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14
CHAPTER III
DISCUSSION
A. Description of SDN 02 Karanganyar
1. General Description
SDN 02 Karanganyar is one of elementary schools in Karanganyar
Sub district. It is located at Jl. Abdul Rahman Saleh, Tegalmulyo,
Karanganyar. The location of this school is close to the busy road therefore
sometimes disturbs the teaching and learning activity. SDN 2 Karanganyar
had a head master to lead the school management and bureaucracy. He
was Mr. Agus Darmanto, S.Pd.
SDN 02 Karanganyar was built in 1957. The school is established
in the land area of 863 m2. The width of the building is about 593 m2 and
its field is about 270 m2. Previously, this school was named SDN 05
Karanganyar. Based on decision latter (SK no. 422/C17/1/36/48), it
changed to be SDN 02 Karanganyar in 1976.
The school had many rooms. It consisted of six classrooms, a
teacher room (including a headmaster room), a library, a computer
laboratory, a warehouse, a kitchen, 4 bathrooms, and a praying room. SDN
02 Karanganyar had a simple and small building.
15
In academic year of 2014/2015 the number of the students was 251,
divided into 6 classes, with the details below:
1st grade : 42 students
2nd grade : 39 students
3rd grade : 34 students
4th grade : 46 students
5th grade : 47 students
6th grade : 43 students
SD N 2 Karanganyar had 13 teachers (including the headmaster),
six of them to be class teachers to guide the student in the classroom. They
taught all of main materials appropriate with the curriculum. There were
five teachers who focused on teaching the specific subjects such as
Religion, English, Javanese, Computer, and Sport. On the other hand, one
of them had double roles, as a headmaster and a Javanese teacher. The
teachers were responsible for the teaching and learning process.
2. Vision and Mission of SDN 02 Karanganyar
1. The vision of SDN 02 Karanganyar is “Dengan Taqwa Kepada Tuhan
Yang Maha Esa, Kita Cerdaskan Anak Bangsa, Terampil dan Berbudi
Pekerti.”
2. These are three Missions of SDN 02 Karanganyar:
16
a. Through the formal and informal education, we educate the
children to be independent in the future, with self ability and noble
character.
b. Making the human resources active, creative, and innovative in
facing the globalization era.
c. Building image of the school as a trust partner in the society.
3. The extracurricular activities of SDN 03 Karanganyar
Some extracurricular activities of SDN 02 Karnganyar are:
1. Scouting
The Scout activity at SDN 02 Karanganyar played a great role to create
perfect personality and mentality of the students. The scout activity was
held on Saturday, at 15.00 pm up to 17.00 pm. This activity was taught
for the students of third grade up to fifth grade. Through Scout
activities, the students trained their skills and actualized their
creativities to prepare the real life in their own community.
2. Rebana
Rebana could be called as an orchestra that was accompanied by
religious or Islamic songs. It could give religious science to students.
This activity was held on Friday at 15.00 up to 17.00.
17
4. The Organization Structure of SDN 02 Karanganyar
The organization of SDN 02 Karanganyar refers to the
organization structure of Dinas UPT PUD NFI and SD Karanganyar Sub
district, as follows:
DISDIKPORA KARANGANYAR SUB-
DISTRICT
HEAD MASTER SCHOOL
COMMITTEE
THE STUDENTS SOCIETY
1st GRADE TEACHER
2nd GRADE TEACHER
COMPUTER TEACHER
ISLAMIC TEACHER
MULOK TEACHER
SPORT TEACHER
5th GRADE TEACHER
6th GRADE TEACHER
4th GRADE TEACHER
CHATOLIC TEACHER
CRISTIAN TEACHER
3rd GRADE TEACHER
ENGLISH TEACHER
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The local government decided a regulation for teachers’ uniform. On
Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, the teachers should wear the regency uniform.
While on Thursday and Friday, they should wear the traditional clothes (batik) for
their uniform. And on Saturday, they should wear scout uniform. It was a
regulation from local government of Mr. Yuliatmono.
The teaching and learning process started at 07.00 am on Tuesday to
Saturday. But on Monday, teaching and learning activities started at 07.30 am,
because they had a flag assembly. On Tuesday until Thursday, this school
arranged schedule to the event of memorizing verses of Al-qur’an (hafalan surat
pendek Al-qur’an). It was a regulation from the headmaster of SDN 02
Karanganyar, Mr. Agus Darmanto, S.Pd. Before entering the classroom, the
students made a simple ceremony in front of the class. Then, they entered the
classroom by shaking hand with the teacher. Before the learning process, the
students were prepared to pray by class leader. In addition, the lesson ends at
12.45 everyday but on Friday the activity was ended at 10.30 and on Saturday the
activity was ended at 10.00.
B. Job Training Activity
Class Observation
During job training, I did an observation to the school. It included the
facilities, the teaching and learning process, and the student’s activities. From the
observation, I got the information about the class condition, the schedule of
English subject, and the total of students.
19
The English lesson was taught from the 1st to 6th grade students. English
lesson in the curriculum was just to be a school local lesson which was taught
once a week for every grade. Each meeting was 70 minutes for one lesson. I
focused on the 5th grade in this job training to be used for an observation object.
There were 47 students in the 5th grade of SDN 2 Karanganyar which
consisted of 26 male students and 21 female students. The facilities of the class
were good enough. The class completed with 24 tables, 50 chairs, a blackboard, a
case, a teacher’s table, a teacher’s chair, and many decorations on the wall. The
decorations were hung on the wall to make the class beautiful and to get general
knowledge. Those decorations were map, pictures of hero, proverbs, president and
vice president of Republic Indonesia. The classroom was clean enough because
many students were scheduled to clean the classroom into the rolling system for 5
students per day so, this classroom was quite comfortable for learning and
teaching activity.
C. Material Preparation
To support the activity of teaching and learning English, the teacher needs
a good manner and time management. Therefore, the materials are arranged in a
lesson plan. Lesson plan will help the teacher to arrange and guide in teaching and
learning process for getting good purpose. In the lesson plan, one topic will be
taught for more than one meeting because it needs four meetings to complete the
material well. The supporting material which can help the teacher in learning and
teaching activity is a picture as an illustration of material given. Therefore, the
colour pictures as the medium were prepared to make the material clearly and
20
easily to understand. All of the preparation above was arranged into the lesson
plan enclosed in the appendices.
D. The Teaching and Learning Activities
After making a lesson plan that had been enclosed in appendices, I applied
them for teaching activity. The time allocation for English lesson was 70 minutes.
Before beginning the class, both the teacher and the students prayed together. It
was always performed before beginning the lesson. After that, I did greeting the
students, as follows:
Teacher : Good morning....
Students : Good morning Miss
Teacher : How are you today?
Students : I’m fine, you?
Teacher : I’m fine too, Thank you
The greeting was performed in the beginning of the English lesson to make the
students familiar to speak in English. After that, I started to explain the lesson
related to the material by using picture. The picture was used in warming up,
presentation, and assessment steps. Warming up is first step to introduce the topic
in teaching activity. The material was taught to students in presentation step. After
that, the assessment was given to check comprehend.
21
E. The Process of Teaching English Vocabularies
In this part, I would like to explain about the process of teaching English
vocabularies. The material must be given to the students. Therefore, the strategy
have to be prepared to teach them. In this part, I made the strategy to give the
material. The use of picture in teaching English vocabularies was a strategy to
give the material to the young learners.
1. Using Pictures in teaching and learning process
To attract students’ attention, I used the pictures in the process of
teaching English vocabularies. The pictures could make the material easily to
understand. It was used in warming up, presentation, and assessment steps.
a. Warming Up
Warming up is the first step in teaching process. This activity was
performed to introduce the new material and to catch the student's attention.
And, the question was also given to the students related to the topic. The
questions were as follows:
The teacher : I have some pictures. Do you know them? (While
showing the pictures)
Picture 3.1: Teaching Activity
22
Picture 3.2: The Types of Food and Drink
http://englishexcercises.blogspot.co.id/2014/04/soal-bahasa-inggris-kelas-5-food-and.html
The students : “some students answer yes and some answer no”
The teacher : I show the picture containing the types of food and drink.
Okay students, we will learn about “food and drink” today.
23
b. Presentation
In this activity, I taught the materials to the students by using picture
as a medium of teaching. It was a strategy to deliver the material easily. First
of all, the students had to repeat the names of objects after me. For examples:
Teacher : Fried rice
Students : Fried rice
Picture 3.3: Fried Rice
www.zomato.com
Teacher : Noodles
Students : Noodles
Picture 3.4: Noodles
www.flightcentre.co.za
Teacher : Bread
Students : Bread
Picture 3.5: Bread
wolipop.detik.com
24
The pictures could make the students interested in learning activity. After the
students knew the names of all the objects, it was shown again to check
whether they listened well or not.
To make the students develop their speaking skill, I used the pictures
to make the materials deliver more easily. Then, the students had to answer
the questions about the pictures, for example:
Teacher : What is it?
Students : It is strawberry juice
Teacher : What are the ingredients of
strawberry juices?
Students : water, ice cube, strawberry
Teacher : very good
Picture 3.6: Strawberry Juice
www.i2clipart.com
And then I pointed one of the students.
Teacher : Kanisa, What foods do you like? (While showing the pictures)
Picture 3.7: The Types of Food and Drink
www.slideshare.net
Kanisa : I like cake (/keɪk/)
Teacher : How do you spell it?
25
Kanisa : /si/ei/kei/i/
Teacher : very good
This activity could make the students understand the objects and help them to
say the names of the objects properly.
c. Assessment
Assessment was needed to check the students’ comprehension about
the material that had been given in teaching and learning activity. The
purpose of the assessment was to know whether they understood or not after
learning together. The assessment was in the form of exercises that were a
combination of the teacher’s write and the exercise book. It checked four skill
elements of language such as; reading, writing, listening, and speaking. I took
one of tasks from handbook “Erlangga” or the internet to search a reference to
write the exercises. The tasks were about the food and drink.
Exercise 1
Matching In this activity, I gave the students an answer sheet. The students had to match the picture in the left column with the suitable words in the right column.
Match the pictures and the words below correctly! A. Coffee
B. Fried rice (as a sample)
C. Cake
D. Fried chicken
E. Bread F. Ice cream
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Exercise 2 Let’s read this story.
Picture 3.8: The story
“Grow with English” by Erlangga Book
Lina is in the canteen. She orders for the food and drink. Lina eats
soto in the canteen. She eats soto because it is delicious. When Lina is
thirsty, she always drinks ice tea.
Vocabulary (kosa kata) Order: memesan Eat: makan Because: karena
Thirsty: haus Drink: minum Delicious: enak
Table 3.1: vocabulary
a. Answer the question! (Jawablah pertanyaan berikut!) 1. Where is Lina? 2. Does Lina order food and drink? 3. Does Lina eat soto? 4. Why does Lina eat soto? 5. What does she drink?
b. State true (T) or false (F) based on the text! (Tentukan benar atau salah berdasarkan bacaan) 1. Lina is in the library. (.......) 2. She orders food and drink. (.......) 3. Lina eats soto. (.......) 4. She thinks soto is not delicious. (.......) 5. She always drinks ice cream. (.......)
27
Exercise 3
Arranging the words In this section, the students had to arrange the words into a good sentence, for example: Arrange the words into a good sentence!
Example : rice – like – I = I like rice don’t – I – pizza – like = I don’t like pizza
1. Orange – I – juice – like 2. Cake – like – I 3. Like – I – don’t - coffee 4. Noodles – I - like 5. I – ice tea – like
Excercise 4
Playing games
The games were also used in this activity by using picture. It was a
combination between some references from other books and teachers’
creativity related four aspect; listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The
students had to practice the games in group. The games were:
Whisper game
In this activity, I gave a list of the sentences to use in whisper
game. Then, the students divided into 5 groups. One of the members of the
group should whisper the sentence to others. Then, the last member should
write the sentence on the whiteboard. The sentences were as follows:
Group 1 : I like noodles Group 2 : I like fried chicken Group 3 : I like strawberry juice Group 4 : I don’t like pizza Group 5 : I don’t like coffee If the students had written the sentence correctly, they got a score.
28
Guessing game
The game was aimed at practicing reading, writing and speaking
skill. The rules of the game was that student had to complete the recipe,
then one of students had to read the ingredients and the steps of the recipe
in front of the class then the other students had to guess what food or drink
he meant.
How to make .......................... Ingredients: Bread .......................... ..................... ........................... ........................... Steps: -Provide bread -Add meat, cheese, lettuce, tomato, and garlic on the bread -Hamburger is ready to serve.
How to make ................................ Ingredients: orange ................... ..................... Steps: -Put orange, ice cube, and sugar into a blender and mix them -Pour into a glass -Orange juice is ready to serve.
How To Make .................. Ingredients : noodle ................. ......................... .................................. Steps: -Boil Water in a small pan. -Once boiled, add noodle. -Mix seasoning powder, oil, soy sauce and chilli powder on a plate. -Cook for about 3 minutes. -Add noodle to the plate and mix well with the seasoning. -Noodle is ready to serve
How to make ................. Ingredients: strawberry .......................... ............................ Steps: -Put strawberry, ice cube, and sugar into a blender and mix them -Pour into a glass -strawberry juice is ready to serve
Table 3.2: Guessing Game
In this game, I pointed one of the students to read the recipe in front of the
class. For example:
29
Teacher : Fajar, read the recipe, please!
Student : Okay miss. The Ingredients are bread, meat, cheese,
lettuce, tomato, and garlic. And the steps such as provide
bread, add meat, cheese, lettuce, tomato, and garlic on the
bread. What is it?
Student : Yaaa (put his hands up)
Teacher : Okay, Rangga
Student : It is Hamburger
Teacher : very good. Give applause for Rangga
After that, the score gave to the students if their answer was correct.
2. Closing
It was an activity that the teacher repeated the material to check
students’ understanding. In this session, I also asked some questions to the
students. The questions were “any question?” and “what have we learnt
today?” The homeworks were also given to the students, so, they could learn
the material at home. Then, I closed the lesson by saying:
The teacher : Well students. The time is over. That’s all for the lesson
today. Good bye... and see you tomorrow....
The students : See you Miss....
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F. The Problem and Solution of The Use of Picture in Teaching Vocabulary
to The Fifth Grade of SDN 02 Karanganyar
There are some problems found in teaching activity. This part explains
about the problems. The problems in teaching activity are as follows:
a. Time allocation
In the teaching activity, I had 70 minutes only to deliver the material.
It included greeting, presenting, and assessing. The lesson plan should be
managed to cover those activities. Unfortunately, managing the students also
needed time. The students were busy in chatting while I explained the
material to them. This problem made the activity not on time. In solving the
problem, I used the strategy to attract students by some instructions. The
instructions were given to make the students active in learning activity. If the
students did not focus in the material, they got the punishment. It was
successful to get their attention so the learning activity kept on the schedule.
b. Picture size
In the first time I did job training, the students complained that the
size of picture was small. The students who sat in the last lines and in the
corner of the classroom could not see the picture clearly. In solving the
problem, I made a paper in landscape so the picture’s size could be enlarged
into the maximum size. Then, the picture was shown by walking around in
the classroom so the students could see the picture clearly.
31
c. There was no handbook
In English subject, the school did not provide English exercise book or
“LKS” to the students so I wrote the exercise on the whiteboard that could
reduce the time allocation and made the learning activity not finished on time.
It was because “BOS” (Bantuan Operasional Sekolah) was only given for the
main subjects. Besides that, English subject was included into local subject.
Without the supporting facility, the learning activity was not effective. In
solving this problem, I looked for other reference books or took from the
internet. Sometimes, the references were copied if there were important
information that could not be written. I also made a test from the English
book.
d. Linguistic Problems
In learning foreign language, learners must adjust the pronunciation
and the spelling the word. There were some mistakes that were done by
students in spelling and pronunciation.
1. Spelling problems
Students still did some mistakes in spelling the word. These
problems were found in speaking and writing session. In speaking session,
I wrote the dialogue about ordering food and drink on the whiteboard then
the students had to practice it.
Practice and study the dialogue below!
Hendra : I am hungry. Andre : What do you want to eat? (apakah kamu ingin makan?) Hendra : I want to eat a plate of fried rice. And you?
32
Andre : I am not hungry. But, I am thirsty. Hendra : What do you want to drink?(apakah kamu ingin minum?) Andre : I want to drink a glass of ice tea. Hendra : Ok.
The student did some mistakes in pronouncing the vocabulary on
the dialog above, are as follows:
No. The types of food
and drink
Incorrect
pronunciation
Correct
pronunciation
1. Hungry /hungri/ /ˈhʌŋ.gri/
2. Ice /es/ /aɪs/
3. Fried rice /fred rais/ /fraɪd/ /raɪs/
Table 3.3: Pronunciation mistake on the dialog
Besides that, I also gave them some games related to the topic
“food and drink”. They were guessing game and whisper game. The guess
game needed a worksheet to complete the blank recipes. In the whispering
game, the students had to write the sentence on the whiteboard after
listening a sentence that had been whispered from their friends.
For example:
Whisper the sentence to your friend and write on the board Group 1 : I like noodles Group 2 : I like fried chicken Group 3 : I like strawberry juice Group 4 : I don’t like pizza Group 5 : I don’t like coffee
The student still did some mistakes in spelling the vocabulary in
the whisper game, are as follows:
33
No. The types of food and
drink
Incorrect
spelling
Correct
spelling
1. Chicken Chiken Chicken
2. Coffee Coffe Coffee
3. Don’t Don’t don’t
Table 3.4: Spelling Mistake on the whisper game
In the last session of whisper game, the students had to write the
sentences on the whiteboard. They still did some mistakes in written the
word “chiken” and “coffe”. I gave the correct word “chiken” should be
written “chicken” and “coffe” should be written “coffee”. The students
also made a mistake in written verb “dont” they were not add quote (‘). So
I gave the correct word “dont” should be written “don’t” with quote.
2. Pronunciation
Students did some mistakes in pronouncing the words too. To
solve it, I showed the word while telling the correct names of pictures
about the types of food and drink. They were: fried chicken, ice tea, cake,
tomato juice, etc.
The student still did some mistakes in pronouncing the vocabulary,
are as follows:
34
No The types of food and
drink
Incorrect
Pronunciation
Correct Pronunciation
1. Cake /cake/ /keɪk/
2. Ice tea /es ti/ /aɪs/ /tiː/
3. Tomato /tomato/ /təˈmɑː.təʊ/
4. Noodle /nodel/ /ˈnuː.dl ̩/
5. Fried rice /fred rais/ /fraɪd/ /raɪs/
6. Thirsty /tirsti/ /ˈθɜː.sti/
7. Sugar /sugar/ /ˈʃʊg.ə r /
8. Lettuce /letus/ /ˈlet.ɪs/
Table 3.5: Pronunciation Mistake on the guessing game
To solve the problem, the students had to repeat after me for following
how to pronounce the word correctly.