CHAPTER - II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & PROFILE OF …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/50679/9/09_chapter_02.pdfThe DRDA, KDDC Bank, Commercial Banks and NGOs who are in the

Research Methodology & Profile of Kolhapur District

Department of Economics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 47

CHAPTER - II

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & PROFILE OF KOLHAPUR DISTRICT

2.1 Introduction: Self Help Groups (SHGs) are becoming one of the best means for the

empowerment of poor women in almost all the developing countries including

India. Kolhapur is no exception as regards the role played by women's

collectives, known by different names for release and empowerment of poor

women. The DRDA, KDDC Bank, Commercial Banks and NGOs who are in the

field of socio-economic development of the marginalised sections in the society

since ten years, had initially organised for better participation of people in

development initiatives and also for thrift and credit facilities. Since the

emergence of SHG system, as per the initiatives of National Bank for Agriculture

and Rural Development (NABARD), and directives from Reserve Bank of India

(RBI), SHGs linked them to financial institutions for better credit facilities.

In Kolhapur, since the middle of 1997s these SHGs are recognized as

SHGs by NABARD, as far as SHG Bank linkage and credit facilities are

concerned. Therefore in this study, SHG would stand for SHGs of NGOs. Since

1997, a strategy and at the same time as a programme - both in rural as well as

in urban areas. The present study was aimed at making a study of the enabling

processes and efforts by the DRDA, KDDC Bank and NGOs towards social,

economic and political empowerment of poor women since last ten years in

Kolhapur district.

2.2 Background of Problem:

In Kolhapur district 70.19% population to dwell permanently in rural area

and only 29.81% population in dwell permanently in urban area. From the point

of the view of geographical structure, some Talukas in Kolhapur district like

Chandgad, Shahuwadi, Bhudargad, Radhanagari, Panhala, Ajara some part of

Hatkangale under the hilly cum forest area. Some irrigated talukas are Karveer,

Kagal, Shirol, Bhudargad, and Gadhingalaj taluka is only drought-prone region

and some part of Hatakangale taluka. Thus, 54.48% people dwelling in hilly cum

forest area and 5.75% people drought prone area is hard and labourious. They

have to face economic crises normally. The Kolhapur district industrialisation in

the Karveer, Kagal, Hatkangale, Shirol, Chandgad, Ajara, Gadhingalaj MIDC in



this area established. But most industry established only three taluka like that

Karveer, Kagal and Hatkangale. Almost 46.92% population of the district is total

work activities. Among the total working of female population is 38.11%. Kolhapur

district income is day by day less, 23.52% income in the year of 2000-01 and 17.88%

income in the year of 2005-06.

Considering the above profile, it becomes evident that maximum people in

Kolhapur district face economic and natural calamities (floods). In case of women

who are already subordinated in patriarchal society, the life is more labourious,

morally strict and more dependent. On the other hand the picture is seen in the

Kolhapur district that women SHGs have been formed on a big scale and through

them women are striving to fight against difficulties in their life.

Thinking this background, it was decided to undertaken this specific study

concentrating on the work of SHGs of women in the Kolhapur district.

2.3 Importance of the study:

The success of SHGs in delivering need-based thrift to the rural and urban

poor is a significant development. The savings and credit programmes,

introduced and extended by SHPIs in several parts of India, have the potential to

minimize the problems of insufficient access to credit for the poor. At present,

there is a growing awareness between RBI and NABARD that SHGs should form

an important part of their development strategies. Savings and credit activities of

SHGs have the potential to spread all over India. There is therefore, a need to

understand policies and procedures followed by various SHGs. Further, the study

of the functioning of SHGs becomes significant given the need for improvement

of existing systems. Moreover, savings and credit activities should be sustainable

in the long run. In order to make savings and credit sustainable, there is need to

discuss the approach, system and experience of SHPIs concerned in these

activities and learns from their experience.

The findings of the study, it is hoped, would be useful to the planners,

policy makers, SHPIs, outside agencies to undertake suitable modifications in the

Act for healthy performance of SHGs and to change a suitable policy to fill the

financial gap that live in rural and urban credit.

2.4 Scope of the study:

The present study has been undertaken to assess the contributions of

SHGs to women change overall. The study is confined to Kolhapur district only



covering all 12 talukas. As much as the survey is concerned, the information of

SHGs in Kolhapur district was collected through Panchayat Samittee, DRDA

office in Zilla Parishad, NGOs, Kolhapur District Central Cooperative Bank and

through the various banks in Kolhapur district.

2.5 Limitation of the study:

The present study is limited to Kolhapur district. There were 20280 women

SHGs in Kolhapur district in March, 2008. However, within the time and money

constraints of this work, a sample the ratio of the sample size of the whole

population of SHGs in Kolhapur district for this study work come to 2.47%. As the

nature of the conducted study is mixed i.e. it includes SHGs having different

geographical background like hilly or drought prone area, rural or urban area, or

some SHGs are APL and BPL. It becomes essential that observation of the study

should be considered against this background. Hence it would be difficult to draw

precise generalizations regarding the implications of the study. The findings in

this study, interpretations and conclusions drawn could be best seen within these

limitations.

2.6 Objective of the study:

Following are the objectives of the present study.

i) To enumerate and portray the growth of SHGs in Kolhapur district.

ii) To study economic background of women in SHGs.

iii) To study functions of SHGs.

iv) To study the impact of SHGs on women participants.

v) To study impact of saving and borrowing of SHGs.

vi) To study the decision making of SHGs.

vii) To study the impact of family status of SHGs.

viii) To examine participation reserve category (SC/ST) women in SHGs.

ix) To study credit facilities provided by SHGs to female members.

x) To study the impact of SHG credit facilities on women members.

xi) To study changing socio-economic attitudes of SHGs women female

members i.e. Education, health, marriage, employment etc.



2.7 Hypothesis:

The overall hypothesis of the study is as under- “Women Self Help

Groups increase women’s socio-economic status and functioning”.

2.8 The Research methodology:

This study is conducted with the use of following methodology.

2.9.1 Sample:

a. A sample survey of women’s SHGs in Kolhapur district is conducted, which

have an existence of at least one-year on 1-10- 2007 to 30-10- 2008.

b. The size of sample is 500(2.47%) of women’s SHGs population Kolhapur

district.

c. Taluka wise stratification (arrangement of layers) is adopted and which all

Talukas is selected for detail study.

d. Sample element is identified on the basis of lottery random sampling

(sampling method).

2.9.2 Study area:

Twelve Talukas of Kolhapur District.

2.9.3 Study Period:

The cover 5 years period from 2000-01 to 2005-06.

2.10 Parameters:

1) SHGs profile & growth rate

2) Source of income employment indebtedness of SHGs

3) The changes in income, indebtedness, of participants

4) Saving & borrowing

5) Participation rates in social decision making

6) Participations decision making in family level

2.11 Data Collection and Data Analysis:

2.11.1 Primary Data:

By visiting personally SHG members, spread in all 12 talukas of Kolhapur

district, the survey was carried out. By administering a schedule of questionnaire

and conducting personal interviews primary data were collected.



I) Questionnaire:

Data collecting from SHG members, a complete and detailed

questionnaire was prepared. A pilot study was conducted for pre testing its

validity. The method of enquiry was amended suitably and the required

information was collected with the help of the pre-tested questionnaire. The data

were collected during the period from 1-10- 2007 to 30-11- 2008.

II) Discussions and interviews:

During the survey, not only formal but informal discussions were also held

with SHG members, their family members, SHG facilitators, social workers,

employee of NGOs, MAVIM, government officials, NABARD regional officer and

bank officers (Commercial banks and KDCC bank, Mahila Kaksha). These

unstructured interviews proved helpful in collecting information which was rather

than difficult to collect through the questionnaire.

III) Attendance in Meetings and other SHG related functions:

The meetings of some SHGs were attended individually. In the same way,

meeting of MAVIM facilitators were also attended. As well as it, Mahila Melave,

DRDA yearly programme, various exhibitions (Gokul milk association, foods stall

), MAVIM organised district competition of Relay competition, Lemon-spoon,

three leg running, Kabbadi etc. on Savitribai Phule jayanti were attended.

2.11.2 Secondary data:

Secondary data were collected through a number of books on SHGs

movement, National and international reports, study articles, seminars as well as

major research study reports, Magazines, study material of Indira Gandhi Open

University, NABARD office Pune & internet literature etc. As well as it, following

libraries were personally visited:

i) Barr. Balasaheb Kardekar library, Shivaji University, Kolhapur.

ii) Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune.

iii) Centre for Social Studies, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat.

iv) Yashada, Pune.

v) Tilak Maharashtra University, Pune.



vi) Centre for Budget and Policy Studies, Bangalore.

vii) University of Pune, Pune.

viii) Chha. Shahu Institute of Business Education and Research, Kolhapur.

ix) Women Study Centre, Shivaji University, Kolhapur.

x) UGC-SAP-DRS Library, Department of Economics, Shivaji University,

Kolhapur.

2.11.3 Statistical Method:

The collecting year-wise information of SHGs in Kolhapur district for the

purpose of the research, it was found that on government level there is lack of

systematic compilation of information about SHGs formed by various agencies

like government agencies, NGOs, Banks etc. However, compiled information

about BPL SHGs formed under SGSY scheme was found to be available in the

DRDA office in Zilha Parishad and SJSRY scheme was found to be available

each Municipal Councils and one Municipal Corporation but information about

SHGs promoted by different NGOs, Banks or credit societies was not available in

compiled way in any department. The information about SHGs having accounts

in nationalised banks was not made available in a collective way. Information

about SHGs in cooperative sector was collected from KDCC Bank only. The

exact number of SHGs formed by credit societies was also not found available

anyplace.

This absence of systematic compiled data and involvement of multiple

agencies in the work of SHG formation and promotion created obstacle in the

way of selecting sample design for the research. Thus it was decided that SHGs

which have completed 1 to 2 years and have taken loan from the bank should be

included in the study. Each taluka of 60% APL and 40% BPL SHGs talukas ratio

were selected random, from the Kolhapur district. Out of them one member from

each SHGs were selected who were willing to give information. In this way,

altogether 500 SHGs from 12 talukas were selected. There are 20280 SHGs and

320005 members in Kolhapur district as at the end of March 2008. The ratio of

the sample size of the whole population of SHGs in Kolhapur district for this study

work comes to 2.47%.



The sampling method accepted in this work revolves to be purposive

because of the nature of the work. Moreover, it was necessary to identify SHGs

with a minimum existence of more than 1 to 2 year.

2.11.4 Data analysis:

The collected primary data were classified and analysed carefully with the

help of SPSS 11.0 version package, Eviews software and Windows Excel on

computer for arriving at various statistical inferences. For this purpose, sample

statistical technique like percentage as well as were used keeping in view the

objective of the study, to draw necessary observations and conclusions. For the

sake of having ease in comprehension, graphs and charts prepared with the help

of computer were used.

2.12 Chapter Scheme:

Following is the chapter scheme of the work.

Chapter-1 : Historical Background of Microfinance and SHGs:

The first chapter is related with the progress of Microfinance concept, SHG

concept, evolution SHG concept, characteristics, objectives, record keeping,

group audit, Networking/ Federation, SHG bank linkage programme in India and

overview of SHGs Bank Linkage Programme in Maharashtra.

Chapter- 2: Research Methodology & Profile of Kolhapur District

This chapter highlights the historical and geographical of the background

of the study area i.e. Kolhapur District. Furthermore, it describes expansion of

Self Help Groups movement in Kolhapur District, taluka wise SHG KDCC bank

linkage programme in Kolhapur district, bank wise Progress of SHGs linkage

programme in Kolhapur district 2007-08, year wise SHGs credit linked in

Kolhapur district, bank wise refinance Kolhapur district, promotional programme

statement as on 31-03-09 Grant to SHPIs.

Is related a inclusive outline of the statement of the problem, importance of

the study, scope of the study, limitation of the study, objectives of the study,

research design, methodology, types of statistical analysis.

Chapter-3: Review of Literature:



In the next part of the chapter presents in brief the organization of review

of literature relevant to the present study sub headings; SHGs as an alternative

credit system, performance of SHGs, characteristics of Groups and

empowerment, SHGs and women empowerment, impact of SHGs on Rural &

Urban development, role of NGOs in the functioning of SHGs, role of

Microfinance, SHGs Federations.

Chapter- 4: Performance of Self Help Groups under Bank Linkage

Programme:

This chapter consists of detailed analysis and interpretations of the profiles

of SHGs members and the performance of SHG under bank linkage programme.

SHGs are analysed various aspects i.e. governances aspects, general

management practices, financial management practices, savings activities,

lending activities etc.

Chapter- 5: Impact of Self Help Groups on Women Members:

This chapter consists of detailed analysis and interpretations of the profiles

of SHGs members and their SHGs and various viz. economic, social and political

and legal aspects of respondents. Inclusive study in relation to above aspects

has been done from the perspective of situation of respondents regarding these

aspects pre-SHGs and post-SHGs.

Chapter-6: Findings, Problems and Suggestions:

This chapter is which reports the important findings and problems of the

study. SHGs in Kolhapur district contributed significantly in empowering

maximum rural and poor women economically and socially. In the later part of

this chapter, suggestions have been given fro accelerating speed of women

development and removing drawbacks.

3.14 Profile of Kolhapur District:

The accession of Sahu Chatrapatl to the gadi may be said to have opened

a new chapter in the life of Kolhapur and to a considerable extent in the life of

Maharashtra. His rule lasted over 38 years from 1884 to 1922 and witnessed the

release of powerful social forces which succeeded in bringing about a remarkable

transformation of the existing social picture. The significance of the change can

be properly understood in the context of the larger background of a national



renaissance which was slowly rising on the Indian horizon from the early years of

the present century. 1

No significant historical development took place during the later period and

the town continued to flourish under successive Rulers. The Principally State of

Kolhapur merged in the Indian Union on 31st March 1949 and became a district in

the Bombay State and in 1st May 1960s converted in the Maharashtra State. As a

census 2001, the Kolhapur district has 12 talukas, 18 towns and 1196 villages.

Taluka wise divide of towns and the villages in Kolhapur district is as under table

no.2.1.2

Table No. 2.1 Taluka wise divide of towns and the villages in Kolhapur district Sr.No. Name of the Taluka No. of Town No. of Villages

1 Shahuwadi 1 133 2 Panhala 1 130 3 Hatkanagle 5 58 4 Shirol 2 54 5 Karvir 5 125 6 Bavda 0 39 7 Radhanagari 0 114 8 Kagal 2 86 9 Bhudargad 0 114 10 Ajra 1 96 11 Gadhinglaj 1 91 12 Chandgad 0 156 Total 18 1196

Source: Kolhapur District Census 2001

2.15 Demographic Features:

2.15.1 Population:

According to the Census 2001 Kolhapur district has total population of

35.23 lakh and stands 9th in Maharashtra. Karveer tehsil accounts highest (26 per

cent) percentage and Gaganbawada tehsil (1 per cent) contributes lowest to the

total district population.

2.15.2 Population Growth Rate:

In the Nineteenth decade district account population growth rate of 17.85

per cent, out of which population growth rate of rural area (12.27 per cent) is

lower than the urban area (33.46 per cent). As compare to Eighteenth decade

this growth shows decline in rural area and tremendous increase in urban area.



2.15.3 Population Density:

According to the Census 2001 density of population in the Kolhapur

accounts 455 for Sq.Km.. Population density for urban area (4222) is twelve

times higher than rural area (330). Karveer tehsil has the highest population

density (1351) and Gaganbawada tehsil accounts lowest (116).

2.15.4 Taluka wise distribution of Population:

Taluka wise distribution of total population of Kolhapur district based on

the census 2001 has been reveal in the following table divided into male-female

as well as urban–rural category. The table 2.2 reveals taluka wise distribution of

total population into male female and urban rural categories. Later than thinking

total population, it is seen that the population of the Karvir taluka is the highest

which is followed by Hatkangale, Kagal, Panhala and Gadhingalaj. Observing

urban population, Karvir taluka, Hatkanagle taluka and Kagal are leading

whereas in case of rural population also Karvir, Hatkangale, Shirol, Panhala and

Kagal. As Radhanagari, Chandgad, Bhudargad and Gaganbawada taluka come

totally under rural area, population in these taluka is reveals as rural population.

Table No. 2.2 Taluka wise distribution of Population in Kolhapur District (2001)

Taluka Total Population Male Population Female Population

Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Shahuwadi 171355 5504 176859 83522 2782 86304 87833 2722 90555 Panhala 234931 3452 238383 122095 1978 124073 112836 1474 114310 Hatkanangle 354625 355003 709628 184299 186951 371250 170326 168052 338378 Shirol 294785 64394 359179 152143 32871 185014 142642 31523 174165 Karvir 358052 548814 906866 187919 285171 473090 170133 263643 433776 Gaganbavda 32525 0 32525 16521 0 16521 16004 0 16004 Radhanagari 188107 0 188107 96671 0 96671 91436 0 91436 Kagal 215257 32980 248237 110552 16829 127381 104705 16151 120856 Bhudargad 144910 0 144910 72631 0 72631 72279 0 72279 Ajara 106581 14849 121430 50710 7610 58320 55871 7239 63110 Gadhinglaj 190900 25357 216257 94252 13039 107291 96648 12318 108966 Chandgad 180781 0 180781 88924 0 88924 91857 0 91857

Total 2472809 1050353 3523162 1260239 547231 1807470 1212570 503122 1715692

Source: Kolhapur District Census 2001

It is observed from the table no 2.2 that there are overall 51.30% male

population in the district which is grater than percentage of female population is

48.70%. The urban area contributed 10.50 lakh (30per cent) and rural area

contributed 24.73 lakh (70per cent) to the total population of 35.23 lakh. Kolhapur

(47 per cent) and Ichalkaranji city (25 per cent) together contributes 72 per cent



in the total urban population of the district. 28 per cent population is belonging to

other eight Municipal Councils.

2.15.5 Sex Ratio:

Kolhapur district has the sex ratio of 946 as against national average of

933. Sex ratio for the urban area (919) is lower than the rural area (962). As per

the Census 2001 the sex ratio for 0 to 6 years accounts 839. For the rural area it

accounts 842 and 831 for urban area.

2.15.6 Ratio of SC/ST Population:

Total SC population in the district is 4.50 lakh and they account 13 per

cent of the district population. ST population in the district is 0.21 lakh and they

contribute less than 1 percent to the district population.

2.15.7 Distribution of population by age:

As per the Census 2001, distribution of population by age is shown is the

following table no.2.3. Kolhapur district has 15 to 59 age group (60.07%) high

working population and 0 to 4, (8.76 %), 5 to 14 (20.64%) and 60 years and

above age population is dependent population.

Table No. 2.3 Distribution of population by age groups

Sr. No. Age Population % to the

total population

1 0 to 4 308853 8.76 2 5 to 14 727485 20.64 3 15 to 59 2151694 60.07

4 60 years and above 335130 9.51 Source: Kolhapur District Census 2001

2.15.8 Working population:

According to the Census 2001, Kolhapur district has 16.53 lakh (47 per

cent) working population, out of which 13.04 lakh are from rural area and 3.49

lakh from urban area. In the total working population there are 40 per cent

farmers, 16 per cent agriculture labourers, 3 per cent domestic worker and other

types 41 per cent workers. District has 2.58 lakh marginal farmers, who’s

percentage share in the total district population is 7 per cent.

2.15.9 Administrative Setup:



Kolhapur district has twelve Tehsils which divided into four Revenue

Subdivision along with twelve Panchayat Samiti’s and 1030 Grampanchyats for

rural administration.

In the case of urban administrative setup district has one Municipal

Corporation along with nine Municipal Councils.

2.16 District Industries Centre:

Kolhapur is also famous for its qualitative industrial products which make

Kolhapur as an industrial hub in the Maharashtra. District has its own identity in

industrial products like Diesel engine, and various parts of engine. The District

Industries Centre (DIC) was established in 1979. The major objective was to

encourage all the Small Scale Industries and help them under one common roof.3

2.16.1Small Scale Industry:

The permanent and temporary small scale industries registration and other

details as on 31st March, 2001 for the Kolhapur district is as below in the table

2.4.

Table No. 2.4 Permanent and temporary small scale industries registration

and other details as on 31/3/2001 for the Kolhapur District Sr. No.

Industry Category

SSI Regd. Permanent

SSI Regd. Temporary

Total Empl. Gen. Permanent

Empl. Gen. Temporary

1 Agriculture Oriented

189 275 484 520 841

2 Forest Oriented 100 200 300 1500 10

3 Mineral Oriented 87 90 177 300 400

4 Food & Drinks 68 158 226 610 865

5 Clothing 2559 1507 4060 1958 2653

6 Leather 167 198 365 615 935

7 Rubber 93 112 205 700 725

8 Plastic 123 494 617 564 920

9 Chemical 130 551 681 693 1327

10 Metal (Eng.Ind.) 1936 1656 3592 5819 10100

11 Electric 38 68 106 900 768

12 Electronic 31 73 104 225 127

13 Other 3923 3858 7121 29200 35737

Total 9438 9260 18698 43604 65398

Source: District Statistically handbook, 2005, ZP, Kolhapur.4



It is cleared from above table that, the Clothing and Metal Engineering

Industries has a large share in both total number of permanent and temporary

SSI units and also in employment generation.

The major among the small scale units are Auto Spare Parts, C.I. Casting,

Engg. Job Work, Diesel Engine and Engine Parts, Textile and Silver Ornaments,

Chappals, etc. which also contributing in the district economy by providing the

employment to the masses.

2.16.2 Medium and Large Scale Industries:

Permission for a total of 227 medium and major industries has been

granted by the Central Govt. out of total 110 units have started their production.

The major among them are 21 Sinning mills, 19 Sugar industries and 21 Textile

mills (both private and cooperatives). Remaining units are of Engineering,

Poultry, Foundry Chemical, Animal Food, etc. Total investment in these 110 units

is Rs. 563 crores and provided employment to 55,000 peoples.

2.16.3 Industrial Area of MIDC:

Presently there are two Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation

(MIDC) areas existing and four more are proposed. A total of 1207 units are

functioning in these five existing MIDC areas.(table no.2.5)

Table No. 2.5 MIDC areas in Kolhapur district

Sr. No.

MIDC Area Total Area (Hectares)

Total Plots

Distributed Plots

1 SMAK Shiroli Mfg. Assoc. 269.00 714 700

2 Gokul Shirgaon Mfg. Assoc. & Five Star industry

233.93 775 751

3 Ajara MIDC - - - 4 Gadhingalaj MIDC - - -

5 Shirol MIDC - - - Total 472.93 1489 1451

Source: District Statistical Handbook, 2005, Zilla Parishad, Kolhapur.5

2.17 Education:

Kolhapur has a long history of educational development. The Rajarshi

Chhatrpati Shahu Maharaj was the first king in India who made legislation for the

compulsory primary education in the State and to open the doors of higher

education and established Rajaram College at the beginning of twentieth century.



At present in the district there are Two Universities namely Shivaji

University, Kolhapur which was established in year 1962 & Dr. D.Y.Patil

University, Kolhapur. Along with 74 Colleges out of which eight are Medical, six

are Technical, Three are Business schools, and three are Engineering,

Agriculture and Architect one of each and others.6 According to Census-2001,

there are 2088 primary schools, including 82 schools exclusively for girls, middle

and secondary schools and 647 higher secondary schools in the district.7

2.18 Literacy:

According to Census 2001, literacy rate for the Kolhapur district is 77 per

cent. It is 87 per cent for male and 66 per cent for female. Urban literacy rate is

86 per cent and rural literacy rate is 73 per cent. The female literacy in the district

(66 per cent) is increased by 13 per cent in last decade.(table no.2.6)

Table No. 2.6 Details of literacy in Kolhapur District

Sr.No. Taluka Literate Population

Total Male Female

1 Shahuwadi 58632 42032 100664

2 Panhala 91969 61661 153630

3 Hathkalangale 285929 209536 495465

4 Shirol 142985 108382 251367

5 Karveer 376444 288329 664773

6 Gaganbawada 10345 6246 16591

7 Kagal 94748 65435 160183

8 Bhudargad 53775 37942 91717

9 Ajara 41394 31897 73291

10 Gadhinglaj 78131 57787 135918

11 Chandgad 61300 42571 103871

12 Radhanagari 71369 45468 116837 Total 1367021 997286 2364307

Source: Kolhapur District Census 2001.

2.19 Agriculture:

Agriculture is the backbone of the district economy of Kolhapur and

despite rapid industrialization in the last five decades; it occupies a place of pride.

Being the largest industry of the district economy, agriculture provides

employment to around 65 per cent of the total work force in the district.

Significance of this sector can be evaluated by studying its share in the

district income which is given in the following table 2.7.



Table No. 2.7 Contribution of Agriculture sector in the Gross District Income

Year Gross District Income Agriculture 2 as % 1

2000-01 87101762 20492873 23.52

2001-02 98874537 21398526 21.64 2002-03 102984471 21140691 20.52 2003-04 116515948 20568226 17.65

2004-05 130686100 23518100 18.00

2005-06 145246700 25975900 17.88 Source: Computed from various Socio-Economic Survey Reports of Kolhapur District.

Figures provided by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Mumbai

(in Table 2.7) reveal that the share of agriculture which includes agriculture,

forestry and fishing in Gross District Income is declining and reached a level of

about 18 per cent in 2005-06. But still agriculture contributes a major share in the

district income.8

2.19.1 Land Utilization:

In 2000-01 out of the total geographical area of 776261 thousand

hectares, 18 per cent area was under forest, 10 per cent of non-fertile land, 15

per cent of infertile land and net area sown was 57 per cent.(table no 2.8)

The details regarding the land utilisation is shown in the following table.

Table No. 2.8 Land Utilization Statistics of Kolhapur District

(Area in thousand hectares)

Year Geographical

Area

Cropping Area Gross

Cropped Area Net area sown Area sown

more than once

1960-61 776261 413800 29587 443387

1970-71 776261 403400 50022 453422

1980-81 776261 427600 54690 482290

1990-91 776261 425800 71534 497334

2000-01 776261 442300 121720 564020 Source: Socio-Economic survey reports of Kolhapur District from 2000-01 to 2006-07

Above table shows stagnation in the net area sown, whereas area sown

more than once shows rapid growth due to the increased irrigation facilities

during last few decades thereby increase in the total gross cropped area.



Table No. 2.9 Taluka wise land use Pattern in Kolhapur District ( Area in Hectares)

Source: Socio-Economic survey reports of Kolhapur District from 2000-01 to 2006-07

It is clear from the table no.2.9 reveals that percentage of net area sown to

the total geographical area is highest in Gadhinglaj taluka (7.99 per cent) and

lowest in Radhanagari Taluka (35.83 per cent). 9

2.20 Irrigation:

Kolhapur is an agrarian district; therefore the significance of irrigation is

vital for the development of agriculture sector and thereby overall prosperity of

the district economy. There are four major irrigation projects in the district,

namely Radhanagari, Tulsi, Dudhganga and Warna having command area of

220434 hectares, out of which two projects are completed and other two are

under construction. As far as medium irrigation projects are concern district has

12 medium irrigation projects out of which construction of 10 projects are

completed and two are on the way. There are 146 minor irrigation projects having

the command area of 27306 hectares. In 2000-01 out of total irrigated area of

135100 hectares, 8 per cent area was under food grain crop and 72 % under

sugarcane crop.

2.21 Cropping Pattern:

In 2005-06 Sugarcane (21 per cent), Paddy (20 per cent) and Soyabeen

(12 per cent) crops together contributes 53 per cent in the district gross cropped

area of 553860. Area under sugarcane crop shows the significant growth (4.15

Sr. No.

Taluka Total

Geographical Area Net

Area Sown 3 as % 2

1 Shahuwadi 104352 47466 45.49

2 Panhala 56871 26898 47.30 3 Hatkanangle 60937 49024 80.45 4 Shirol 50783 41697 82.11

5 Karveer 67113 47170 70.28 6 Gaganbawada 28228 12979 45.98

7 Radhanagari 89232 31970 35.83 8 Kagal 54754 46833 85.53

9 Bhudargad 64446 26934 41.79 10 Aajra 54888 23128 42.14 11 Gadhinglaj 48115 42336 87.99

12 Chandgad 96542 51351 53.19 Total 776261 447786 57.68



per cent) in the last 10 years. Chandgad, Shahuwadi, Bhudargad, Radhanagari,

Karveer and Panhala tehsils are front runners in the production of paddy crop.

The compound growth rate for Rice, Jawar, Wheat, Maize, Soyabeen and

Sugarcane crops are 1.77 per cent, 1.18 per cent, -0.60 per cent, 2.60 per cent,

3.44 per cent, 4.15 per cent respectively. Wheat shows the negative growth rate

(-0.60 per cent) on the other hand Sugarcane crop shows the higher growth rate

(4.15 per cent) than the other crops and as against the growth rate of gross

cropped area of 0.48 per cent for the 2000-01 to 2006-07.10

2.22 Co-operative Movement in Kolhapur District:

Kolhapur is one of the leading districts in co-operative movement in India.

Co-operative movement made revolutionary development in various fields of the

district. Among various Co-operative societies the Co-op. sugar factories, Co-op.

milk societies, Co-op. Banks, Co-op. Marketing Societies, Co-op. Spinning Mills

are playing major role in prosperity of Co-operative movement in the Kolhapur

District. As per the Socio-Economic Survey Report of Kolhapur district of 2006-07

there are about 12,073 co-operative societies in the district, out of which 14 per

cents are non-agriculture societies. District Central Co-operatives bank has

issued loans of rupees 1196.28 crores out of which about 53.50 per cent loan is

short term loan.11

2.23 Co-operative Sugar Factories:

Presently, there are 19 sugar factories in the district out of which 18 are in

Co-operative sector and 1 is in Private sector. They together crushed 16.795

million tones of cane and sugar produced 2.124 M.T. and sugar recovery 12.65

% of sugar in 2007-08.12

2.24 Kolhapur Special:

Kolhapur has one of the highest per-capita incomes for a city in India.

Trade is mostly dependent on farming of cash crops like sugarcane, the metal

industry with important inputs from textiles and mining. Another field that

Kolhapur prides it of is films. In certain circles, Kolhapur was and is still

considered the capital of the Marathi film industry. Legendary personalities like

Bhalaji Pendharkar, Baburao Painter and V. Shantaram started their careers from

Kolhapur. Kolhapur is also a strong political center. Kolhapur is known for its art



and handicrafts. One of its sovereign gift to the world is spotless Kolhapuri

Chappals (Slippers), which are manufactured by skilled and subtle persons who

live only on art. The sugarcane produced in fertile land of Kolhapur is rich in

Sugar grain and the colour body proportion is less compared to other areas.

Kolhapuri Saaj It is a special type of neckless which is very popular with

Maharastrian Women. 'Kusti,' wrestling is popular game at Kolhapur. Some of the

Kings were themselves good wrestlers. Almost every week Kusti festivals were

arranged here in their period. When he was on Europe tour he saw famous

stadium 'Colloquium' at Rome and decided to build such stadium at Kolhapur.

After returning from tour he constructed the Khasbaug Maidan style of

'Colloquium' of Rome. Khasbaug Kusti Maidan is Unique in India. These are all

special things of Kolhapur. 13

2.25 Self Help Groups Movement In Kolhapur District:

In Kolhapur District, Banks alongwith NABARD, DRDA, NGOs,

government agencies and KDCC the scope and functioning of the SHG

movement is ornamental. It has played a key role improving economic and social

status of women by introducing special programmes. Two special schemes have

been implemented viz. SHGs Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozagar Yojana (SGSY)

and Suvranjayanti Shahari Swarozgar Yojana(SJSRY). SGSY is launched to

provide self employment and economic empowerment to the rural poor on the

initiation of the ministry of Rural Development and to the Urban Poor under than

Urban Employment scheme. Other than SGSY organisation are specifically

created for social and economic upgradation of women.

In Kolhapur district by the end of 30-03- 2008 there were 38420 (9040 BPL

+ 29380 APL under SGSY) recorded. The saving of SHGs Rs.

11108.11(Rs.8361.19 lakhs of BPL and 29434 lakhs of APL) has been deposited

by the Kolhapur District. At present position of new established SHGs 3275(1236

BPL + 2039 APL) and SHGs bank linkages position is 1562 (831 BPL + 731 APL)

present in table no.2.10(a),(b).14



Table No-2.10(a) Kolhapur District SHGs Bank linkage Programme (30-03-2008)

Sr. No

District Qty. of SHGs

(1-04-99 to 31-04-08)

Kolhapur District SHGs Bank linkage Programme (1-04-99 to 31-04-08) Supply

of Per SHGs

BPL APL Total

BPL APL Total Group Amount Group Amount Group Amount

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Kolhapur 9040 29380 38420 4598 8361.19 24836 2746.92 29434 11108.11 37739

Source: DRDA, Zilha Parishad, Kolhapur, 2007-08.

Table No-2.10(b) Kolhapur District SHGs Bank linkage Programme (30-03-2008)

Establishment ( 1-04-2007 to 30-09-2008 )

Bank linkage ( 1-04-2007 to 30-09-2008 )

BPL APL Total BPL APL Total

1236 2039 3275 831 731 1562

Source: DRDA, Zilha Parishad, Kolhapur, 2007-08.

2.26 Taluka wise Performance SHG KDCC bank linkage programme in

Kolhapur district:

KDCC bank has played a crucial role in Kolhapur district. It acts as a link

between State Cooperative Banks and PACs. They do not lend directly to

individuals. RBI has given a special permission to KDCC bank to deal with SHGs.

It is really a milestone in the history of financial sector. It took the initiation to form

SHGs under the guidelines of the NABARD since 1997. The response of the

people in formation of SHGs and their working can be analysed with the help of

taluka wise performance. It is to be noted that the contribution of KDCC bank in

the growth of SHGs rather than SGSY is really striking. It is evident from the table

no.2.11.

Table reveals that the fact that Karvir, Hatkanagle, Shirol, Gadhinglaj,

Panhala, Shahuwadi, chandgad, Kagal, and Radhanagari have reveals

impressive growth of SHGs under the leadership of KDCC bank. Another

distinguishing feature is that the groups have collected self fund of Rs.6590.39

lakhs. It is really praise worthy. SHGs have given internal loan of members Rs.

6048.68 lakhs. 16024 groups have borrowed Rs. 1413.06 lakhs from KDCC

bank. The major portion of loans and advances is from Karveer and Hatkangale

taluka as it is centre of trade and commerce. Observing the recovery position in

all talukas it is satisfactory. About 3332 groups are identified as stable groups ‘A’

grade, 5233 as ‘B’ grade, 4816 ‘C’ grade and rest of group 5107 as ‘D’ grade. It

shown a less reveals a less qualitative improvement of SHGs.15





2.27 Bank wise Progress of SHGs Linkage Programme in Kolhapur District 2007-08:

The following table no. 2.12 reveals bank wise linkage of SHG-bank-

linkage in Kolhapur district. The table reveals that in Kolhapur district there are

total 26727 SHGs. Out of them; accounts of 19280 SHGs are in Kolhapur District

Central Cooperative Bank. It means KDCC Bank is at the highest position in the

work of SHG. It is followed by Bank of India at number two, State Bank of India at

number three and Bank of Maharashtra at number fourth. In this bank, account

namely 2996(BOI), 1897(SBI) and 1123(BOM) have been opened. The

contribution other banks is very less. Out of them banks share in the work of SHG

movement.

Along with bank gradation, the functioning 83.60% i.e. out of the 26731

SHG gradation and 16.40% progress in linkage. Out of 26731 SHGs, only

77.05% i.e. 20591 SHGs are bank linked. From beginning to end the medium of

SHGs saving amount of Rs.2776.92 lakhs and loan amount of Rs.1931.98 lakhs

has been disbursed banks to SHGs.16

Table No-2.12

Bank wise SHGs Linkage Programme in Kolhapur District 2007-08 Sr. No.

Name of the Bank SHG

formed Com/& Months

Cumulative Gradation

SHG linked

Amount Sanction

Amount O/S

1 Allahabad Bank 4 1 0 0 0 0

2 Bank of Baroda 322 220 86 54 54 48

3 Bank of India 2996 2349 2163 1857 444.64 286.81

4 Bank of Maharashtra 1123 995 516 770 245.37 151.79

5 State Bank of India 1897 1750 1650 1559 248 205

6 Ratnakar Bank Ltd 157 100 53 53 8.45 6

7 Dena Bank 409 274 244 121 38.66 24.14

8 Union Bank of India 174 129 67 64 27 20.18

9 Syndicate Bank 1 1 1 1 1.40 1.25

10 IDBI Bank 74 57 31 24 10.32 4.79

11 Federal Bank 14 12 12 3 0.75 0.60

12 Corporation Bank 29 29 1 1 0.25 0.07

13 Canara Bank 89 62 15 28 14.21 8.39

14 Central Bank of India 11 4 2 3 1.75 0.42

15 Oriental Bank of Commerce

2 1 1 1 0.40 0.35

16 Indian Bank 17 15 15 15 4.05 4.05

17 ICICI Bank Ltd 132 98 41 13 2.84 2.74

Total Commercial Bank 7451 6097 4898 4567 1102.09 764.58

18 KDCC Bank 19280 16818 17147 16024 1674.83 1167.42

Total All Banks 26731 22915 22045 20591 2776.92 1932

Source: Lead Bank of India Annual Report 2008-09, Kolhapur.



2.28 Year wise SHGs Credit linked in Kolhapur district:

Kolhapur district consists of Pune division. At the initiative of the divisional

commissioner, as a task force was constituted at the Divisional level with

NABARD, Banks and NGOs as member. Several meeting of task force were

conducted with participation of District Collectors, CEOs of Zilla Parishad and

Project Director of DRDAs and strategy of capacity building of SHGs was worked

out. The progress in linkage was reviewed from time to time in the meetings of

the Task Force. Similarly, District Level Task Forces were constituted. With

support from NABARD, large number capacity building programmes for SHGs

were conducted. All these efforts with positive response from the banks resulted

in steep increase in credit linkage of SHGs in Kolhapur district of during last four

years in the table 2.13 and graph no.1 speak about impact of these efforts. 17

Table No – 2.13

Year wise SHGs Credit linked in Kolhapur district

Sr.No. Years SHGs Credit linked SGR

1 Upto 1997 12 0.00

2 1997-1998 5 -0.58

3 1998-1999 10 1.00

4 1999-2000 9 -0.10

5 2000-2001 6 -0.33

6 2001-2002 271 44.17

7 2002-2003 346 0.28

8 2003-2004 546 0.58

9 2004-2005 2070 2.79

10 2005-2006 5277 1.55

11 2006-2007 5842 0.11

12 2007-2008 5976 0.02

Total 20370 Source: Compiled by NABARD Maharashtra Regional office, Pune, Statistical

Statements on SHG Bank linkage programme 2007-08, pp.47



2.29 KDCC Bank Year wise Refinance Kolhapur District:

During the year 2007-08, NABARD extended refinance to the participating

banks to the tune of Rs. 265.24 crore. Cumulative refinance providing by

NABARD to banks in Kolhapur district up to 31 March 2008 reached to Rs.

991.687 crore in reveal that table no 2.14. 18

Table No- 2.14

KDCC Bank Year Wise Refinance Kolhapur District

Sr. No. Years SHGs Refinance

1 Upto 1997 0 2 1997-1998 0

3 1998-1999 0 4 1999-2000 0 5 2000-2001 0

6 2001-2002 3.74

7 2002-2003 15.46 8 2003-2004 3.76 9 2004-2005 40.08

10 2005-2006 188.4

11 2006-2007 395.01 12 2007-2008 265.24 Total (31-03-2008) 991.687

Source: Compiled by NABARD Maharashtra Regional office, Pune, Statistical Statements on SHG Bank linkage programme 2007-08, pp48.

2.30 Promotional Programme Statement as on 31-03-09 Grant to SHPI:

Expansion of SHG bank linkage programme depends on promotion to

good quality SHGs. Keeping this in view; NAABARD provides grant assistance to



various partners like NGOs, Banks, Farmers Clubs and Individual Rural

Volunteers etc. as Self Help Promoting Institutions (SHPI). This leads to creation

good quality stock to SHGs and ultimately fast expansion of credit linkage. The

support given by the NABARD in Kolhapur District is given in the following

paragraphs.

i) NGOs as SHPI :

NABARD provides grant assistance to NGOs for formation and credit

linkage of SHGs. NABARD sanctioned grant of Rs. 4600000 to NGOs and

disbursed Rs.2030150. Cumulatively 8 NGOs in the Kolhapur district have been

sanctioned grants. NGOs promoted 1432 SHGs, with bank account 1428 SHGs

and linked to bank 806 SHGs.

ii) DCCBs as SHPI :

NABARD provides grant assistance to DCCBs to work credit linkage of

SHGs. NABARD sanctioned grant of Rs. 350000 to NGOs and disbursed

Rs.350000. Cumulatively 1 DCCB in the Kolhapur district have been sanctioned

grants. DCCB promoted 500 SHGs, with bank account 500 SHGs and linked to

bank 500 SHGs.

iii) IRV as SHPI:

NABARD provides grant assistance to IRV for formation and credit linkage

of SHGs. NABARD sanctioned grant of Rs.650000 and released grand of

Rs.259775. This IRVs promoted 318 SHGs, bank a/c opening 318 and Bank

linked 158 SHGs.

iv) RRBs as SHPI :

NABARD provides grant assistance to RRBs to work credit linkage of

SHGs. NABARD sanctioned grant of Rs. 635000 to RRBs and disbursed Rs.

160191. Cumulatively 2 RRBs in the Kolhapur district have been sanctioned

grants. These RRBs promoted 300 SHGs, bank a/c opening 300 and Bank linked

300 SHGs.



V) Urban Cooperative Bank as SHPI:

NABARD provides grant assistance to Urban Cooperative Bank for

formation and credit linkage of SHGs. NABARD sanctioned grant provide in

Maharashtra but not any one work Urban Cooperative Bank in Kolhapur district.

NABARD provides grant assistance sanctioned total amount of Rs.

6235000 to the Kolhapur district and total disbursed amount of Rs. 2800116.

These all SHPI promoted 2550 SHGs, bank a/c opening 2546 and Bank linked

1764 SHGs in the year 2008-09. 19

Table No- 2.15 Promotional Programme Statement as on 31-03-09 Grant to SHPI

Sr. No.

Name of the NGO

Grant Sanctioned

(Rs.)

Grant Released

(Rs.)

No of SHGs

Prom- oted

With SB/a/c

Credit linked

i) NGOs as SHIP

1 Santaram Patil vikas trust, Kolhapur 400000 400000 225 225 200

2 Srustti Gram Krishi Vikas Santha, Kolhapur

300000 297300 104 104 102

3 Aman Nagari Vikas Santh, Ichalkaranji

300000 191400 148 148 100

4 Shri.Shantaram Patil Charetable Trust, Kolhapur

1500000 500500 500 497 266

5 Jyoti Vikas Mahila Santha 150000 15000 41 41 6

6 Shyam Swayamsevi Santha 150000 37050 67 67 20

7 Uva Gramin Vikas Santha 300000 30000 0 0 0

8 Srusti Gram Krishi Vikas Santha-II 1500000 558900 347 346 112

Total-A 4600000 2030150 1432 1428 806

ii) DCCBs as SHPI

1 Kolhapur DCCB ltd. -I 350000 350000 500 500 500

Total -B 350000 350000 500 500 500

iii) IRV as SHPI

1 Ratnagiri Sindhudurg Gramin Bank-1 (RRBs)*

650000 259775 318 318 158

Total -C 650000 259775 318 318 158

iv) RRBs as SHPI

1 Ratnagi Sindhururg Gra.Bk.I* 155000 90191 300 300 300

2 Ratnagi Sindhururg Gra.Bk.II* 480000 70000 0 0 0

Total –D 635000 160191 300 300 300

V) Urban Cooperative Bank as SHPI

1 Urban Cooperative Bank 0 0 0 0 0 Total –E 0 0 0 0 0

Total of Col. A+B+C+D+E 6235000 2800116 2550 2546 1764

Source: Complied by NABARD Maharashtra Regional office, Pune, Statistical Statements on SHG Bank linkage programme 2007-08, pp.52 to 60. * This indicate that RRBs is working in Rantnagiri, Sindhudurg & Kolhapur district.



References :

1) Kolhapur District Gazette, Maharashtra State, Dec-2006, pp. 63,64

2) Kolhapur District Census 2001

3) Kolhapur District Gazette, Maharashtra State, Dec-2006.

4) District Statistically Handbook, 2005, ZP, Kolhapur.

5) ibid,

6) ibid

7) Kolhapur District Census 2001.

8) Socio-Economic Survey Report of Kolhapur district, 2006-07.

9) ibid

10) Bhosale S.C., Disaggregation of District Income by Cropping Pattern: A

Case Study of Sugarcane in Kolhapur District, Shivaji University, Kolhapur,

M.Phil., dissertation. July-2008.

11) Socio-Economic Survey Report of Kolhapur district, 2006-07

12) Vasantdada Sugar Institute July-2008 bulletin, pp.3, at available on

www.vsisugar.com

13) Socio-Economic Survey Report of Kolhapur district, 2006-07.

14) DRDA, Zilha Parishad, Kolhapur, 2007-08.

15) KDCC bank Kolhapur, 31-03-2008.

16) Lead Bank of India Annual Report 2008-09.

17) NABARD Maharashtra Regional office, Pune, Statistical Statements on SHG

Bank linkage programme 2007-08, pp.47

18) ibid, pp.48.

19) ibid, pp. 52-60.

Table NO-2.11

Taluka wise Performance SHGs Bank linkage 31-03-2008 (Rs. Lakh)

Sr.

N0.

Name of the Taluka

To

tal N

o. o

f S

HG

s

Qu

an

tity

of

tota

l

Mem

bers

Ow

ned

fu

nd

s

by S

HG

s

Inte

rnal

loan

31-03-08 till sanction

01-04-07 to 31-03-08 sanction

No

. o

f S

HG

s

Bo

rro

we

d

Lo

an

fro

m

KD

DC

Ban

k

1-04-08 to 31-3-08

distributed loan

Reco

very

of

loa

ns

over

du

es

Gradation

Sav

ing

am

ou

nt

Rem

ain

ing

am

ou

nt

No. of SHGs loan

sanctioned

Amount

No. of SHGs loan

sanctioned

Amount No. of SHGs

Amount A B C D

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

1. Ajara 754 15287 136.28 132.77 729 45.78 307 16.21 716 40.12 307 16.21 9.28 0.11 193 105 228 228 17.96 754

2. Bhudargad 680 8990 167.15 160.66 783 48.38 228 14.52 742 46.36 228 14.52 16.58 0.43 137 161 282 100 11.77 680

3. Chandgad 1320 19800 367.54 332.62 1368 130.4 413 30.26 1343 126.94 413 30.26 35.33 0.02 138 426 477 243 35.12 1320

4. Gadhinglaj 1911 15487 169.42 151 809 19.03 325 32.31 796 67.96 325 32.31 10.78 - 218 156 214 323 19.68 1911

5. Gaganbavada

276 2404 100.60 92.57 265 69.3 46 1.79 256 18.2 46 1.49 12.61 1.05 73 72 81 50 6.25 276

6. Hatkangale 3362 56049 1887.37 1718.38 2433 305.61 632 88.11 2373 291.17 632 88.11 60.30 3.13 547 951 165 707 122.12 3362

7. Karvir East 2273 38641 901.86 844.63 1824 237.83 582 60.74 1809 235.22 582 60.74 130.49 2.77 143 859 842 629 60.95 2273

8. Kavir West 1797 19695 999.25 938.28 1867 259.87 747 82.63 1835 256.54 747 82.63 49.55 0.37 193 617 501 486 60.49 1797

9. Kagal 1313 32346 428.83 461.58 1180 98.87 313 33.28 1140 92.1 313 33.28 20.77 0.53 486 295 315 217 33.52 1313

10. Panhala 1842 33156 382.77 253.58 1453 124.99 443 34.79 1391 118.85 443 34.79 42.25 0.12 284 387 429 742 48.05 1842

11.Radhanagari

1147 17996 200.12 182.63 1106 92.22 318 29.04 1102 79.72 318 29.04 14.70 0.07 417 265 237 264 21.78 1147

12. Shahuwadi 1423 21345 83.42 55.51 721 48.08 196 52.03 707 39.88 196 12.03 7.80 0.37 85 283 457 598 28.03 1423

13. Shirol 2182 38809 765.78 724.47 1856 194.47 597 34.28 1814 194.95 596 62.99 30.15 0.05 418 656 588 520 49.29 2182

Total 20280 320005 6590.39 6048.68 16394 1674.83 5147 475.71 16024 1413.06 5146 498.4 440.59 9.02 3332 5233 4816 5107 515.01 20280

Source: Kolhapur District Central Cooperative Bank ltd. Kolhapur 31-03-08

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