CHAPTER IITECHNICAL ASPECTEngaging into business requires many preparations and research. Many factors must be considered before making decisions in implementing it. Every detail of the business and the product should be well planned. Hence, it is imperative to study the technical aspect of the enterprise well.Technical aspect shows and discusses the primary operation flows and activities of the proposed project. Also, it identifies whether the product offered can be produced in the desired quantity at its minimum cost.PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONThe proposed product is a deodorant. It is made up of coconut oil, baking soda, and corn starch. Studies on individuals with dry skin show that coconut oil can improve the moisture and lipid content of the skin. It acts as an effective moisturizer on all types of skin, including dark underarm. Coconut oil is antibacterial, and as a result, may help to fight the bacteria that cause underarms to smell after you sweat. According to Siegfried Gursche in the book "Coconut Oil: Discover the Key to Vibrant Health," at a hospital in the Philippines, coconut oil has been used on patients who had skin conditions including burns, unidentified brown spots and psoriasis. The antibacterial and antiviral properties of lauric acid, a component of coconut oil, may kill the bacteria that flourish in warm, moist areas of the skin and produce odor. Coconut oil as a result, is a safe solution for nourishing damaged skin, has an inflammatory effect, whitens dark underarm and lessens the odor. We also use Baking Soda and Cornstarch that have different natural deodorizing properties. Both are a great additive to natural deodorant because they help decrease odor by increasing the pH of sweat, making it less hospitable to odor causing bacteria. It is interesting to note that for those who have typically dark armpit skin, baking soda is often used as one of the remedies to lighten the skin. On the other hand, cornstarch is extremely absorbent and is very useful in cases of excessive perspiration.Our deodorant product is safe, affordable and convenient with the health benefits the users can have. To use the product, put a small amount on your finger then apply on your underarms every day. Do not use on broken skin. If irritation occurs, discontinue use. PRODUCTION FLOWThe production flow is necessary for understanding the production process. This will provide a clear explanation of every phase of the process. The actual production process of the product is shown in Figure 1.Raw Materials ProcurementThe owner already contacted different suppliers for the delivery of the Raw materials. First, the delivery of the coconut will be 60 pieces per day which will be delivered by Manong Lito from his Sari-sari Store situated in Compostela Public Market where the production site is located. The delivery of three sacks of baking soda and cornstarch will be done monthly by Ong Kin King Enterprise. There will be a procurement of two 500ml bottles of lavender essential oil at Somera Store located at Ayala Center Cebu by the owner on a monthly basis as well. Shredding the CoconutSplit one coconut into half and drain the milky liquid of the coconut. Using the coconut grater, the coconut shells that contain the coconut meat are held towards the ridged part of the grater and it will be automatically grated.Extracting the Coconut MilkAs to the measurement of the water, it should be one cup for every one piece of coconut (1:1). Since we will be using 60 pieces per day, 15 liters of warm water will be added to the shredded coconut. Using the strainer and hand gloves, squeeze directly over a bowl. Repeat until all of the grated coconuts has been squeezed. FilteringTo insure that no shredded coconut is mixed with the milk, filtering is needed. Using the strainer, pour the coconut milk over another container with a lid. Repeat procedure until all coconut milk has been filtered.

Converting the Coconut Milk into OilTo make the coconut oil, boil the coconut milk. Place it in a skillet on a gas burner and set the heat to medium-high. Let it simmer and cook, stirring continuously, awaiting for the water to evaporate and the cream is undergoing separation from the oil and turning brown.Mixing with Other IngredientsTo make 120 units of a 20g deodorant, combine 7.5 kg of cornstarch and 7.5 kg of baking soda in a bowl. Mix well. Add 15 liters of coconut oil and stir until all mixtures are smooth. Lastly, pour 240 drops of lavender essential oil, do it at a very slow speed as possible until achieved the desired results.Packaging and StoringThe 20g cylindrical containers will be filled with the finished mixture and will be ready for distribution. There will be a yield of 120 units a day.

Figure 1Production Flow

RAW MATERIALSThe determination of the source of raw materials is one of the principal activities during the pre-operating period. This is necessary to acquire quality materials at minimum cost.The project shall obtain the coconut from Manong Litos Sari-sari Store located at Compostela Public Market, the lavender essential oil from Somera Located at: Level 1, Ayala Center Cebu, and the cornstarch and baking soda can be obtained from Ong Kin King Enterprise on a per kilo basis.

CoconutA coconut is a huge, brown, hard-shelled coconut tree seed, consisting of opaque-white flesh enclosing a partly liquid-filled inner cavity. Its flesh is edible, generally shredded and utilized in cuisine and confection or for drawing out coconut oil which is composed of medium chain fatty acids (or Triglyerides) which help keep skin smooth and moisturized by trapping the escaping moisture from pores. Coconut oil may be useful as a deodorant because it is antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral and antimicrobial.Baking SodaA white glassy compound, NaHCO3, with a marginally alkaline taste, also called (bicarbonate of soda, sodium bicarbonate). These ingredients are known for its odor eliminating effects, it neutralizes acids and odor causing bacteria in the body. As a bonus it can also help lighten skin in darkened armpits.CornstarchStarch prepared from corn kernels, utilized industrially and as a sauce thickener in cuisine. It is also known to absorb wetness in underarms.

Lavender Essential OilLavender oil, which has long been used in the production of perfume, can also be utilized in aromatherapy. The scent has a calming effect which possibly aid in reducing anxiety and stress and contributory in relaxation. It is amazing for skincare owing to its antifungal and antibacterial aspect which help to lessen blemishes and speed up the healing process. Lavender essential oil is utilized in many skin problem treatments. This aromatic plant is broadly used in cosmetics and perfumes because of diversity in skin benefits.

Tools, machineries and EquipmentThese are one of the most important things in order for the business to operate. It facilitates in transforming raw materials into a finished product.

Measuring SpoonsThe measuring spoons are used for accurate measurement of the coconut oil, baking soda, cornstarch & beeswax.

BowlsA round, open-top container where the baking soda and cornstarch was placed.

SkilletIs used in the process of converting the coconut milk into oil.

Hand GlovesIt is used for protection of the hands while performing tasks.

StrainerIs used in separating unwanted elements from the coconut oil.

Storage JarA cylindrical container with a wide mouth or opening that is used to store the coconut oil.

CasseroleIs used in mixing all the ingredients.

LadleA long-handled utensil used to stir the coconutmilk to turn into coconut oil.

MacheteIs used for breaking or opening the coconut.

Deodorant Bottles Is where the coconut oil deodorant will be placed.

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Coconut Grater MachineA machine that is used in producing small, fine gratings of coconut meat.

Cooking StoveIt is used in cooking the coconut milk to convert into oil.

Gas TankA safe container withflammablefluids usedfor the cooking stove25 | Page

PRODUCTION CAPACITYBusiness is not only about making sales. The implementer needs to be very well acquainted with the potential of one's business so to accommodate the demands of the marketplace. One factor that involves substantial consideration is the production capacity. "Production capacity" is the quantity of production using the available resources in aspecifictime period. Given the time-frame described above, the proposed project can produce 120 units of 20g container of Coconut Oil Deodorant per day, respectively.Table 2 shows the capacity of the proposed product to for five years. In the first year, the normal business operation will start by July 2015. To compute for the first year, the daily production capacity of 120 units of 20g deodorant is multiplied by the number of working days from July to December. So, 120 units would be multiplied by 120 operating days which would have a production capacity of 14, 400 units during the first year. In the succeeding years, 120 units would be multiplied by 240 working days annually.

Table 2Production ScheduleTimeActivitiesSpan

8:00-8:30amDelivery of Raw Materials (Coconut)30mins.

8:30-9:30amShredding of Coconut1hr

9:30-10:30amExtracting the Coconut Milk1hr

10:30-11:00amFiltering30mins.

11:00-12:30nnLUNCH BREAK1hr and 30mins.

12:30-2:30pmConverting the Coconut Milk into Oil3hrs

2:30-3:30pmMixing with Other Ingredients1hr

3:30-5:00pmPackaging1hr and 30mins.

Table 3Production Capacity for Five YearsYear Packing sizeDailyMonthlyAnnually

Units producedNo. of working days monthlyUnits ProducedNo. of working days annuallyUnits produced

201520g120 units20 days2, 400 units120 days14, 400 units

2016-201920g120 units20 days2, 400 units240 days28, 800 units

PRODUCTION LOCATIONThe location of the production site is a vital key to successful operations. Several factors need to be considered in the choice of the production site. A clean and peaceful area, the proximity of raw materials and the target market have been taken into account in the recommendation of the site.The proposed plant site will be located at MQAE Residences, HikaPoblacion, Compostela, Cebu. The size of the area to be rented is 49 square meters. (rental price of Php 8,000, two months advance, two months deposit)The site is being recommended because it is close to the sources of raw materials and would require a minimum cost of delivery to the target market.

Figure 2Production Location

PRODUCTION SITE LAYOUTLayout is a graphic drawing or illustration that shows the topographic setting & physical arrangements that organized the facilities used in the business enterprise.A layout should be adequately designed to achieve optimum use of the place as well as allows employees to carry out their task conveniently and fast.

Figure 3Production Site LayoutScale 1:100

STORAGE AREA FOR TOOLS AND RAW MATERIALSPRODUCTION AREATOILETSOFFICESTORAGE AREA FOR FINISHED GOODSPACKING AREASHELVES/DISPLAY AREA5.06251.6251.6251.6251.6251.6253.50.750.3756.534.625

ConvertingMixingShreddingExtractingFiltering

UTILITIESUtilities are essential services that a business must be able to rely upon in order to succeed. Public Utilities provide a valuable commodity or service, such as water, electricity, transportation, or communication, to the public. It gives benefits in the business operation respectively in the production of proposed product and for operability and profitability.Water SupplyIt is one of the primary utility requirements of our deodorant business. It will be use for cleaning the hands before and after the production of our deodorant which we named as CocoDeo, used for the extraction of the coconut milk, washing of other raw materials and also for the tools used. The source of our water will be the Metropolitan Cebu Water District (MCWD) in order to assure a good water supply for the performance of every task and to ensure the safety of our valued buyers.ElectricityIt will be necessary for the proper and smooth operation of our business. This will also set the atmosphere of the store for its proper lighting, ventilation and ambience. Since the place is situated in the building, applying for one is not necessary. The electricity will be provided by the Visayan Electric Company (VECO).TelecommunicationsTelecommunications is a mode of communication that is thought to be necessitous to the extent of the implementer's business which is called Coco Deo, as one of latest in the marketplace, must have these so called telecommunications for it to grasp a unambiguous and right negotiation with suppliers and notably with the clients in relation to their comments, suggestions, and recommendations that can aid and contribute to the growth, development, and profitability of the business. The project will have its communication in the form of landline and it will be provided by Philippine Long Distance Telephone Co. (PLDT).FuelAs what Wikipedia define, it is a combustible combination of hydrocarbon gases utilized as a fuel in heating or cooking equipment and vehicles. The implementer will be using this for cooking purposes and as well as for vehicle fuel. As for the cooking, this will be used in heating the coconut milk in order to convert it into coconut oil. We will also be using this to fuel our vehicles which will be used in picking up the purchased materials and supplies needed and also for the delivery of our finish product to the different distributor, since it is more economical than petrol, diesel and other source of power.

WASTE MANAGEMENT DISPOSALOne of the main goals of our study is not just to prioritize the safety and satisfaction of our customers but also to utilize the raw materials that we will be using. Through utilization we can create another product or expand a new business that would surely bring another source of income. Since our product is all about coconut oil deodorant, we will be making use of the coconut fruit itself. The first part of it is the coconut husk, instead of just throwing it we can sell it to those people who are engaged in crafting and charcoal making. The second thing is the coconut water that will be extracted; it will be sold to interested buyers. And for the grated coconut, it can be sold to those who go for livestock raising, it has been said that grated coconut can be a substitute for their feeds. All spilled out residues and ingredients will be cleaned and disposed of immediately. The owners will also strictly implement waste segregation by providing trash bins for biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes inside the production area as well as inside the store since the production area and the store are just in one place. These shall be disposed every day.At the end of the day, the workers should observe proper waste disposal management. They should always keep their work place clean and orderly. Tools and equipment used should be cleaned accordingly so as to avoid any contamination of the product. The owners should also examine the workplace every day before closing and opening the store. Everyone is encouraged to comply strictly with the set of standards in cleanliness specifically with the proper disposal and management of waste.