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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. The Background of The Study
Human being can’t be separated with language. It plays a great part of human life,
because through language we can communicate each other, express our feelings, ideas,
emotion, reaction and giving or looking for information, etc. This is supported by Clark
& Clark ( 1977 : 25 ) who states that the fundamental function of language is
communication which involves three main elements namely a speaker, a listener, and a
signaling system. Where the definition of communication it self is a process whereby
information is encoded and imparted by a sender to a receiver via a channel or medium
( signaling system ).
Furthermore, the signaling system must be one that both of speaker and listener
understand each other. It shows human communicate through the same language they use
to avoid different ideas. Because when two people speak in different language, probably
it will influence a misunderstanding and finally the communication doesn’t run well.
In the world of information today, as the development of technology, there are
two forms of guidance or instructions for people to share or to get information to be
believed, without get people come to the information takes places. Those are : written
form whether it is magazine or newspaper and the other is spoken form whether it is
named broadcasting.
Broadcasting plays an important role in delivering many kinds of information and
it has become a key source of news especially for people. That is way the effectiveness in
1
shaping sentences is very important for getting the listeners to stay tune on. Since the
information broadcasted is spoken language which heard then disappear. It is quite
different with written language where it can reread to get the ideas.
Generally, broadcasting is differentiated into two. They are : Radio and
Television which serves theirs own interesting program.
Television as a part of broadcasting, is the most favorite one which used to
communicate, to give, and to share information. Since it broadcasts its programs without
any distance as long as the area can receive its channel. It also provide pictures of
programs to its watchers so it seem more reality.
One of many kinds of Television program is Indonesia This Morning, which
present daily news in English, and actually this is the main point as the object of this
study.
News extremely needs sentences, paragraph and even whole text to grab the
listener’s attention and get them interest enough to want to know more. In order to
stimulate the viewer’s interest positively of news in broadcasting, so the sentences should
be arranged as good as possible, brief, clear and uncomplicated in explanation and in
language exploration.
Since news in Indonesia This Morning is delivered through spoken language
which heard then disappear, Sometimes the listeners find difficulties to understand the
whole information of the news in English especially in broadcasting, more ever they have
less knowledge about the types of sentences.
e.g. The cat lived in the backyard, but the dog, who knew he was the superior, lived
inside the house.
2
Probably, confusion comes from complex sentence and compound-complex sentence.
From the example above, the most important idea delivered is the cat lived in the
backyard, and the dog lived inside the house. But it is probably, a listener focuses on he
was the superior as the most important idea delivered in this sentence. That is way, it is
very useful to study types of sentences.
The researcher is interested in analyzing the types of sentences in news because
so far the researcher found that there were a few study on types of sentences but only in
reading text. For example the study which made by Respin Siburian, student of language
and arts faculty 2002. So the researcher wants to find out the types of sentences in spoken
language. Here the news sentences will be analyzed based on number of full predication
which interpreted by Frank.
1.2. The Problems of the Study
The problems of the study are formulated as the following :
1. what types of sentences are used in news in Indonesia This Morning?
2. which types of sentences is the most dominant used in news in Indonesia This
Morning?
1.3. The Scope of the Study
Sentence is defined by meaning and function. Because they are too large to
analyze all so the researcher will limit this study to the types of sentences based on
number of full predication.
3
1.4. The Objectives of The Study
The objectives of this study are described as the following :
1. to describe the types of sentences used in news in Indonesia This Morning
2. to find out the most dominant types of sentences used in news in Indonesia This
Morning.
1.5. The Significance of The Study
After finishing this study, the researcher expects that the result will be useful for:
1. presenters or reporters in broadcasting especially in English news program, how
to present news with good sentences
2. the listeners of news program, especially Indonesia This Morning in order they
can learn the type of sentences
3. students of English Department in increasing their knowledge about the type of
sentences especially used in news.
4
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Sentences
In daily life, we use sentences in speaking and writing to inform, convey our
ideas, feeling, desire, perception to other people.
The term of sentence is derived from Latin sententia, which literally meant “
feeling or opinion ” Verspoor ( 2000 : 33). It means that a sentence is an utterance used to
express a feeling or opinion.
Orthographically, a sentence begins with a capital letter and is terminated by full
stop. The same thing said by Webster ( 1981 : 1653 ) says that sentence is a word or
group of words; usually containing a subject and predicate beginning with a capital letter
and ending with and end mark ( period, of suspension ). It is clear that the first letter in a
sentence should be started by a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or
exclamation mark, depends to its sentence.
Bhatia ( 2000:5 ) clarifies that there are two main parts of a sentence, they are :
1) The Subject.
Part of a sentence about which something is said. The subject maybe a
person, place or thing. Simply, subject is the doer of the action or
something is being told.
2) The Predicate
Part of sentence which is said about the subject. It can be just a single
word or a number of words.
5
e.g :
- Rain falls.
S P
- Fithra sleeps.
S P
- Mary will go to Jakarta
S P
Frank ( 1972 : 220 ) defines sentence in two ways. That is by meaning and by
function.
1. By meaning.
According to this definition, a sentence is a “ complete thought ”.
2. By Function.
According to this definition, a sentence consists of a Subject and Predicate.
This definition is more satisfactory because it is actually possible to identify
the structural functions of subject and predicate in a sentence.
The definition above can be simpler that a sentence is a group of words that
consisting subject plus predicate with a finite verb and makes full sense.
Sentences are classified in two kinds, by types ( some says purpose ), and by the
number of formal predication as stated by Frank ( 1972 : 220 )
2.1.1. Classification of Sentences by types ( meaning, purpose )
When people do communication, they do it for various reasons. The reasons can
be to inform someone about something, to get information from someone, to get someone
to do something or to express one’s attitude about
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something. Based on these reasons or purposes, Frank clarifies sentences into four types,
namely Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamatory Sentence.
1. Declarative Sentences ( Statement )
Declarative sentence is a sentence used to state something, give information. It is
also called assertive. It is the most common type , commonly used to makes a statement.
And to show that one has no doubt and usually end with a full stop.
e.g :
- I am going home.
- The lamp is above the table.
- The child ate his dinner.
2. Interrogative Sentences ( Questions )
An interrogative sentence is used to request or seek information. The sentence
ends with a question mark in writing and an intonation in speaking.
e.g :
- When did you arrive ?
- Did the child eat his dinner ?
- Are you a teacher?
3. Imperative Sentences ( Commands, Request )
An Imperative sentence gives a direct command to someone to do something. An
imperative sentence only use predicate is expressed. It ends with a period or an
7
exclamation mark in writing, depends on how great the force command is and a drop in
pitch in speech.
e.g :
- Shut up!
- Go to work at 7.30 tomorrow morning.
- Clean the room please.
4. Exclamatory Sentences ( Exclamations )
An Exclamation generally a more emphatic form of statement. It conveys a strong
emotion about something. The sentences begin with what or how plus a predicate and
marked with an exclamation mark at the end.
e.g :
- What a wonderful day this is !
- How beautiful she is !
- What a clever boy you are!
2.1.2. Classification of Sentences by Number of Full of Predications
In this case, The classification of sentences is based on the number and kind of
clauses which used in sentence. Clause expresses a whole event or situation with a
subject and a predicate Verspoor ( 2000 : 34 ). There are two kinds of clauses, namely
independent and dependent clauses. Independent clause is a full predication can stand
alone as a sentence. In contrast, dependent clause can’t. it depends on independent clause.
8
According to this, sentences are divided into four types; namely : Simple,
Compound, Complex, and Compound - Complex Sentence.
1. Simple Sentence.
A simple Sentence consists of one main clause ( independent clause ) only with
no dependent clause. It describes one thing or idea only with express a complete thought.
e.g :
- Bob and Sue went to the store.
- The girl ran into her bedroom.
- My father bought me a new car yesterday.
2. Compound Sentence
According to Allsopp (1963 : 21 ) a compound sentence consists of two or more
simple sentences joined by co-coordinating conjunctions. The two or more independent
clause ( main clauses ) express related ideas. Each of that independent clause can stand
alone and has a complete idea.
The two independent clauses in a compound sentence joined by coordinating
conjunctions ( and, or, for, but, nor, so ,yet ) or by punctuation or both of them. There are
also a few variations on these coordinate conjunctions, consisting of a coordinate
conjunction combined with another word or phrase, called correlative conjunctions.
Verspoor ( 2000:36 ) use the term coordinator to refer to both types of conjunction at
once.
9
Coordinators
Coordinate conjunctions Correlative conjunctions
and for both…and
but so not only…but also
or yet
nor
either…or
neither…nor
The following examples show the coordinators in bold word, to connect the two clauses.
- The negotiations were successful, so the diplomats returned to their homes.
( the sentence consist of two main clause where both clauses are independent
and may stand on their own without miss its idea.. They can be “ The
negotiations were successful ”, “ The diplomats returned to their homes ”. )
The two are joined by conjunction so to connect these two clauses.
- I’ve tried all day, but I still get nothing.
( the two sentence joined by conjunction but. They can stand alone without
miss its idea. “ I’ve tried all day ”. “ I still get nothing ”.
3. Complex Sentence
A complex sentence contains an independent clause ( main clause ) and one or
more subordinate ( dependent ) clauses and the subordinate clause is part of the whole
sentence said Hasibuan ( 1996:201 ). The clauses are connected through either a
subordinator or a relative pronoun.
10
The difference between a compound and complex sentence is that in a compound
sentence, both parts are really just simple, independent clauses. In a complex sentence,
the dependent clause can’t stand on its own and functions as a ( subject, object, adverbial
or attribute ) of the main clause.
Here are the common subordinators used :
After how (ever) so that where(ever)
Although if that whether
As(if)(though) in order that though while
Because in spite of unless who(m)(ever)
During once until whose
Even rather than what(ever)
Though since when(ever)
Here are the examples of complex sentences :
- We went via Birmingham in order to save time.
( the main clause of that sentence is we went via Birmingham, which become the
most important idea, while the less, in order to save time, is dependent clause which
become the less important idea of the sentence).
- Because I woke up late, I missed the bus.
( the idea that want to emphasize in this sentence is I missed the bus, while
because I woke up late is just the less important idea, as the reason of the main
clause).
11
4. Compound – Complex Sentence
A compound – Complex sentence is a sentence consists of at least two main
clauses and at least one subordinate clause called as Compound – Complex Sentence said
Morley ( 2000 : 69 ).
e.g:
- Gene thought that Finny wanted venerability, but Finny, who did not care,
thought that he was just being a friend.
( the independent clauses of that sentence are : Gene thought that Finny
wanted venerability. Finny thought that he was just being friend. While the
dependent clause is who did not care.
2.2 Broadcasting
Broadcasting plays a great role in our life especially in delivering information. It
forms a very large segment of the mass media. Broadcasting is a part of mass media
which belong to electronic media.
Broadcasting transmits its program to audience by audio or video signals. It has a
large number of audience. The audience may be everyone, depends on its program. It
means
Broadcasting include radio and television. Radio was the first medium for
broadcasting, which transmit its program by audio only. It means radio broadcasting
transmits its program by sound only without any picture. Later, as the development
Television comes with audio visual, means it transmits program with both of sound and
12
picture, and displaced radio and newspaper as the main news source. But it doesn’t mean
that the other mass media can’t be the source of news.
2.2.1 Broadcasting Language
Each media has specific characteristic according to types of media itself.
Broadcasting and printed has differences in using language in delivering information in
news, since the medium of them is different. Printed media use newspaper, magazine, etc
to inform the news where people read it to get the information, while broadcasting
delivers the information through direct way, spoken. There fore, Words and sentences in
news must be effective and efficient in deliver information(word economy). It means that
redundancy of sentences, complex sentences, and uncommon vocabulary must be
avoided, so it is easier for viewers to understand news. This is supported by
Maessener(1990 :47) who said there are some principles in shaping news sentences in
broadcasting since the strict time limits observed. They are :
a. tighten your sentences, this basically means that you shouldn’t waste words.
Eg. The Minister of Public Works said it would have been impossible to have chosen a
better site than the Pudu area for the central bank building.
Become : The Minister of Public Works says Pudu area is the right choice of site for
central bank building.
b. avoid needless repetition, don’t say the same thing twice.
Eg. It’s a true fact.
c. avoid subordinate clauses, they are rarely used in everyday conversation. Avoid the
clumsy “which” clause. The easy way out is to split the sentence in two.
13
Eg. All one hundred men in the boiler making section of Millers limited, who have been
on strike for a fortnight in protest again the dismissal of a welder, reported for work this
morning.
Become : All one hundred men in the boiler making section of Millers limited reported
for work this morning. They have been on strike for a fortnight in protest against
dismissal of a welder.
d. avoid starting a sentence with a participle.
e. the simpler the syntax of a sentence, the better.
2.3 Television
Television as a medium of communication of reality through space is the most
effective means of mass communication known to mankind. It because of television
broadcasts with sound and picture so make it seem more reality. Nowadays, It is not a
luxurious thing anymore. Because almost every family has it.
The New Book of Knowledge ( 2005:61 ) says, Originally, the word television is
derived from Greek, “ tele” and mixed Latin, “ visio ” . It means to see from far off. That
statement tells us that by Television we can get know about something which place is far
from our environment.
In the other hand in Encyclopedia ( 1983 : 870 ), television is a conversion of a
scene in motion with its accompanying sounds into an electrical signal, transmission of
the signal and its reconvention into visible and audible images by a receiver.
That definition says television serves its program with audiovisual which provide
sounds and picture, so we can see the picture and hear what is talking about. It makes the
14
information broadcasted seem more reality and indicates people believe with the news.
People just stay tune on certain program in order to get information.
2.3.1 National and Private Television
Indonesian television station has been standing since 1962. The first station is
TVRI. People have staid tune on one channel only for 27 years, TVRI. TVRI as the first
channel and the oldest one is the only one station belong to national television. Its first
program was the anniversary of Indonesian independence day – 17 in Jakarta. At that
time it was still monochromatic ( black and white ).
Today, television stations have been increasing continuously. There are so many
private television broadcast its own interesting program . The first private television is
RCTI, which stood in 1989. Then, TPI, SCTV, ANTV, INDOSIAR, METRO TV, TV7,
TRANS TV, LATIVI, GLOBAL TV, etc come to broadcast their program.
Metro TV as one of popular private television especially with its news program,
was established on November 25th , 2000. It is owned by Mr.Surya Paloh. Mostly, it
broadcast news program, but it doesn’t mean there is no other interesting program beside
that in this channel.
2.3.2 Programs
Each of television station keep trying to offer the interesting programs to audience
in order the audience keep stay tune on their channel.
A program is an events that features a particular person or work or topic. It means
there are various programs, such as : news, music, tv series , reality show, etc.
15
Maesener ( 1985 : 20 ) says news is a new piece of information about a
significant and recent even that affects the listeners and is of interest to them. So, news
got to be new. It can be something happened recently, last, or what will happen. And it
also can be an event, idea or opinion.
“ Indonesia This Morning ” is one daily news program in Metro TV. It is
broadcasted at 7 a.m. It is delivered the news in English. It provides information from
various fields, such as economy, law, politic, music, etc.
16
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design
This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. Descriptive
qualitative method doesn’t intend to find new theory but to find new evidences to prove
the truth of the theory and sometimes the theory may change according to the conditions
of the field. Since this study is trying to describe and classify types of sentences found in
news in Indonesia This Morning. In this research, the study based on the phenomenon
which exist in the field without manipulated the data.
3.2 Population and Sample
3.2.1. Population
Population is the whole number of subjects or people under observation in a
research said Arikunto ( 1998 : 130 ). That definition means population is a group where
the researcher is interested in getting information.
The population of this research was taken from a month editions of Indonesia
This Morning daily news. There were 30 editions of Indonesia This Morning daily news
during June 2009 which issued in Metro TV everyday as the population.
3.2.2. Sample
Sample can be defined as a small part of population which selected as
observation. Arikunto suggests if the population consists of large number, the sample can
17
be taken between 10%-15%, or 20%-25% ( 1998 : 134 ).In this study, the researcher took
15% of the population as the sample. It was 5 editions broadcasted. Every edition of
Indonesia This Morning has several news delivered. In this case, from each edition of
sample was taken two news randomly. It means there were 10 news will be analyzed.
3.3 Technique of Collecting the Data
The data were collected through the following procedure :
1. listening and recording to the news “ Indonesia This Morning ” which
broadcasted every morning at 7 a.m.
2. listening to the recording of the news in order to get the transcript of the sentences
of news in Indonesia This Morning.
3. writing all the transcript of the sentences into papers.
3.4. Technique of Analyzing the Data
In analyzing the data, the writer applied some procedures. They were conducted
as follows:
1. reading through all the transcript of the sentences of news in Indonesia This
Morning.
2. identifying the types of sentences of each sentence based on the number of full
predication
3. classifying each types of sentences based on the number of full predication
4. counting the total number of each types of sentences
5. finding out the most dominant one, by using the formula
18
X = F N
Where : X : the percentage of each type F : frequency N : total number of types of sentences
19
CHAPTER IV
DATA AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data
As stated in the previous chapter, the data were obtained from the daily news
namely Indonesia This Morning. The data were collected randomly from a month edition
of Indonesia This Morning daily news, that was from June 2009 edition. There were 30
editions during the month. It was taken 5 editions broadcasted. Every edition of Indonesia
This Morning had several news. In this study, each edition was taken 2 news randomly.
The total of the news from each of the five news edition were 10 news. After
collecting the data, it was found 42 sentences represented from 10 news analyzed. They
were identified and classified to the types of sentences based on the number of full
predication. The data can be seen from the table below.
Table 1
No Titles of News Edition Sentences Percentage(%)
1 Pussycat dolls rock Jakarta 3 June 2009 5 11,91%
2 Ambalat latest 3 June 2009 4 9,52%
3 Manohara disappears 8 June 2009 5 11,91%
4 Indonesian and Malaysia
on Ambalat
8 June 2009 5 11,91%
5 Battered Indonesian worker
to take legal action against
12 June 2009 4 9,52%
20
Malaysian employer
6 Malaysian to defuse
tensions in Ambalat
12 June 2009 4 9,52%
7 Christ John paints 23 June 2009 5 11,91%
8 Djoko Tjandra update 23 June 2009 3 7,14
9 Six Indonesians infected by
H1N1 virus
26 June 2009 4 9,52%
10 Michael Jackson dead at 50 26 June 2009 3 7,14%
Total 42 100%
4.2 Data Analysis
Those sentences as the data were divided into four types. They were simple
sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, and compound-complex sentence. Each
type had different number and percentage.
Table 2
Date Titles Simple
sentence
Compound
sentence
Complex
sentence
Compound
complex
sentence
3 June Pussycat dolls rock
Jakarta
2 - 3 -
Ambalat latest 1 - 3 -
8 June Manohara 1 - 3 1
21
disappears
Indonesia and
Malaysia on
Ambalat
3 - 2 -
12 June Battered Indonesian
worker to take legal
action against
Malaysian
employer
2 - 2 -
Malaysia to defuse
tensions in Ambalat
- - 4 -
23 June Christ John paints 3 - 2 -
Djoko Tjandra
update
- - 3 -
26 June Six Indonesians
infected by H1N1
virus
1 - 3 -
Michael Jackson
dead at 50
- - 3 -
Total 13 - 28 1
Percentage (%) 30,95% 0% 66,67% 2,38%
The types of sentences were tabulated as follow; column 3 shows that the total
number of simple sentence was 13 (30,95%), compound sentence 0 (0%), complex
sentence 28 (66,67%), and compound-complex sentence 1 ( 2,38%)
This is also shows that the most common types of sentences that found in the
news in Indonesia This Morning is complex sentence.
Related the result of the study to the theory before, the principles of shaping news
sentences in broadcasting said by Maessener ( 1990 :47) that is to avoid the use of
22
complex sentence, it means that principle was ignored in news in Indonesia This Morning
on June 2009 edition. It also means that the reporters of news in Indonesia This Morning
preferred to use complex sentence in delivering news. They tend to emphasize the news it
self to the viewers.
Here are some examples of the representative data based on the types of sentences in
Indonesia This Morning.
1.Simple Sentence
a. The Malaysian navy has been making daily incursions into the ambalat area over the
past few month. ( Ambalat latest )
Simple sentence consists of one main clause only with no dependent clause.
b. A delegation from parliament’s first commission on Political and Security touched on
the political, territorial and economic interests at stake in Ambalat with Malaysian
Defense Minister Dato Sri Ahmad Zahid Hamidi.( Indonesia and Malaysia on Ambalat )
c. It still didn’t take detract from their performance ( Pussycat Dolls Rock Jakarta)
2.Compound Sentence
There was no found any compound sentence in news in Indonesia This Morning on June
2009 edition.
23
3.Complex Sentence
a. The Pussycat dolls will take their act to Singapore, where they will perform next
Thursday ( Pussycat Dolls Rock Jakarta ).
Complex sentence contains an independent clause and one or more dependent clause. The
main clause of the sentence above is The Pussycat Dolls will take their act to Singapore,
which become the most important idea. while where they will perform next Thursday,
become dependent clause which become the less important idea of the sentence.
b. He says Indonesian and Malaysian leaders should discuss the crisis ( Indonesia and
Malaysia on Ambalat ).
The main clause of the sentence above is Indonesian and Malaysian leaders should
discuss the crisis. Wile He says is just dependent clause.
c. The ESPN sports network reports that John fainted during training in Los Angeles
( Christ John faints )
The idea that want to emphasize from the sentence above is John fainted during training
in Los Angeles which become the main clause, while the clause before just an additional
information which belong to dependent clause.
4. Compound-Complex Sentence
a. The Indonesian embassy in Malaysia is also planning to sue her, after she implied that
a diplomat posted there took bribes her in laws, the Kelantan Royal Family ( Manohara
Disappears ).
Compound complex sentence consists of at least two main clause and at least one
subordinate. From the sentence above, the main clause are The Indonesian embassy in
24
Malaysia is also planning to sue her and a diplomat posted there took bribes her in laws.
while the other is subordinate clause, after she implied that.
4.3 Research Findings
After analyzing all the sentences based on the kind and number of full
predications contained in the news in Indonesia This Morning, the findings can be
representative as follow :
1. There were only three types of sentences based on the number of full
predication were applied in news in Indonesia This Morning on June 2009
edition. They were Simple sentence, Complex Sentence, and Compound
Complex Sentence. There was no found any Compound Sentence in that
edition.
The total number of sentence occurrences were 42 sentences, where the total
number of simple sentence was 13 (30,95%), compound sentence was 0 (0%),
complex sentence was 28 ( 66,67%), and compound complex sentence was 1
(2,38%).
2. The most common type of sentences in news in Indonesia This Morning on
June edition was complex sentence.
25
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
After analyzing all the 42 sentences which had become the data based on the
types of sentences based on the number of full predication in news in Indonesia This
Morning, the conclusions were drawn as the following :
1. There are just three types of sentences used in News In Indonesia This
Morning on June 2009 edition. The total of types of sentences occurrences are
42 (100%) with the deals as follow : complex sentence is 28 ( 66,67%), and
followed by simple sentence 13 (30,95 %), compound complex sentence 1
(2,38%) and compound sentence 0 (0%).
2. The most dominantly types of sentences based on the number of full
predication used in news in Indonesia This Morning on June edition 2009 is
Complex Sentence. Complex sentence deals to emphasize the main idea of
that sentence or to give additional information of the main idea.
26
5.2 Suggestions
Based on the conclusion above, the following suggestions are forwarding :
1. Those people who work in broadcasting especially presenters or reporters can
improve their knowledge about the effectiveness of news sentences used in
broadcasting in a sense that they can use other types of sentence not only
complex sentences, so that the news itself becomes more easy to grasp by the
listeners overall.
2. The listeners of news program to learn about types of sentences.
3. The students of English department ought to learn more about the types of
sentences in speaking especially in news broadcasting.
27
28
REFERENCES
Allsopp, F.J and O.W.Hunt. 1963. Using Better English. Sydney .
Arikunto,S. 1998. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Bhatia,H,S.2000. Comprehensive English Grammar & Composition. Delhi India : Book
Palace.
Clark, H.H. and Eve, c.v. 1977. Psychology and Language. New York : Harcourt Brave
Javanoich.
Encyclopedia Britannica vol IX. 1983.
Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English a Practical References Guides. New York :
Prentice Hall.
Hasibuan,S,R. 1996. English Language Structure “ A Complete Reference
Book”.Jakarta : Djambatan.
Maeseneer,P,D. 1990. Here’s the News” A Radio News Manual”.Unesco Associate-
Expert.
Morley David. G. 2000. Syntax in Functional Grammar : An Introduction to
lexicogrammar in Systemic Linguistics. London : Wellington House and New
York : Lexington Avenue.
The New Book of Knowledge. 2005. United States : Scholastic Library Publishing, inc.
Verspoor,M., and Sauter,K. 2000. English Sentence Analysis in Introductory Course.
Amsterdam/Philadelpia : John Benjamin Publishing.
Webster.1971. Third New International Dictionary. Massachusets: G & C Meriamew.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/broadcasting, accessed on 1st March 2009.
http://www.Metrotvnews.com /IndonesiaThisMorning, accessed on 1st March 2009
29
APPENDICES A
June, 3rd 2009
Pussycat Dolls Rock Jakarta
1. Nicole Scherzinger, Melody Thornton, Ashley Roberts and Kimberley brought
the Istora Senayan area down with hits like “ Don’t Cha ” and “ Stick With U ”,
as well as their sensual moves. ( Simple Sentence )
2. Though the girls had to tone down their attire and their moves in deference to
muslim sensibilities in Indonesia and Malaysia. ( Complex Sentence )
3. It still didn’t take detract from their performance. ( Simple Sentence )
4. The Dolls also received plaquer, after their debut album received platinum status
in Indonesia. ( Complex Sentence )
5. The Pussycat Dolls will take their act to Singapore, where they will perform next
Thursday. ( Complex Sentence )
Ambalat Latest
1. The commander of the Eastern Indonesian Fleet, Rear Admiral Lili Supramono
says he has been ordered to prepare the deployment of seven vessels to Ambalat. (
Complex Sentence )
2. Supriyono adds that Indonesia won’t tolerate further Malaysian incursions.
( Complex Sentence )
3. The Malaysian navy has been making daily incursions into the Ambalat area over
the past few months. ( Simple Sentence )
4. Indonesian and Malaysians disputed Ambalat because of its vast oil and gas
reserves. ( Complex Sentence )
30
June 8th 2009
Manohara Disappears
1. Manohara and her mother have not been at their house in Slipi, West Jakarta over
the past three days. ( Simple Sentence )
2. Rumors saying she had been staying at the Ascott apartment, were denied by the
Apartment security. ( Complex Sentence )
3. Meanwhile, Manohara’s lawyer OC Kaligis and other attorney representing her
resigned from her case, because of the media exposure. ( Complex Sentence )
4. Kaligis also says Manohara and her mother are liars, who try to profit from her
case. ( Complex Sentence )
5. The Indonesian embassy in Malaysia is also planning to sue her, after she implied
that a diplomat posted there took bribes her inlaws, the Kelantan Royal Family.
( Compound-Complex Sentence )
Indonesia and Malaysia on Ambalat
1. A delegation from Parliament’s First Comision on Political and Security touched
on the Political, territorial and economic interests at stake in Ambalat with
Malaysian Defense Minister Sri Ahmad Zahid Hamidi. ( Simple Sentence )
2. Hamidi downplayed the scale of the crisis. ( Simple Sentence )
31
3. He says Indonesian and Malaysian leaders should discuss the crisis. ( Complex
Sentence )
4. Hamidi adds that he will send the Chief of the Malaysian Armed forces to Jakarta
to discuss the issue on June 9th. ( Complex Sentence )
5. The Ambalat crisis have been flaring on an off since 2005. ( Simple Sentence )
32
June 12th 2009
Battered Indonesian Worker to Take Legal Action Against Malaysian Employer
1. The Indonesian Embassy in Kuala Lumpur and the Indonesian National Agency
for the placement and protection of Migrant Workers or BNP2TKI pledged to aid
Hajar’s case. ( Simple Sentence )
2. Indonesian ambassador to Malaysia Da’I Bachtiar and BNP2TKI Jumhur Hidayat
say they will apply a new monitoring system to ensure that cases of abuse like
those which afflicted Hajar will not happen again. ( Complex Sentence )
3. Meanwhile, Michelle’s sibling paid Hajar her 17 thousand ringgit or nearly five
thousand dollar salary which are owed her in arrears. ( Complex Setence )
4. Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia often face abuse and even death on the
job. ( Simple Sentence )
Malaysia to Defuse Tensions in Ambalat
1. Speaking during his visit to Jakarta Thursday, General Abdul Azis maintained
that his forces didn’t enter Indonesian territory in Ambalat. ( Complex Sentence )
2. He attributed stands off between the two forces in Ambalat to misunderstanding,
because of a lack of a joint agreement on the border between both nations.
( Complex Sentence )
3. Azis added that he and his Indonesian counterpart General Joko Santoso will take
measures to defuse tensions over Ambalat. ( Complex Sentence )
4. He said that the steps include joint Patrols on their respective sides of Ambalat.
( Complex Sentence )
33
June 23rd 2009
Christ John Faints
1. The ESPN sports network reports that John fainted during training in Los
Angeles. ( Complex Sentence )
2. The channel didn’t disclose the WBA champ’s unconsciousness. ( Simple
Sentence )
3. But John’s doctor said he suffered a blood problem, which is reportedly a
symptom of Hepatitis B. ( Complex Sentence )
4. John’s manager canceled the title fight against his challenger Rocky Juarez.
( Simple Sentence )
5. The bout was scheduled to be hold on June 27th in Houston, Texas. ( Simple
Sentence )
Djoko Tjandra Update
1. The Papua New Guinea Embassy in Jakarta acknowledged that he might be
related to prominent Papuan Businessman Sir Soekandar Tjandra. ( Complex
Sentence )
2. But the Embassy didn’t disclose if Sir Soekandra helped Tjandra escape.
( Complex Sentence )
3. But the Embassy assured that it will hand over Tjandra to an Indonesian court,
despite the lack of an extradition between both countries, and difficulties proving
that he is in Papua. ( Complex Sentence )
34
June 26th 2009
Six Indonesians Infected By H1N1 Virus
1. The Sulianti Suroso Referral Hospital said that it’s treating a 37 year old pilot
identified as WA. ( Complex Sentence )
2. Doctors said WA might have contracted the virus during his travel from Pert,
Australia to Hongkong. ( Complex Sentence )
3. The Hospital tightly restricted contact between WA and his family. ( Simple
Sentence )
4. The other five cases include a Health Department Official who attended a seminar
on handling the H1N1 virus in Beijing, China. (Complex Sentence)
Michael Jackson Dead at 50
1. Doctors at the UCLA medical center said he died in hospital, after paramedics
rushing to an emergency call at his home failed to revive him with CPR.
( Complex Sentence )
2. His spokesman said that Jackson was planning to go on one last world tour.
( Complex Sentence )
3. Jackson started off as a child star before becoming a musical giant with hits like “
beat it ” and “ Billie Jean ” as well as multiple Grammy awards. ( Complex
Sentence )
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APENDICES B
June, 3rd 2009
Pussycat Dolls Rock Jakarta
Nicole Scherzinger, Melody Thornton, Ashley Roberts and Kimberley brought
the Istora Senayan area down with hits like “ Don’t cha ” and “ Stick With U ”, as well as
their sensual moves. Though the girls had to tone down their attire and their moves in
deference to Muslim sensibilities in Indonesia and Malaysia. It still didn’t take detract
from their performance. The Dolls also received plaquer, after their debut album received
platinum status in Indonesia. The Pussycat Dolls will take their act to Singapore, where
they will perform next Thursday.
Ambalat Latest
The commander of the Eastern Indonesian fleet, Rear Admiral Lili Supramono
says he has been ordered to prepare the deployment of seven vessels to Ambalat.
Supriyono adds that Indonesia won’t tolerate further Malaysian incursions. The
Malaysian navy has been making daily incursions into the Ambalat area over the past few
months. Indonesia and Malaysia disputed Ambalat because of its vast oil and gas
reserves.
36
June, 8th 2009
Manohara Disappears
Manohara and her mother have not been at their house in Slipi, West Jakarta over
the past three days. Rumors saying she had been staying at the Ascott Apartments, were
denied by the Apartment security. Meanwhile, Manohara’s lawyer OC Kaligis and other
attorney representing her resigned from her case, because of the media exposure. Kaligis
also says Manohara and her mother are liars, who try to profit from her case. The
Indonesian embassy in Malaysia is also planning to sue her, after she implied that a
diplomat posted there took bribes her in-laws, the Kelantan Royal family.
Indonesia and Malaysia on Ambalat
A delegation from Parliament’s First Commission on Political and Security
touched on the political, territorial and economic interests at stake in Ambalat with
Malaysian Defense Minister Dato Sri Ahmad Zahid Hamidi. Hamidi downplayed the
scale of the crisis. He says Indonesian and Malaysian leaders should discuss the crisis.
Hamidi adds that he will send the Chief of the Malaysian Armed forces to Jakarta to
discuss the issue on June 9th . The Ambalat crisis have been flaring on an off since 2005.
37
June, 12th 2009
Battered Indonesian Worker to Take Legal Action Against Malaysian Employer
The Indonesian Embassy in Kuala Lumpur and the Indonesian National agency
for the placement and protection of Migrant Workers or BNP2TKI pledged to aid Hajar’s
care. Indonesian ambassador to Malaysia Da’i Bachtiar and BNP2TKI Jumhur Hidayat
say they will apply a new monitoring system to ensure that cases of abuse like those
which afflicted Hajar will not happen again. Meanwhile, Michelle’s sibling paid Hajar
her 17 thousand ringgit ot nearly five thousand dollar salary, which are owed her in
arrears. Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia often face abuse and even death on the
job.
Malaysia to Defuse Tensions in Ambalat
Speaking during his visit to Jakarta Thursday, General Abdul Azis maintained
that his forces didn’t enter Indonesian territory in Ambalat. He attributed stand off
between the two forces in Ambalat to misunderstandings, because of a lack of a joint
agreement on the border between both nations. Azis added that he and his Indonesian
counterpart General Joko Santoso will take measures to defuse tensions over Ambalat.
He said the steps include joint patrols on their respective sides of Ambalat.
38
June, 23rd 2009
Christ John Faints
The ESPN sports network reports that John fainted during training in Los
Angeles. The channel didn’t disclose the WBA champ’s unconsciousness. But John’s
doctor said he suffered a blood problem, which is reportedly a symptom of Hepatitis B.
John’s manager canceled the title fight against his challenger Rocky Juarez. The bout was
scheduled to be hold on June 27th in Houston, Texas
Djoko Tjandra Update
The Papua New Guinea Embassy in Jakarta acknowledged that he might be
related to prominent Papuan Businessman Sir Soekandar Tjandra. But the embassy didn’t
disclose if Sir Soekandra helped Tjandra escape. But the embassy assured that it will
hand over Tjandra to an Indonesian court, despite the lack of an extradition between both
countries, and difficulties proving that he is in Papua.
39
June, 26th 2009
Six Indonesian Infected by H1N1 Virus
The Sulianti Suroso referral hospital said that it’s treating a 37 year old pilot
identified as WA. Doctors said WA might have contracted the virus during his travel
from Pert, Australia to Hongkong. The hospital tightly restricted contact between WA
and his family. The other five cases include a Health Department official who attended a
seminar on handling the H1N1 virus in Beijing, China.
Michael Jackson Dead at 50
Doctors at the UCLA Medical Center said he died in Hospital, after paramedics
rushing to an emergency call at his home failed to revive him with CPR. His spokesman
said that Jackson was planning to go on one last world tour. Jackson started off as a child
star before becoming a musical giant with hits like “beat it” and “ Billie Jean ” as well as
multiple Grammy Awards.
40
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