Chapter 21bebi/biology100/study guides/Chapter 21 (10E).pdf · Chapter 21 Student ... B.the same codons always stand for the same amino acids ... A section of DNA that codes for a

Chapter 21

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. The genetic material that is found principally in the chromosomes is called:

A.DNAB.RNAC.ADAD.NADH

2. Choose the following that is NOT accurate concerning deoxyribonucleic acid.

A.It constitutes the major portion of chromosomes.B.It is found within the nucleus of eukaryotes.C.It can be found within mitochondria.D.It specifies the sequence of amino acids for protein synthesis.E.It contains a ribose sugar.

3. The bases in DNA are joined by hydrogen bonds and this association of complementary bases is called:

A.nondisjunctionB.pair bondingC.complementary base pairingD.replication

4. The process of making a copy of DNA is called:

A.duplicationB.replicationC.isomerizationD.transcriptionE.translation

1

5. DNA bases include all of the following except:

A.adenineB.thymineC.cytosineD.uracilE.guanine

6. In complementary base pairing of the DNA molecule, adenine always combines with:


7. In complementary base pairing of the DNA molecule, cytosine always combines with:


8. Nucleotides are composed of:

A.phosphate, base, proteinB.sugar, protein, sulfurC.phosphate, sugar, baseD.sugar, sulfur, phosphate

9. The best description for the overall shape (double helix) of the DNA molecule is:

A.folded sheetB.twisted ladderC.stack of booksD.string of beads

2

10. The enzyme which links nucleotides during DNA replication is:

A.ACHaseB.DNA polymeraseC.nucleaseD.protease

11. Mutations can be caused by:

A.errors in the replication processB.exposure to environmental substancesC.base substitutionsD.All of the choices are correct.

12. Mutations are:

A.changes in the base sequence within a geneB.always beneficialC.always harmful

13. In DNA function, the term "template" refers to:

A.complementary RNAB.strand of DNA nucleotides which carries the information for amino acid order in a specific proteinC.a chain of amino acids being transcribed from DNA

14. Which type of RNA forms the individual subunits of ribosomes?

A.rRNAB.mRNAC.tRNA

15. Which type of RNA functions to bring in amino acids in the process of translation?

A.rRNAB.mRNAC.tRNA

3

16. Which type of RNA carries the instructions from a template strand of DNA in the nucleus out to theribosomes in the cytoplasm?

A.rRNAB.mRNAC.tRNA

17. Choose the following base that is NOT associated with RNA.


18. Which of the following are paired bases in DNA?

A.adenine—guanine; thymine—cytosineB.adenine—uracil; guanine—cytosineC.adenine—thymine; guanine—cytosineD.adenine—adenine; guanine—guanineE.adenine—cytosine; guanine—thymine

19. In DNA, the amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of:

A.cytosineB.uracilC.guanineD.thymineE.ATP

20. A nucleotide contains:

A.DNA and RNAB.a sugar, a phosphate, and a baseC.RNA, protein, and lipidsD.a sugar, a phosphate, and an amino acid

4

21. In the model of DNA, the "rungs" of the ladder are composed of:

A.sugarsB.paired basesC.phosphatesD.a sugar and a phosphate molecule

22. If 30% of an organism's DNA is thymine, then:

A.70% is deoxyriboseB.20% is guanineC.20% is adenineD.40% is guanine

23. In a DNA molecule, the:

A.backbone is composed of covalently bonded basesB.sugars are composed of 8 carbon ringsC.bases are hydrogen bonded to one anotherD.adenine and cytosine base pair to each other

24. Which of the following contains thymine?

A.DNAB.mRNAC.rRNAD.proteinE.tRNA

25. In DNA, what makes up the "sides" of the ladder?

A.sugar-phosphate backboneB.adenine-phosphate backboneC.base-phosphate backboneD.sugar-sugar backbone

5

26. Which of the following is NOT true about DNA?

A.It forms a double helix.B.Bases are held together by hydrogen bonds.C.Bases form complementary pairs.D.It has a deoxyribose sugar.E.It contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.

27. Which of the following is NOT true about mRNA?

A.It is found in the cytoplasm.B.It contains the sugar ribose.C.It contains adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine.D.It is single-stranded.E.It forms a double-stranded helix.

28. During DNA replication:

A.each base forms hydrogen bonds with a complementary baseB.each base forms hydrogen bonds with the same type of baseC.bases do not form hydrogen bondsD.ribose is incorporated into the double helix

29. In normal transcription DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of:

A.more DNAB.messenger RNAC.enzymesD.DNA polymerase

30. In replication DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of:

A.more DNAB.messenger RNAC.enzymesD.DNA polymerase

6

31. The enzyme that joins DNA complementary nucleotides together is:

A.DNA polymeraseB.RNA polymeraseC.helicaseD.ribozymeE.lipase

32. DNA is:

A.transcribedB.translated

33. Which of the following carries a copy of DNA's blueprint into the cytoplasm?

A.tRNAB.rRNAC.mRNAD.cDNA

34. The site of protein synthesis in eukaryotes is:

A.the nucleusB.the plasma membraneC.the ribosomeD.the mitochondria

35. Every three base code on DNA (a triplet) codes for a single:

A.carbohydrate monomerB.lipid polymerC.amino acidD.nucleic acid

36. A three letter (base) code on the DNA is called:

A.tripletB.codonC.anticodonD.triumvirate

7

37. The universal genetic code describes the fact that:

A.all complementary base pairs align the same wayB.the same codons always stand for the same amino acidsC.transcription always follows translationD.many organisms have the same proteins

38. A section of DNA that codes for a protein is, by definition, a:

A.a mutationB.a base pairC.a geneD.a chromatid

39. 39.The bases of DNA form what we can think of as "code words" representing the different amino acids.Each "code word" is composed of:

A.a triplet of nitrogen basesB.a triplet of amino acidsC.2 nitrogen basesD.a single nitrogen base

40. Bases of mRNA that are complementary to a triplet of bases of template DNA are called:

A.an anticodonB.a codonC.a counter codon

41. The three exposed unpaired bases on a tRNA molecule are called:

A.an anticodonB.a codonC.a counter codon

42. Transcribed segments of DNA which contain coded information are called:

A.intronsB.exons

8

43. The synthesis of a polypeptide chain under the direction of the mRNA molecule is called:

A.transcriptionB.translationC.transductionD.transformation

44. If the codon (on the mRNA) is ACC, then the anticodon (on the tRNA) is:

A.UGAB.UGGC.TGGD.CAAE.None of the choices are correct.

45. In translation, termination of synthesis occurs at:

A.the codon for the amino acid valineB.the codon for 'stop' which does not code for an amino acidC.a special 4-base codonD.the special 4-base codon for valine

46. Synthesis of polypeptides requires:

A.initiationB.elongationC.terminationD.All of the choices are correct.

47. Several ribosomes, collectively, are called:

A.multisomesB.polyribosomesC.oligosomesD.deuterosomes

9

48. The primary level of control for gene expression that functions to turn on only selected genes within thenucleus is called:

A.transcriptional controlB.posttranscriptional controlC.translational controlD.posttranslational control

49. During cell division, the genetic material:

A.stores new informationB.is replicatedC.undergoes rare mutationsD.is sequestered in the cytoplasm

50. If one strand of DNA has the base sequence ATCGTA, what will the complementary strand have?

A.TAGCATB.ATCGTAC.CAGTCTD.ATGCTA

51. Before protein synthesis, DNA:

A.attracts tRNAs with appropriate amino acidsB.serves as a template for the production of mRNAC.adheres to ribosomes for protein synthesisD.contains anticodons that become codonsE.All of the choices are correct.

52. The triplet code consists of ___ bases that designate one amino acid.

A.2B.3C.4D.8E.20

10

53. Transcription of part of a DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence of AAACAACTT results in anmRNA molecule with which complementary sequence?

A.GGGAACCB.UUUGUUGAAC.TTTGAAGCCD.CCCACCTCC

54. Transcription takes place:

A.in the nucleusB.in the cytoplasmC.on free ribosomesD.in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

55. Translation takes place:

A.in the nucleusB.outside the cellC.on ribosomesD.in the mitochondria

56. The function of transfer RNA is to:

A.carry amino acids to ribosomal sitesB.transfer nucleotides to the nucleusC.transmit coded information to the cytoplasmD.turn the DNA on and offE.All of the choices are correct.

57. A primary mRNA molecule becomes a mature mRNA molecule following:

A.capping one end with an altered guanine nucleotideB.poly-A tail is added to one endC.introns are removedD.All of the choices are correct.

11

58. The term "triplet code" is a code for a(n):

A.nucleotide unitB.nucleic acidC.amino acidD.fatty acid

59. Which of the following carries amino acids to ribosomal sites?


60. Messenger RNA is produced in the:

A.cytoplasmB.ribosomesC.nucleusD.mitochondria

61. Which of the following is a nucleic acid found in ribosomes and is an important building block ofribosomes?


62. The Human Genome Project has revealed that human DNA has approximately:

A.30,000 basesB.300,000 basesC.3 million basesD.3 billion bases

12

63. DNA from two or more sources is called:

A.recombinant DNAB.PCRC.vectorD.plasmidE.None of the choices are correct.

64. Small accessory rings of DNA from bacteria, often used in recombinant DNA technologies are:

A.vectorsB.plastidsC.plasmidsD.viroids

65. Which of the following attaches DNA segments together?

A.restriction enzymeB.DNA ligase

66. Which of the following is the function of DNA ligase?

A.seals DNA togetherB.cleaves vectors DNA

67. The automated laboratory procedure that can create millions of copies a single gene is:

A.cDNAB.PCRC.DNA fingerprintingD.vector analysisE.immune phosphorescence

68. Following DNA amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis, the resultant DNA fragmentband analysis is called:

A.cDNAB.PCRC.DNA fingerprintingD.vector analysisE.immune phosphorescence

13

69. In recombinant DNA research, the plasmids are taken from:

A.human cellsB.animal cellsC.bacterial cellsD.any kind of cell

70. The enzyme that seals breaks in a DNA molecule is called:

A.helicaseB.restriction enzyme EcoR1C.ligaseD.restrictive ligase enzyme

71. In the recombinant DNA process:

A.plasmid DNA is cut open, then foreign DNA is insertedB.foreign DNA is inserted before the plasmid DNA is cut openC.restriction enzymes stimulate bacterial growthD.restriction enzymes cleave DNA at random locationsE.DNA ligase creates a break in the plasmid DNA

72. Restriction enzymes:

A.are found naturally in eukaryotic animal cellsB.are found naturally in plant cellsC.will cut a DNA molecule at specific locationsD.will cut a DNA molecule at any locationE.will restrict the growth of bacteria

73. Which process is able to make millions of copies of a single gene in a test tube?

A.DNA probeB.recombinant DNA techniqueC.polymerase chain reactionD.ligase chain reactionE.DNA fingerprinting

14

74. What portion of a bacterial cell is used as a vector to transfer genes to another organism?

A.ribosomeB.cell wallC.nucleusD.plasmid

75. The use of transgenic farm animals to produce pharmaceuticals describes:

A.PCRB.gene pharmingC.DNA fingerprintingD.gel electrophoresisE.None of the choices are correct.

76. The use of genetically engineered animals to produce pharmaceuticals in milk is called:

A.PCRB.gene pharmingC.DNA fingerprintingD.gel electrophoresisE.None of the choices are correct.

15

Chapter 21 Key

1. The genetic material that is found principally in the chromosomes is called:

A DNAb. RNAc. ADAd. NADH

Mader - 021 Chapter... #1

2. Choose the following that is NOT accurate concerning deoxyribonucleic acid.

a. It constitutes the major portion of chromosomes.b. It is found within the nucleus of eukaryotes.c. It can be found within mitochondria.d. It specifies the sequence of amino acids for protein synthesis.E It contains a ribose sugar.


3. The bases in DNA are joined by hydrogen bonds and this association of complementary bases iscalled:

a. nondisjunctionb. pair bondingC complementary base pairingd. replication


4. The process of making a copy of DNA is called:

a. duplicationB replicationc. isomerizationd. transcriptione. translation


1

5. DNA bases include all of the following except:

a. adenineb. thyminec. cytosineD uracile. guanine


6. In complementary base pairing of the DNA molecule, adenine always combines with:

a. adenineB thyminec. cytosined. uracile. guanine


7. In complementary base pairing of the DNA molecule, cytosine always combines with:

a. adenineb. thyminec. cytosined. uracilE guanine


8. Nucleotides are composed of:

a. phosphate, base, proteinb. sugar, protein, sulfurC phosphate, sugar, based. sugar, sulfur, phosphate


2

9. The best description for the overall shape (double helix) of the DNA molecule is:

a. folded sheetB twisted ladderc. stack of booksd. string of beads


10. The enzyme which links nucleotides during DNA replication is:

a. ACHaseB DNA polymerasec. nucleased. protease


11. Mutations can be caused by:

a. errors in the replication processb. exposure to environmental substancesc. base substitutionsD All of the choices are correct.


12. Mutations are:

A changes in the base sequence within a geneb. always beneficialc. always harmful


13. In DNA function, the term "template" refers to:

a. complementary RNAB strand of DNA nucleotides which carries the information for amino acid order in a specific proteinc. a chain of amino acids being transcribed from DNA


3

14. Which type of RNA forms the individual subunits of ribosomes?

A rRNAb. mRNAc. tRNA


15. Which type of RNA functions to bring in amino acids in the process of translation?

a. rRNAb. mRNAC tRNA


16. Which type of RNA carries the instructions from a template strand of DNA in the nucleus out to theribosomes in the cytoplasm?

a. rRNAB mRNAc. tRNA


17. Choose the following base that is NOT associated with RNA.

a. adenineB thyminec. cytosined. uracile. guanine


18. Which of the following are paired bases in DNA?

a. adenine—guanine; thymine—cytosineb. adenine—uracil; guanine—cytosineC adenine—thymine; guanine—cytosined. adenine—adenine; guanine—guaninee. adenine—cytosine; guanine—thymine


4

19. In DNA, the amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of:

a. cytosineb. uracilc. guanineD thyminee. ATP


20. A nucleotide contains:

a. DNA and RNAB a sugar, a phosphate, and a basec. RNA, protein, and lipidsd. a sugar, a phosphate, and an amino acid


21. In the model of DNA, the "rungs" of the ladder are composed of:

a. sugarsB paired basesc. phosphatesd. a sugar and a phosphate molecule


22. If 30% of an organism's DNA is thymine, then:

a. 70% is deoxyriboseB 20% is guaninec. 20% is adenined. 40% is guanine


5

23. In a DNA molecule, the:

a. backbone is composed of covalently bonded basesb. sugars are composed of 8 carbon ringsC bases are hydrogen bonded to one anotherd. adenine and cytosine base pair to each other


24. Which of the following contains thymine?

A DNAb. mRNAc. rRNAd. proteine. tRNA


25. In DNA, what makes up the "sides" of the ladder?

A sugar-phosphate backboneb. adenine-phosphate backbonec. base-phosphate backboned. sugar-sugar backbone


26. Which of the following is NOT true about DNA?

a. It forms a double helix.b. Bases are held together by hydrogen bonds.c. Bases form complementary pairs.d. It has a deoxyribose sugar.E It contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.


6

27. Which of the following is NOT true about mRNA?

a. It is found in the cytoplasm.b. It contains the sugar ribose.c. It contains adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine.d. It is single-stranded.E It forms a double-stranded helix.


28. During DNA replication:

A each base forms hydrogen bonds with a complementary baseb. each base forms hydrogen bonds with the same type of basec. bases do not form hydrogen bondsd. ribose is incorporated into the double helix


29. In normal transcription DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of:

a. more DNAB messenger RNAc. enzymesd. DNA polymerase


30. In replication DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of:

A more DNAb. messenger RNAc. enzymesd. DNA polymerase


7

31. The enzyme that joins DNA complementary nucleotides together is:

A DNA polymeraseb. RNA polymerasec. helicased. ribozymee. lipase


32. DNA is:

A transcribedb. translated


33. Which of the following carries a copy of DNA's blueprint into the cytoplasm?

a. tRNAb. rRNAC mRNAd. cDNA


34. The site of protein synthesis in eukaryotes is:

a. the nucleusb. the plasma membraneC the ribosomed. the mitochondria


35. Every three base code on DNA (a triplet) codes for a single:

a. carbohydrate monomerb. lipid polymerC amino acidd. nucleic acid


8

36. A three letter (base) code on the DNA is called:

A tripletb. codonc. anticodond. triumvirate


37. The universal genetic code describes the fact that:

a. all complementary base pairs align the same wayB the same codons always stand for the same amino acidsc. transcription always follows translationd. many organisms have the same proteins


38. A section of DNA that codes for a protein is, by definition, a:

a. a mutationb. a base pairC a gened. a chromatid


39. 39.The bases of DNA form what we can think of as "code words" representing the different aminoacids. Each "code word" is composed of:

A a triplet of nitrogen basesb. a triplet of amino acidsc. 2 nitrogen basesd. a single nitrogen base


40. Bases of mRNA that are complementary to a triplet of bases of template DNA are called:

a. an anticodonB a codonc. a counter codon


9

41. The three exposed unpaired bases on a tRNA molecule are called:

A an anticodonb. a codonc. a counter codon


42. Transcribed segments of DNA which contain coded information are called:

a. intronsB exons


43. The synthesis of a polypeptide chain under the direction of the mRNA molecule is called:

a. transcriptionB translationc. transductiond. transformation


44. If the codon (on the mRNA) is ACC, then the anticodon (on the tRNA) is:

a. UGAB UGGc. TGGd. CAAe. None of the choices are correct.


45. In translation, termination of synthesis occurs at:

a. the codon for the amino acid valineB the codon for 'stop' which does not code for an amino acidc. a special 4-base codond. the special 4-base codon for valine


10

46. Synthesis of polypeptides requires:

a. initiationb. elongationc. terminationD All of the choices are correct.


47. Several ribosomes, collectively, are called:

a. multisomesB polyribosomesc. oligosomesd. deuterosomes


48. The primary level of control for gene expression that functions to turn on only selected genes withinthe nucleus is called:

A transcriptional controlb. posttranscriptional controlc. translational controld. posttranslational control


49. During cell division, the genetic material:

a. stores new informationB is replicatedc. undergoes rare mutationsd. is sequestered in the cytoplasm


50. If one strand of DNA has the base sequence ATCGTA, what will the complementary strand have?

A TAGCATb. ATCGTAc. CAGTCTd. ATGCTA


11

51. Before protein synthesis, DNA:

a. attracts tRNAs with appropriate amino acidsB serves as a template for the production of mRNAc. adheres to ribosomes for protein synthesisd. contains anticodons that become codonse. All of the choices are correct.


52. The triplet code consists of ___ bases that designate one amino acid.

a. 2B 3c. 4d. 8e. 20


53. Transcription of part of a DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence of AAACAACTT results in anmRNA molecule with which complementary sequence?

a. GGGAACCB UUUGUUGAAc. TTTGAAGCCd. CCCACCTCC


54. Transcription takes place:

A in the nucleusb. in the cytoplasmc. on free ribosomesd. in the rough endoplasmic reticulum


12

55. Translation takes place:

a. in the nucleusb. outside the cellC on ribosomesd. in the mitochondria


56. The function of transfer RNA is to:

A carry amino acids to ribosomal sitesb. transfer nucleotides to the nucleusc. transmit coded information to the cytoplasmd. turn the DNA on and offe. All of the choices are correct.


57. A primary mRNA molecule becomes a mature mRNA molecule following:

a. capping one end with an altered guanine nucleotideb. poly-A tail is added to one endc. introns are removedD All of the choices are correct.


58. The term "triplet code" is a code for a(n):

a. nucleotide unitb. nucleic acidC amino acidd. fatty acid


13

59. Which of the following carries amino acids to ribosomal sites?

a. DNAb. mRNAc. rRNAd. proteinE tRNA


60. Messenger RNA is produced in the:

a. cytoplasmb. ribosomesC nucleusd. mitochondria


61. Which of the following is a nucleic acid found in ribosomes and is an important building block ofribosomes?

a. DNAb. mRNAC rRNAd. proteine. tRNA


62. The Human Genome Project has revealed that human DNA has approximately:

a. 30,000 basesb. 300,000 basesc. 3 million basesD 3 billion bases


14

63. DNA from two or more sources is called:

A recombinant DNAb. PCRc. vectord. plasmide. None of the choices are correct.


64. Small accessory rings of DNA from bacteria, often used in recombinant DNA technologies are:

a. vectorsb. plastidsC plasmidsd. viroids


65. Which of the following attaches DNA segments together?

a. restriction enzymeB DNA ligase


66. Which of the following is the function of DNA ligase?

A seals DNA togetherb. cleaves vectors DNA


67. The automated laboratory procedure that can create millions of copies a single gene is:

a. cDNAB PCRc. DNA fingerprintingd. vector analysise. immune phosphorescence


15

68. Following DNA amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis, the resultant DNAfragment band analysis is called:

a. cDNAb. PCRC DNA fingerprintingd. vector analysise. immune phosphorescence


69. In recombinant DNA research, the plasmids are taken from:

a. human cellsb. animal cellsC bacterial cellsd. any kind of cell


70. The enzyme that seals breaks in a DNA molecule is called:

a. helicaseb. restriction enzyme EcoR1C ligased. restrictive ligase enzyme


71. In the recombinant DNA process:

A plasmid DNA is cut open, then foreign DNA is insertedb. foreign DNA is inserted before the plasmid DNA is cut openc. restriction enzymes stimulate bacterial growthd. restriction enzymes cleave DNA at random locationse. DNA ligase creates a break in the plasmid DNA


16

72. Restriction enzymes:

a. are found naturally in eukaryotic animal cellsb. are found naturally in plant cellsC will cut a DNA molecule at specific locationsd. will cut a DNA molecule at any locatione. will restrict the growth of bacteria


73. Which process is able to make millions of copies of a single gene in a test tube?

a. DNA probeb. recombinant DNA techniqueC polymerase chain reactiond. ligase chain reactione. DNA fingerprinting


74. What portion of a bacterial cell is used as a vector to transfer genes to another organism?

a. ribosomeb. cell wallc. nucleusD plasmid


75. The use of transgenic farm animals to produce pharmaceuticals describes:

a. PCRB gene pharmingc. DNA fingerprintingd. gel electrophoresise. None of the choices are correct.


17

76. The use of genetically engineered animals to produce pharmaceuticals in milk is called:

a. PCRB gene pharmingc. DNA fingerprintingd. gel electrophoresise. None of the choices are correct.


18

Chapter 21 Summary

Category # ofQuestions

Mader - 021 Chapter... 76

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Chapter 21bebi/biology100/study guides/Chapter 21 (10E).pdf · Chapter 21 Student ... B.the same codons always stand for the same amino acids ... A section of DNA that codes for a