Chapter Arranging and Patterning Objects - g-w.com · This chapter explains methods for arranging and patterning existing objects using basic editing commands

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Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this chapter, you will be able to:

✓ Relocate objects using the MOVE command. ✓ Change the angular position of objects using the ROTATE command. ✓ Use the ALIGN command to move and rotate objects at the same time. ✓ Make copies of objects using the COPY command. ✓ Draw mirror images of objects using the MIRROR command. ✓ Use the REVERSE command. ✓ Create patterns of objects using array commands.

This chapter explains methods for arranging and patterning existing objects using basic editing commands. The approach to editing presented in this chapter is to access a command, such as MOVE, and then follow the prompts to complete the operation. Another technique, presented in Chapter 13, is to select objects fi rst using the crosshairs, then access the editing command, and fi nally complete the operation.

Moving Objects

Use the MOVE command to move objects to a different location. Access the MOVEcommand and select objects to move. At the next prompt, specify the base point from which the objects will move. Although the position of the base point is often not crit-ical, you may want to select a point on an object, the corner of a view, or the center of a circle, for example. The selection moves as you move the crosshairs. Specify a second point to complete the move. See Figure 12-1.

Displacement OptionThe Displacement option allows you to move objects relative to the origin of the

UCS (user coordinate system), which is at coordinates 0,0,0 by default. To move using a displacement, access the MOVE command and select objects to move. Then choose the Displacement option instead of defi ning the base point. At the Specify displacement <0,0,0>: prompt, enter an absolute coordinate to move the objects from the origin to the coordinate point. See Figure 12-2.

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This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

356 AutoCAD and Its Applications—Basics

Using the First Point as DisplacementAnother method for moving an object is to use the fi rst point as the displacement.

The coordinates you use for the base point automatically defi ne the coordinates for the direction and the distance to move the object. Access the MOVE command and select objects to move. Then specify the base point, and instead of locating the second point, right-click or press [Enter] or the space bar to accept the <use fi rst point as displacement>default. See Figure 12-3.

PROFESSIONAL TIP

Use object snap modes while editing. For example, to move an object to the center of a circle, use the Center object snap mode to select the center of the circle.

TIPTIP

Figure 12-1. Using the MOVE command to relocate objects. Select base

point

Second point

Selected objectshighlighted

Drag objects intoposition and picksecond point

Figure 12-2. Using the Displacement option of the MOVE command and the default 0,0,0 origin to move objects. In this example, the origin is the base point and the absolute coordinate point 2,2 is the displacement.


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Chapter 12 Arranging and Patterning Objects 357

Exercise 12-1Complete the exercise on the companion website.www.g-wlearning.com/CAD

Rotating Objects

Use the ROTATE command to rotate objects. For example, rotate furniture to adjust an interior design plan, or rotate the north arrow on a site plan. Access the ROTATEcommand and select objects to rotate. Proceed to the next prompt and specify the base point, or axis of rotation, around which the objects rotate. Next, enter a value or specify a point to defi ne a rotation angle at the Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <current>: prompt. Objects rotate counterclockwise by default. To rotate an object clockwise, use a negative value. See Figure 12-4.

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Figure 12-3. Moving a circle using the selected base point, 1,1 in this example, as the displacement.

Object moves accordingto the coordinatesof the base point

Selected base pointat center 1,1


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Figure 12-4. Rotating a north arrow on a site plan –30° (330°) and 30°.

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–30° Rotation 30° RotationBase point(midpoint)

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Reference OptionThe Reference option is an alternative to entering a rotation angle, and allows you

to specify a new angle in relation to an existing angle. For example, use the Referenceoption to rotate a gear from 150° to 90°. Choose the Reference option and specify the current angle, 150° in the example, at the Specify reference angle: prompt. Next, specify the angle at which the objects should be, 90° in the example. See Figure 12-5A. Use the Points function of the Reference option to specify the new angle using two points not associated with the selected base point.

Figure 12-5. Using the Reference option of the ROTATE command to rotate a gear on an assembly drawing according to the current angle of the objects. A—Entering reference angles. B—Selecting points on a reference line.

Original 150° Rotation Rotated to 90°

Original Unknown Rotation Rotated to 90°

2. Specify the current rotation angle

1. Select the base point (center)

1. Select the base point (center)

2. Pick two points to specify the rotation angle

3. Specify the new rotation angle

3. Specify the new rotation angle

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PROFESSIONAL TIP

Specify the reference and new angles using specifi c values; or choose points, often on existing objects, as shown in Figure 12-5B. Picking points is especially effective when you do not know the exact reference and new angles.

Copying While RotatingThe Copy option of the ROTATE command copies and rotates the selected objects,

leaving the original object unchanged. The copy rotates to the specifi ed angle.


Aligning Objects

Use the ALIGN command to move and rotate objects in one operation. The ALIGNcommand is primarily meant for 3D applications, but it can be used for 2D drawings. Access the ALIGN command and select objects to align. Then specify source pointsand destination points. Pick the fi rst source point, followed by the fi rst destination point. Then pick the second source point and the second destination point. Two source and destination points are adequate for aligning 2D objects. Right-click or press [Enter]or the space bar when the prompt requests the third source and destination points. See Figure 12-6. The last prompt allows you to change the size of the source objects. Choose Yes to scale the source objects if the distance between the source points is different from the distance between the destination points. See Figure 12-7.


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source points: Points to define the original position of an object during an ALIGN operation.

destination points: Points to define the new location of objects during an ALIGN operation.

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Figure 12-6. Using the ALIGN command to move and rotate a kitchen cabinet layout against a wall. Select the No choice of the Scale option to apply this example.

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Copying Objects

Use the COPY command to copy objects. The COPY command is similar to the MOVE command, except that when you pick a second point, the original objects remain in place and a copy appears. See Figure 12-8. Access the COPY command, select objects to copy, specify a base point, and pick a location to locate the copy. You can continue creating copies of the selected objects by specifying additional points. Use the Undooption to remove copies without exiting the COPY command. Press [Enter] or the space bar or right-click and select Enter to exit.

The COPY command provides the same options as the MOVE command, allowing you to specify a base point and a second point, choose a displacement using the Displacement option, or defi ne the fi rst point as the displacement.

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Figure 12-7. Select the Yes choice of the Scale option to change the size of an object during the alignment.

First sourcepoint

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Original Objects Rectangle Not Scaled Rectangle Scaled

Figure 12-8. Using the COPY command to duplicate objects.

Original object

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The Multiple copy mode is active by default and allows you to create several copies of the same object using a single COPY operation. To make a single copy and exit the command after placing the copy, use the mOde option and activate the Single function.


Array OptionUse the Array option, available after you specify the base point, to create a linear

pattern of the selected objects. AutoCAD includes other ARRAY commands, described later in this chapter, which are usually more appropriate for patterning objects. However, the Array option of the COPY command is effective for copying multiple, equally spaced objects quickly. Choose the Array option and then enter the total number of copies, including the selected objects, to create. Specify the location of the fi rst copy, which also defi nes the spacing between copies. An alternative is to use the Fit option and then specify the location of the last copy, which divides the number of items equally between the base point and second point. Figure 12-9 shows an example of developing a pattern using the Array option of the COPY command.


Figure 12-9. Using the Array option of the COPY command to draw a linear pattern of rollers along the frame of a conveyer.

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Fit option—pick hereand objects are spaced

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Mirroring Objects

The MIRROR command allows you to refl ect, or mirror, objects. For example, in mechanical drafting, mirror a part to form the opposite component of a symmetrical assembly. In architectural drafting, mirror a fl oor plan to create a duplex residence or to accommodate a different site orientation. Access the MIRROR command and select the objects to mirror. Then create an imaginary mirror line at any angle by specifying two points. After you locate the second mirror line point, you have the option to delete the original objects. See Figure 12-10.

The MIRRTEXT system variable, which is set to 0 by default, prevents text from reversing during a mirror operation. Change the MIRRTEXT value to 1 to mirror text in relation to the original object. See Figure 12-11. Backward text is generally not acceptable, except for applications such as reverse imaging.


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mirror line: The line of symmetry across which objects are mirrored.

Figure 12-10. Using the MIRROR command to reflect objects over an imaginary mirror line. You have the option of erasing the original objects.

Original Objects Kept Additional Editing Finishes the View

Original Objects Original Objects Deleted

Specify two points to createthe imaginary mirror line

(line of symmetry)


Reversing an Object’s Point Calculation

The REVERSE command reverses the calculation of points along lines, polylines, splines, and helixes. The previous start point becomes the new endpoint, and the previous endpoint becomes the new start point. As shown in Figure 12-12, reversing is apparent when it is applied to specifi c objects, such as polylines with varying width

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Figure 12-11. The MIRRTEXT system variable options.

Mirrored ObjectsOriginal Objects

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Figure 12-12. A—Using the REVERSE command to reverse a polyline with varying width. B—Reversing a polyline assigned a linetype that includes text.

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and lines or polylines assigned a linetype that includes text. AutoCAD attempts to orient text included with linetypes correctly by default for all objects. You should typi-cally avoid reversing text included with linetypes.

You can also use the rEverse option of the PEDIT command to reverse polylines, and the rEverse option of the SPLINEDIT command to reverse splines, as explained later in this textbook. Reversing affects the vertex options of the PEDIT command and control point options of the SPLINEDIT command.

Arraying Objects

AutoCAD includes methods for creating and modifying a pattern, or array, of existing objects. For example, create a rectangular array of computer workstations on a classroom design plan, or create a polar array (also called a circular array) of screws on a mechanical assembly drawing. You can also pattern objects in reference to an existing object using a path array. Figure 12-13 shows examples of arrays.

Rectangular ArrayTo draw a rectangular pattern of objects, access the ARRAYRECT command and

select objects to array. An alternative is to issue the ARRAY command, select objects to array, and then choose the Rectangular option. AutoCAD initially prompts you to specify the number of items in the array. However, if necessary, adjust the location of the base point and angle of the array before continuing.

Specifying the Base PointAutoCAD calculates the center between the extents of the selected objects, or

centroid, and uses this location as the default base point from which the objects are arrayed. If the centroid is not a suitable base point, select the Base point option to defi ne a different base point, such as the corner of a rectangle or a quadrant of a circle. Enter the centroid option to use the centroid as the base point, or select the Key point option to choose a constraint point, known as a key point, on a selected object. Figure 12-14shows the point markers that appear as you move the pick box over an object to select a key point. Pick the marked location to specify it as the base point.

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array: Multiple copies of an object arranged in a pattern.

rectangular array: A pattern made up of columns and rows of objects.

polar (circular) array: A circular pattern of objects.

path array: A pattern of objects drawn in reference to another object, or path.

Figure 12-13. A—A rectangular array of computer workstations on a classroom design plan. B—A polar array of arcs and screws on a mechanical assembly drawing. C—A path array of angle brackets along a polyline on the drawing of a steel structure.

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Setting the AngleTo rotate the array, choose the Angle option and then specify the angle of the rows.

The alignment of rows and columns rotate, not the objects. See Figure 12-15.

Like other objects, arrays form relative to the rotation of the UCS (user coordinate system). For example, the direction of the X axis is horizontal by default. For basic 2D applications, use the Angleoption to rotate the array, and do not modify the UCS axis direction.

Figure 22-14. The key points on objects you can select to define a new array base point.

Line

Polyline Object

Arc

Spline

Circle

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Multiline Text(middle center justification)

Single-Line Text(middle center justification)

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Figure 12-15. Use the Angle option to set the angle of rows in the rectangular array.

30°45°

0° Angle of Array 30° Angle of Array 45° Angle of Array


Specifying the Number of ItemsNext, specify the number of items in a pattern of rows and columns. The default

method is to locate a point at a corner of the array opposite of the base point. See Figure 12-16. Move the crosshairs before choosing a point to view a dynamic preview of the number of items.

Another technique is to use the Count option to defi ne the number of rows followed by the number of columns. You can enter a numeric value or locate a point to set the count. The Expression option, available when you are setting the row and column count, allows you to enter an equation or formula if you do not know the exact count.

Setting the Spacing between ItemsNext, set the spacing between items in the rows and columns. The default tech-

nique is to locate a point at a corner of the array opposite of the base point, which specifi es the distance between rows and columns at the same time. See Figure 12-16. Move the crosshairs before choosing a point to view a dynamic preview of the spacing.

Another technique is to use the Spacing option to defi ne the distance between rows followed by the distance between columns. You can enter a numeric value or locate a point to set the spacing. As shown in Figure 12-16, the offset refers to the distance between a point on an object and the corresponding point in the next row or column. Adjust the direction of the array using positive or negative values, as shown in Figure 12-17. The Expression option is also available for setting spacing.

Finalizing the ArrayTo create the array and exit the command, press [Enter], the space bar, or [Esc],

choose the eXit option, or right-click and select Enter. You can also adjust the array before exiting. AutoCAD draws an associative array by default. Choose the ASsociative option followed by the No option to create a nonassociative array. Chapter 13 describes working with associative arrays. Use the EXPLODE command to remove the associative property from existing arrays.

Use the Base point option to redefi ne the base point, the Rows option to change the number of rows, and the Columns option to edit the number of columns. The Total option associated with the Rows and Columns options is used to defi ne the total distance from a point on the source objects to the corresponding point on the last row or column. Grips are also available to relocate the array and make changes to the number and spacing of items. Chapter 13 explains modifying objects using grips.

associative array: An adjustable array object; all items are grouped to form a single object that you can modify, such as changing the number of items and spacing between items.

nonassociative array: An array of copied, or static, source objects that do not form a single adjustable array object.

Figure 12-16. A rectangular array with four columns and three rows. Note that the spacing is the distance between a point on an object and the corresponding point in the next row and column.

Specify opposite cornerfor number of items and

to space items

Total distance

Distance between columns

Source objects

Distance between rows

Default basepoint (centroid)


AutoCAD stores the current associative setting as the default for all arrays. Remember to change the associative setting as necessary before fi nalizing an array.

The Levels option allows you to array the source objects along the Z axis to create a 3D array. The Specify the incrementing eleva-tion between rows or [Expression] <0.000>: prompt associated with the Rows option is used to step each row a specifi ed value increas-ingly along the Z axis to create a 3D array. AutoCAD and Its Applications—Advanced provides complete information on 3D modeling.


Polar ArrayTo draw a circular pattern of objects, access the ARRAYPOLAR command and

select objects to array. An alternative is to issue the ARRAY command, select objects to array, and then choose the POlar option. AutoCAD initially prompts you to specify the center point of the array. The Base point option is available and operates the same as when you are creating a rectangular array. However, the purpose of relocating the base point for a polar array is apparent only when you edit an associative polar array, as explained in Chapter 13.

Next, specify the center point around which the objects will be arrayed. The array forms around the Z axis of the UCS. Finish constructing the array based in the infor-mation you know about the pattern. Figure 12-18 shows examples of polar arrays.

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Figure 12-17. Positive and negative offset distances determine the direction in which an array will grow.

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Specifying the Total Number of Items and Angle to FillBy default, AutoCAD prompts you to enter the number of items to array. This

method is effective if you know the total number of items and the total angle to fi ll with the items in the array. For most applications, enter a numeric value for the total number of items, including the source objects. The Expression option allows you to enter an equation or formula if you do not know the exact number of items. An alter-native is to move the crosshairs around the center point to view a dynamic preview of the array and pick when you see the desired number of items.

Then enter a positive angle to array objects in a counterclockwise direction, or enter a negative angle to array objects in a clockwise direction. Enter 360 to create a complete circular array. If you prefer, move the crosshairs around the center point to view a dynamic preview of the array and specify a point location to defi ne the angle to fi ll.

Specifying the Total Number of Items and Angle between ItemsAfter you select objects to array and locate the center point, choose the Angle

between option to specify the total number of items and the angle between adjacent objects in the array. Enter a numeric value or locate a point to set the angle between items. Then specify the total number of items as previously described.

Specifying Angle between Items and Angle to FillAfter you select objects to array and locate the center point, choose the Angle

between option to specify the angle between adjacent objects and the total angle to fi ll with the items in the array. Enter a numeric value or locate a point to set the angle between items. Then set the total angle to fi ll as previously described.


choose the eXit option, or right-click and select Enter. You can also adjust the array before exiting. Use the ASsociative option to create an associative or nonassociative array. Use the Base point option to redefi ne the base point, the Items option to change

Figure 12-18. Examples of polar arrays.

Five Items360° Angle to Fill

Four Items180° Angle to Fill

72° anglebetween items

60° anglebetween items

Default base point (centroid)

Default base point (centroid)

Source objects

Center point

Default objects

Center point


the number of items, the Angle between option to edit the angle between items, and the Fill angle option to edit the angle to fi ll.

The ROWs option allows you to form multiple rows during the array, as shown in Figure 12-19. Enter the total number of rows, including the source row. The Expressionoption allows you to enter an equation or formula. Then enter the distance between rows or choose the Total option to defi ne the total distance from a point on the source objects to the corresponding point on the last row. The Expression option is also avail-able. Respond to the last prompt with a 0 for 2D applications.

The ROTate items option is used to control whether items are rotated as they are arrayed. AutoCAD rotates items perpendicular to the center point by default. Choose the ROTate items option followed by the No option to position items in the same orien-tation as the source objects. See Figure 12-20. Grips are also available to relocate the array and make changes to the number and arrangement of items. Chapter 13 explains modifying objects using grips.

The Axis of rotation option, available after you select objects to array, allows you to array the source objects along a specifi ed axis to create a 3D array. The Levels option allows you to array the source objects along the Z axis to create a 3D array. The Specify the incrementing eleva-tion between rows or [Expression] <0.000>: prompt associated with the ROWs option is used to step each row a specifi ed value increasingly along the Z axis to create a 3D array. AutoCAD and Its Applications—Advanced provides complete information on 3D modeling.

Figure 12-19. Use the ROWs option to form multiple rows during the array. This example shows a nozzle design drawn using a polar array with 10 items, 360° angle to fill, and three rows.

Distancebetween

rows

Figure 12-20. Rotating objects in a polar array. A—Use the default Yes option of the ROTate items option to rotate the square during the array. B—Select the No option to maintain the original orientation of objects during the array. A B



Path ArrayTo array objects along a path, access the ARRAYPATH command and select objects

to array. Right-click or press [Enter] or the space bar to continue. Then pick a line, circle, arc, ellipse, polyline, spline, or helix to use as the path along which the source objects will be arrayed. Pick the object near where you want the array to begin, because the default base point is the endpoint of the path closest to where you select the path. An alternative is to issue the ARRAY command, select objects to array, choose the PAth option, and then pick the path. Once you select the objects to array and the path, AutoCAD prompts you to specify the number of items in the array. However, if neces-sary, you can adjust the orientation of items in the array before continuing.

Specifying the OrientationSelect the Orientation option to adjust the location of the base point and the rota-

tion of items in the array. The default base point is the endpoint of the path closest to where you select the path, not a point on the source objects. See Figure 12-21A. Enter the end of path curve option to use the default endpoint as the base point, or specify a different location to use as the base point. The Key point option is available for choosing a key point for the base point, as explained for creating a rectangular array. Parts B and C of Figure 12-21 show an example of changing the default base point for a path array.

The next prompt after you specify the base point requests a direction to align items with the path. By default, specify an angle from the base point to change the direction of items in the array. If necessary, use the 2Points option to control the direc-tion using two points, typically with one point other than the base point. The currentoption allows you to use the current orientation of the source objects for the array. This is appropriate when it is not necessary to change the direction, as shown in parts A, B, and C of Figure 12-21. Figure 12-21D shows an example of changing the direction to align items using the default selection from the base point and a 20° angle.

Specifying the Number of ItemsNext, enter a numeric value for the total number of items, including the source objects.

The Expression option allows you to enter an equation or formula if you do not know the

Figure 12-21. Creating an array of seven rectangles along a polyline path. A—Default orientation. B—Selecting a new base point offset from the midpoint of the top side of the rectangle, NONe orientation option. C—The result of the new base point selection made in B. D—Default base point, 20° tangent direction.

Tangent directionNew base point

Distancebetween items

Source objects

Default basepoint closest

to pathselection

Path

A B C D

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exact number of items. An alternative is to move the crosshairs along the path to view a dynamic preview of the array and pick when you see the desired number of items.

Setting the Spacing between ItemsAutoCAD then prompts you to specify the distance between items in the array.

The Expression option is available if necessary. Another common technique is to choose the Divide option to place items at equally spaced locations on the path. See Figure 12-21. AutoCAD calculates the distance between items based on the number of items you specify. The third method is to choose the Total option to defi ne the total distance from a point on the source objects to the corresponding point on the last item.


choose the eXit option, or right-click and select Enter. You can also adjust the array before exiting. Use the ASsociative option to create an associative or nonassociative array. Use the Base point option to redefi ne the base point and the Items option to change the number of items. The Rows option allows you to form multiple rows during the array, similar to the ROWs option available for creating a polar array.

Use the Align items option to control the alignment of items along the path. Items align with the path by default. See Figure 12-22A. Choose the Align items option, followed by the No option, to apply the alignment of the source objects to all items along the path. See Figure 12-22B.

The NORmal orientation option allows you to array items normal (often perpendicular) to the path to create a 3D array. The Levelsoption, available before exiting, allows you to array the source objects along the Z axis to create a 3D array. The Z direction option, also available before exiting, is used to maintain the orientation or items along a 3D path. AutoCAD and Its Applications—Advancedprovides complete information on 3D modeling.


Figure 12-22. Creating an array of four palm trees along a spline path for a landscape elevation. Use the Align items option to set alignment of items along the path.

Items Aligned to Path Items Not Aligned to Path


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12Chapter ReviewAnswer the following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper or complete the electronic chapter review on the companion website.www.g-wlearning.com/CAD

1. How would you rotate an object 45° clockwise? 2. Briefly describe the two methods of using the Reference option of the ROTATE

command. 3. Name the command that you can use to move and rotate an object at the same time. 4. How many points must you select to align an object in a 2D drawing? 5. Explain the difference between the MOVE and COPY commands. 6. Which command allows you to draw a reflected image of an existing object? 7. What is the purpose of the REVERSE command? 8. What is the difference between polar and rectangular arrays? 9. What does AutoCAD use as the default base point for a rectangular array? 10. Suppose an object is 1.5″ (38 mm) wide and you want to create a rectangular

array with .75″ (19 mm) spacing between objects. What should you specify for the distance between columns?

11. Define associative array. 12. How do you specify a clockwise circular array rotation? 13. What value should you specify for the angle to fill to create a complete circular array? 14. List the objects you can use as a path for a path array. 15. Describe the spacing between items that occurs when you use the Divide option of

the ARRAYPATH command.

Drawing ProblemsStart AutoCAD if it is not already started. Start a new drawing for each problem using an appropriate template of your choice. The template should include layers and text styles for draw-ing the given objects. Add layers and text styles as needed. Draw all objects using appropriate layers, text styles, justification, and format. Follow the specific instructions for each problem. Use only drawing and editing commands and techniques you have already learned. Do not draw dimensions. Use your own judgment and approximate dimensions when necessary.

▼ Basic 1. Open P11-1 and save the file as P12-1. (If you have not yet completed problem 11-1,

complete it now.) The P12-1 file should be active. Rotate the object 90° to the right and mirror the object to the left. Use the vertical base of the object as the mirror line. The final drawing should look like the example below. Resave the drawing.


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2. Open P11-2 and save the file as P12-2. (If you have not yet completed problem 11-2, complete it now.) The P12-2 file should be active. Make two copies of the object to the right of the original object. Scale the first copy 1.5 times the size of the original object. Scale the second copy 2 times the size of the original object. Move the objects so they are approximately centered in the drawing area. Move the objects as needed to align the bases of all objects and provide an equal amount of space between the objects. The final drawing should look like the example below. Resave the drawing.

3. Draw Objects A, B, and C. Make a copy of Object A two units up. Make four copies of Object B three units up, center to center. Make three copies of Object C three units up, center to center. Save the drawing as P12-3.

4. Open P11-4 and save the file as P12-4. (If you have not yet completed problem 11-4, complete it now.) The P12-4 file should be active. Draw a mirror image as Object B. Then remove the original view and move the new view so that Point 2 is at the original Point 1 location. Resave the drawing.

Object A Object B Object C

Object A Object B

Point 1 Point 2


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12▼ Intermediate 5. Draw the palm trees along the spline for the portion of the landscape elevation

shown. Use the ARRAYPATH command as needed. Save the drawing as P12-5.

6. Draw the part view shown. The object is symmetrical; therefore, draw only one half. Mirror the other half into place. Use the CHAMFER and FILLET commands to your best advantage. All fillets and rounds are .125. Use the JOIN command where necessary. Use the Array option of the COPY command to array the row of ∅.500 holes. Save the drawing as P12-6.


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7. Draw the portion of the part view shown. Mirror the right half into place. Use the CHAMFER and FILLET commands to your best advantage. Save the drawing as P12-7.

8. Draw the electronic schematic symbols shown. Mirror the drawing, but make sure the text remains readable. Delete the original image during the mirroring process. Save the drawing as P12-8.


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12 9. Draw the timer schematic shown. Save the drawing as P12-9.

10. Use tracking and object snaps to draw the board shown, based on the following instructions:A. Draw the outline first, followed by the ten ∅.500 holes (A).B. The holes labeled B are located vertically halfway between the centers of the holes

labeled A. They have a diameter one-quarter the size of the holes labeled A.C. The holes labeled C are located vertically halfway between the holes labeled A

and B. Their diameter is three-quarters of the diameter of the holes labeled B.D. The holes labeled D are located horizontally halfway between the centers of

the holes labeled A. These holes have the same diameter as the holes labeled B.E. Draw the rectangles around the circles as shown.F. Do not draw dimensions, notes, or labels.G. Save the drawing as P12-10.

A

D

C C C C C

C C C C C

D D D

B B B B B

D D D D

A A A A

A A A A A


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11. Draw the portion of the gasket shown on the left. Use the MIRROR command to complete the gasket as shown on the right. Save the drawing as P12-11.

12. Draw the padded bench shown. Use the COPY and ARRAY commands as needed. Save the drawing as P12-12.


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12 13. Draw the hand wheel shown. Use the ARRAYPOLAR command to draw the

spokes. Save the drawing as P12-13.

▼ Advanced 14. Use the engineer’s sketch and notes shown to draw the sprocket. Create a front

and side view of the sprocket. Use the ARRAYPOLAR command as needed. Save the drawing as P12-14.


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15. Draw the views of the sprocket shown. Use ARRAYPOLAR to construct the hole and tooth arrangements. Save the drawing as P12-15.

16. Draw the refrigeration system schematic shown. Save the drawing as P12-16.


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12 17. The structural sketch shown is a steel column arrangement on a concrete floor

slab for a new building. The I-shaped symbols represent the steel columns. The columns are arranged in “bay lines” and “column lines.” The column lines are numbered 1, 2, and 3. The bay lines are labeled A through G. The width of a bay is 24′-0″. Line balloons, or tags, identify the bay and column lines. Draw the arrange-ment, using ARRAYRECT for the steel column symbols and the tags. The following guidelines will help:A. Begin a new drawing using an architectural template.B. Select architectural units and set up the drawing to print on a 36 × 24 sheet

size. Determine the scale required for the floor plan to fit on this sheet size and specify the drawing limits accordingly.

C. Draw the steel column symbol to the dimensions given.D. Set the grid spacing at 2′-0″ (24″).E. Set the snap spacing at 12″.F. Draw all other objects.G. Place text inside the balloon tags. Set the running object snap mode to Center

and justify the text to Middle. Make the text height 6″.H. Save the drawing as P12-17.


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18. The sketch shown is a proposed classroom layout of desks and chairs. One desk is shown with the layout of a chair, keyboard, monitor, and tower-mounted computer (drawn with dotted lines). All of the desk workstations should have the same configuration. The exact sizes and locations of the doors and windows are not important for this problem. Use the following guidelines to complete this problem:A. Begin a new drawing.B. Choose architectural units.C. Set up the drawing to print on a C-size sheet, and be sure to create the drawing

in model space.D. Use the appropriate drawing and editing commands to complete this problem

quickly and efficiently.E. Draw the desk and computer hardware to the dimensions given.F. Do not dimension the drawing.G. Save the drawing as P12-18.


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12 19. Draw the front elevation of this house. Create the features proportional to the

given drawing. Use the ARRAYRECT and TRIM commands to place the siding and porch rails evenly. Save the drawing as P12-19.

20. Create a dimensioned 2D sketch of a new design for an automobile wheel. Sketch a front view and a side view. Use dimensions based on your experience, research, and measurements. The design must include a circular repetition of features. Start a new drawing from scratch or use a decimal-unit template of your choice. Draw the views of the wheel from your sketch. Use the ARRAYPOLAR command to draw the circular pattern of features. Save the drawing as P12-20.


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AutoCAD Certified Associate Exam PracticeAnswer the following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following can you do using the MOVE command? Select all that apply. A. move objects relative to the origin (0,0,0)B. move objects from a base point to a second specified pointC. rotate objects during the move operationD. use the first point you pick as the point of displacementE. use a scale factor

2. In which order do you pick the source and destination points when using the ALIGN command? Select the one item that best answers the question. A. destination point 1, destination point 2, source point 1, source point 2B. destination point 1, source point 1, destination point 2, source point 2C. destination point 2, source point 2, destination point 1, source point 1 D. source point 1, destination point 1, source point 2, destination point 2E. source point 1, source point 2, destination point 1, destination point 2

3. In the array shown below, what would you enter for the row and column offsets? Select the one item that best answers the question.A. row offset 1.00, column offset 2.00 B. row offset 2.00, column offset 1.00C. row offset 2.00, column offset 4.00D. row offset 4.00, column offset 2.00E. row offset 5.00, column offset 6.00F. row offset 6.00, column offset 5.00

AutoCAD Certified Professional Exam PracticeFollow the instructions in each problem. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Navigate to this chapter on the companion website and open CPE-12array.dwg.Use the ARRAYPOLAR command to finish the view of a fan plate as shown. Analyze the drawing and use the most appropriate options for the polar array. What are the coordinates of Point 1?

Ø4.00

1.00

2.00

Point 1(midpoint)


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12 2. Navigate to this chapter on the companion website and open CPE-12mirror.dwg.

Create a mirror line starting at absolute coordinates 13′,8′ and extending 5′ at 120°. Mirror the couch across this line. What are the coordinates of Point 1?

Point 1

Documents

Chapter Arranging and Patterning Objects - g-w.com · This chapter explains methods for arranging and patterning existing objects using basic editing commands