CHAPTER 9 – WATER & OUR WORLD

9.1 – Exploring the Deep

Exploring the Deep• SCUBA (Self Contained

Underwater Breathing Apparatus)

Exploring the Deep• Newt Suit – pressurized

suit that allows divers to go down to depths of more than 300m

Beneath the Surface

• Nautile

From The SurfaceSonar (Sound NAvigation

and Ranging)

Oceans from Above

Aerial Photography and satellite imaging can provide us with information

• Shoreline movement

• Pollution

• Hurricanes and tropical storms

9.2 – Oil: Wealth from the Ocean

Floor

OILWhat is It?

Oil is the liquefied remains of organisms that lived millions of

years ago

Oil deposits lie deep under layers of rock

and beneath the ocean floor

Drilling for Oil• Offshore drilling wells

are used to reach oil deposits deep under the ocean surface

Oil Spills• Oil spills are a major

threat to the environment

• Oil spills happen from either extraction or transportation

• Over the last 30 years, most of the oil has been from tanker accidents

Oil Spills• Some oil settles on the

ocean bottom

• Some evaporates

• Some is dispersed at sea

• Most washes up on the nearby coast

Ecosystem Effects• Birds-feathers and

ingestion

• Other animals are either poisoned or die from eating oiled animals

Exxon Valdez

• 40 863 000 L of oil spilled

• 22 orcas

• 250 bald eagles

• 300 harbour seals

• 2800 sea otters

• 250 000 birds

• Billions of fish eggs

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9.4 - Biodiversity

Biodiversity

• A measure of the number of different organisms in an area

• Some marine ecosystems have greater biodiversity than others

Biodiversity in Marine Ecosystems• Continental shelves

• Estuaries

• Marshes

• Abyssal plain

Adapted For Survival

• All organisms adapt in life under specific conditions and can only accept minor changes to the environment

• For example most marine life would die if placed in fresh water

• Why do Estuaries make it difficult for organiam to live?

What organisms seems to have adapted the best? Why

What organism seems to have limited adapatations? Why

Benefits to Biodiversity•The more diverse an ecosystem is

the more easily it can withstand change

•An ecosystem with little diversity is fragile (weak) and any change will greatly affect all organisms in that ecosystem.

•If one organism is introduced and if one disappears from this weak ecosystem.