THEME : Investigating the relationship between living things and the environment

Chapter 9 : Endangered Ecosystem

9.1 : Human activities that threaten an ecosystem

Human activities which is unplanned properly can caused endangered ecosystem

Human activity

Impact

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1. What are the human unplanned activities that give a bad impact to the ecosystem.

2. State the impact which might happened to the ecosystem due to unplanned human activities

3. Construct a table to show a relationship between human activities and the impact to the ecosystem

Types and causes of pollution

1. Environmental pollution is getting worst .

2. What is the meaning of pollution?

3. There are 4 types of pollution. List them down1.______________________________2.______________________________3.______________________________4.______________________________

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4. Complete the following table:

Types of pollutions Causes of pollutions

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Air pollution

1. Air pollution has various types of pollutants. Complete the mind map according to the pollutants given. Include the characteristic and also the example of pollutants in your mind map.

Pollutant: Particles ( smoke ,dust and tiny particle), carbon dioxide,, carbon monoxide,, nitrogen oxide, sulphure dioxide, ozone,, plumbum, hydrocarbon, agrochemical.

Air pollutant

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2. Complete the diagram below:

Figure 1

3. According to the figure above, explain how acid rain is formed.

4. List down the effect of acid rain to human and environment.

Acid rain

Motor vehicleFactory

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5. Air pollution can affected human health, building, living things, agriculture and climate. Construct mind map according to the issues given.

a.

The effect of air pollution to human health

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b.

The effect of air pollution to building and living

things

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c.

The effect of air pollution to agriculture

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d.

The effect of air pollution to climate

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6. You are asked to plan and design an experiment on solid air pollution from various different area in your school. In your planning include the following aspects ;

Objective of study Statement of hypothesis Experimental variable List of apparatus and materials Procedure Results / observation Conclusion

Water Pollution

1. In group of four, discuss the topic given:

Group 1 Agriculture waste can caused water contamination .(Related it with the

process of Eutrophication) What are the effects to the animals and plants habitat?

Group 2 The domestic waste and non biodegradable rubbish which flow to the

river causes water contamination. What are the effects to the human health?

Group 3 Oil spills in the river and sea can cause water pollution and what are the

effects to the animals and plants habitat?

Group 4 Industrial toxic waste flows to the river can cause water pollution. What

are the effects to the human health?

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2. Complete the table below according to the information in the figure above

The whole process is called Eutrophication

Lack of oxygen cause aquatic organism dead

Plants dead because sunlight blocked by algae

Nitrate and Phosphate

fertilizer flow to the pond

Algae growth and cover the water surface

Vegetables farm with nitrate and phosphate fertilizer

Ponds full with nitrite and phosphate

fertilizer

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The water pollution level can be measured by biochemical oxygen demand(B.O.D). What is the Biochemical Oxygen Demand?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the B.O.D level to show the good quality of water. Explain why.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. You need to plan and design the experiment to determine the level of water pollution from river, pond, drain and water tab. In your planning include the following aspects;

Objective of study Statement of hypothesis Experiment variable List of apparatus and material Procedure Results / Observation Conclusion

5. Students are ask to discuss in group and write the report according to the following issues:

(a) “Air and water pollution in the developing area was increasing year by year. Residence increasing and construction lot of the road, high-rise building, new developing of housing area, increasing of industrial area and other infrastructure contribute to the increasing the pollution. ”

Discuss how the development increasing process mention above affected to the air and water pollution at that area.

(b) What are the actions can be taken to solve or avoid the problem of water and air pollution at that area mention (a)

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Thermal Pollution

Releasing excess heat to the environment Interfere and dangerous to the human and other organism

Thermal Pollution

Water Reflection of mirror

Description Description

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Noise Pollution

Noise intensity is measure in units decibel(dB) …………………….

This pollution normally take time to show the effect. The noise pollution happened when measured level more than 80…….

State 3 location where need the lower noise pollution

Noise pollution Lower location

Do the investigation to the machineries that you’ve seen. Observe the method which have taken to reduce the noise pollution.

Example : Silencer cylinder at exhaust motorcycle

Find another example which is suitable.

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9.2 Greenhouse Effect And Thinning Of The Ozone

Greenhouse effect

Global Warming

Pollution is a worldwide issue Involve human activities

Examples of global warming

i. ………………………………….ii. ………………………………….iii. ………………………………….iv. ………………………………….

The effects of global warming.

Draw and label a diagram showing thinning of the ozone layer .

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Measures taken

Increase in carbon dioxide and earth temperature.

Excessive emission of carbon dioxide is a phenomenon that should be controlled. Think of a way to overcome the excessive emission of carbon dioxide.

Thinning of the ozone layer

Ozone Ozone gas (O3 ) occurs naturally in the in the stratosphere layer( ozone layer)

which is 17-25 km above the Earth’s surface. There is evidence of ozone depletion Made up of 3 oxygen atoms

Effects of global warming

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Give a few examples of substances/gas that will react with ozone molecule to form molecular oxygen

React with

What is the main cause of ozone depletion?

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Give 3 impact of ozone depletion on humans .

I. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

II. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

III. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Discuss the effects of ozone depletion

a) on the environment………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ozone

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b) on human health………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) on weather patterns ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) on agriculture output………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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The Need Of Planned Development And Management Of Ecosystem

The human population of the world is increasing The increasing of human population will effects our ecosystem Have you ever think of the effects on the increasing of human population to the

ecosystem? Form four group discussions

Discuss the problems and effects on the on the increasing of human populationfrom aspects such as :

Aspect Discussion

1.Residential Area

2. Food supply

3. Socioeconomics problem

4. Ecosystem

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The increasing of world population will contribute to the need of development. Development is vital to upgrade the quality of life. State three objectives of development:

1……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Economic growth and rapid developmentmust take into account the efficient management of the ecosystem

Unplanned development will give adverse effects to the ecosystem There are some measures that can be taken in managing the development of the

ecosystem to ensure a balance of nature

Management of development and ecosystem is vital to the balance of environment for survival of living things.

From the above statement, construct a mind map and list down measures that should be taken into management of development and ecosystem before any development activities can be carry out from aspects such as:

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1.

2.

Implementation of laws

The use of technology

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3.

4..

Education on the management of resources

Preservation andConservation of land ,water, forest andMangrove swamp

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5.

6.

Biological ControlPractices

The use of renewableenergy and efficient use of

energy

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7.

Diagram above shows a few environmental activities that can threaten our ecosystem.Prepare a report on these activity sand measures taken to over come it.

Maintaining human and plant resources

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10.4 Ecosystem management

Class activity :Organise a forum in your class and appoint :

a. Forum chairmanb. First panel member as a representative from DOE (Department Of Environment)c. Second panel member as the Head Of Town Boardd. Third panel member as a representative from Nature Lovers’ Clube. A representative from the audience to comment or raised question to the

members of the panel question to the members of the panel

The discussion should encompass:

a. Maintaining resourcesb. Biological controlc. Preservation and conservationd. The use of technologye. Education on the management of resources f. Legislation and implementation of laws

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ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM

Human activities that threaten the ecosystem

Management and ecosystem development needs

Greenhouse effect and thinning of the ozone

Type and sources of pollution

Global warming Climatic change

Thermal pollution

Noise pollution

Air pollution

Water pollution

Flash floods

Eutrophication

Soil erosion

Ecosystem management methods

Human development and management effects

Management towards balance of nature

Maintaining resources

Technology

Preservation and conservation

Education

Biological control

Implementation and laws

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