Chapter 9 sections 1 and 2 Chapter 9 sections 1 and 2 PPPP

Emerging Europe and the Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire 400-Byzantine Empire 400-

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Big IdeaBig Idea

Germanic tribes became the Germanic tribes became the dominant force after the fall of dominant force after the fall of Rome, while Christianity Rome, while Christianity became the dominant religion. became the dominant religion. Rome became the center of the Rome became the center of the Catholic Churches power and a Catholic Churches power and a new empire would emerge. new empire would emerge.

The New Germanic KingdomsThe New Germanic Kingdoms German peoples began taking control of German peoples began taking control of

Western Europe after the fall of RomeWestern Europe after the fall of Rome VisigothsVisigoths- Occupied Spain- Occupied Spain OstrogothsOstrogoths – Occupied Italy – Occupied Italy Some Roman structures of government Some Roman structures of government

were held in place, but most Romans were held in place, but most Romans were restricted from power by the were restricted from power by the Germans.Germans.

Angles and Saxons from Denmark and Angles and Saxons from Denmark and Germany settled in Britain, and became Germany settled in Britain, and became the the Anglo-Saxons.Anglo-Saxons.

Europe around 500 A.DEurope around 500 A.D..

Kingdom of the FranksKingdom of the Franks

The longest lasting Germanic kingdom The longest lasting Germanic kingdom was the Frankswas the Franks

Kingdom was established by ClovisKingdom was established by Clovis He eventually adopted Christianity.He eventually adopted Christianity. By becoming Christian, he gained the By becoming Christian, he gained the

support of the Roman Catholic church. support of the Roman Catholic church. With his newly gained power, Clovis With his newly gained power, Clovis

conquered many neighboring German conquered many neighboring German tribes and united all of the Frankstribes and united all of the Franks

ClovisClovis

Germanic SocietyGermanic Society

Germans and Romans intermarried Germans and Romans intermarried over timeover time

Family was extremely important in Family was extremely important in Germany, as land was farmed Germany, as land was farmed together by the entire extended together by the entire extended family, and passed on to the next family, and passed on to the next generationsgenerations

Their law system was very different Their law system was very different than the Roman system. than the Roman system.

Concept of Family and JusticeConcept of Family and Justice

The German concept of family The German concept of family created “blood” feuds. created “blood” feuds.

If one man harmed another, or If one man harmed another, or committed a crime against another, committed a crime against another, this could lead to horrible acts of this could lead to horrible acts of violent revenge. This was totally violent revenge. This was totally acceptable in German society.acceptable in German society.

To avoid bloodshed, they changed To avoid bloodshed, they changed the punishments to a monetary fine the punishments to a monetary fine called a Wergild. called a Wergild.

WergildWergild If you committed a crime, you paid a If you committed a crime, you paid a

fine. fine. It was more expensive if the crime was It was more expensive if the crime was

committed against a wealthy mancommitted against a wealthy man It was also less expensive if committed It was also less expensive if committed

against a poor man. against a poor man. Determining guilt was done through an Determining guilt was done through an

Ordeal. Ordeal. An ordeal would be a physical test. If An ordeal would be a physical test. If

you made it through the test with no you made it through the test with no harm, you would be presumed innocent. harm, you would be presumed innocent.

OrdealOrdeal

Example: Example:

Grabbing a red Grabbing a red hot piece of hot piece of metal. If you metal. If you were unharmed were unharmed by the Ordeal, by the Ordeal, you were you were innocent! innocent!

The Role of the ChurchThe Role of the Church

The Church also helped fill The Church also helped fill the void left by the Roman the void left by the Roman collapsecollapse

Organization of the ChurchOrganization of the Church

A A priestpriest led local Christian led local Christian communities called communities called parishesparishes

A group of parishes was headed by a A group of parishes was headed by a Bishop.Bishop. His area of authority was His area of authority was called a a bishopric or a diocese.called a a bishopric or a diocese.

The bishoprics were joined together, The bishoprics were joined together, and led by an and led by an archbishop.archbishop.

Monks and MonasteriesMonks and Monasteries Monks helped convert non-Christians Monks helped convert non-Christians

throughout Europe.throughout Europe. Monk-Monk- Someone who separates Someone who separates

themselves from society and themselves from society and dedicates their life to Christianitydedicates their life to Christianity

MonasticismMonasticism- The life of a monk- The life of a monk St. Benedict-St. Benedict- Created a set of rules Created a set of rules

for monks to follow. The community for monks to follow. The community he created was a model for all he created was a model for all monks.monks.

St. BenedictSt. Benedict

Life of a MonkLife of a Monk

Everyday monks practiced physical Everyday monks practiced physical labor and prayer.labor and prayer.

They also chanted Psalms or They also chanted Psalms or sacred songssacred songs

They were the highest ideal for They were the highest ideal for Christian lifeChristian life

They were also social workers, They were also social workers, teachers, ran hospitals, and taught teachers, ran hospitals, and taught peasants carpentry and weaving. peasants carpentry and weaving.

Significance of MonksSignificance of Monks

Monasteries were centers of Monasteries were centers of learninglearning

They spread ChristianityThey spread Christianity English and Irish Missionaries did English and Irish Missionaries did

the leg work in spreading the leg work in spreading ChristianityChristianity

By 1050 most Europeans were By 1050 most Europeans were Catholic Catholic

Carolingian EmpireCarolingian Empire Over time, power shifted away from Over time, power shifted away from

Frankish kings to Pepin, son of Charles Frankish kings to Pepin, son of Charles Martel (battle of tours)Martel (battle of tours)

When Pepin died his son Charlemagne When Pepin died his son Charlemagne took over.took over.

He was a great leader, powerful warrior, He was a great leader, powerful warrior, strong statesmen, and a pious Christian.strong statesmen, and a pious Christian.

From 768-814 he ruled the Carolingian From 768-814 he ruled the Carolingian Empire Empire

Carolingian Empire (in orange)Carolingian Empire (in orange)

Charlemagne as EmperorCharlemagne as Emperor

800 A.D. 800 A.D. Charlemagne named Charlemagne named Roman EmperorRoman Emperor

Symbolized the Symbolized the joining of Roman, joining of Roman, Christian, and Christian, and Germanic elements.Germanic elements.

Created a new Created a new civilization with the civilization with the Catholic Church in Catholic Church in Rome as the center. Rome as the center.

Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance

During the reign of Charlemagne’s During the reign of Charlemagne’s empire, there was a renewal in empire, there was a renewal in learning. Especially Greek and learning. Especially Greek and Roman ideas. Roman ideas.

Monks established Monks established scriptoriascriptoria, or , or writing rooms to copy and translate writing rooms to copy and translate ancient works.ancient works.

Most of the ancient Roman works Most of the ancient Roman works that we have today are from the that we have today are from the Monks translations.Monks translations.

Chapter 9 section 2Chapter 9 section 2

FeudalismFeudalism

End of the Carolingian EmpireEnd of the Carolingian Empire

Charlemagne died at age 72 in 814.Charlemagne died at age 72 in 814. This created a giant power vacuum. This created a giant power vacuum. Local authorities gained much power Local authorities gained much power

as Carolingian rulers fought each as Carolingian rulers fought each other. other.

While the central governments fought, While the central governments fought, local people and landowners had to local people and landowners had to find a way to keep the peace. find a way to keep the peace.

This leads to Feudalism.This leads to Feudalism.

Feudalism =Feudalism =

the legal and social system in the legal and social system in medieval Europe, in which people medieval Europe, in which people were given land and protection by a were given land and protection by a lord in return for which they worked lord in return for which they worked and fought for him Also called: and fought for him Also called: ((feudal systemfeudal system) )

InvadersInvaders

Besides the fighting between Besides the fighting between Carolingian rulers, outside invasions Carolingian rulers, outside invasions also played a large role in this also played a large role in this development. development.

MagyarsMagyars from Western Asia invaded from Western Asia invaded Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

MuslimsMuslims attacked Southern Europe attacked Southern Europe NormansNormans (Vikings) attacked Northern (Vikings) attacked Northern

Europe had a lasting affect.Europe had a lasting affect.

Effects of InvasionsEffects of Invasions

While the central governments of the While the central governments of the Carolingian empire were fighting Carolingian empire were fighting amongst themselves people needed amongst themselves people needed more protection. more protection.

The foreign invasions made this even The foreign invasions made this even more of a necessity, and is another more of a necessity, and is another major reason for the development of major reason for the development of Feudalism.Feudalism.

VikingsVikings Great Seamen. Their shipbuilding skills Great Seamen. Their shipbuilding skills

were tremendous, allowing them to were tremendous, allowing them to travel the seas and up shallow rivers as travel the seas and up shallow rivers as well. well.

What advantage would this give What advantage would this give them?them?

They were very violent, as they sacked They were very violent, as they sacked village after village.village after village.

Overtime they settled down, were given Overtime they settled down, were given land by Kings, and adopted Christianity. land by Kings, and adopted Christianity.

Why do you think local kings would give Why do you think local kings would give them land and purposely convert them them land and purposely convert them to Christianity? to Christianity?

Development of FeudalismDevelopment of Feudalism

What led to this development? (See a What led to this development? (See a few slides ago) Explain this in your few slides ago) Explain this in your own words! own words!

??

Knights and VassalsKnights and Vassals

Vassal-Vassal- A man who served a lord in a A man who served a lord in a military capacity was a vassal.military capacity was a vassal.

Knights-Knights- Heavily armored horseman, Heavily armored horseman, who used lances to impale their who used lances to impale their enemies. enemies.

For almost 500 years Knights For almost 500 years Knights dominated warfare in Europedominated warfare in Europe

Knights were given land, and funding Knights were given land, and funding for their weapons in return for for their weapons in return for defending the lord.defending the lord.

Feudal ContractFeudal Contract

Having loyalty to a lord was a Having loyalty to a lord was a virtuevirtue

This relationship between vassal This relationship between vassal and lord, was made official in a and lord, was made official in a public ceremony.public ceremony.

To become a vassal, one had to To become a vassal, one had to perform an act of homage to his perform an act of homage to his lord. lord.

Complicated SystemComplicated System

The system was not always as simple as The system was not always as simple as the prior slides indicate.the prior slides indicate.

There were more powerful lords, less There were more powerful lords, less powerful lords, more powerful vassals powerful lords, more powerful vassals and knights, as well as less powerful and knights, as well as less powerful knights and vassals all working under the knights and vassals all working under the same power structure.same power structure.

The common people, or The common people, or peasantspeasants, , worked the fields and lived in the small worked the fields and lived in the small village on the lords land.village on the lords land.

Feudal SocietyFeudal Society Warfare was a popular and a way of life Warfare was a popular and a way of life

for lords and knightsfor lords and knights TTournamentsournaments formed to help train young formed to help train young

knights, and entertain peopleknights, and entertain people ChivalryChivalry- This was a code knights had to - This was a code knights had to

live by. live by. They were supposed to fight for noble They were supposed to fight for noble

causes, treat women with respect, and causes, treat women with respect, and not receive material rewards for fighting not receive material rewards for fighting battles.battles.

This was not usually followed. This was not usually followed.

Jousting at a TournamentJousting at a Tournament

A Knight’s Armor. What A Knight’s Armor. What would be the advantages would be the advantages and disadvantages to this and disadvantages to this

stuff? stuff?

Various other weaponsVarious other weapons

Aristocratic Women’s RolesAristocratic Women’s Roles

Women had a huge Women had a huge responsibility, even though they responsibility, even though they were not allowed to own land. were not allowed to own land.

If the lord was away at war, they If the lord was away at war, they had to keep order in the house had to keep order in the house including all financial records, including all financial records, and the food supply for the and the food supply for the community within the house. community within the house.

Women Continued Women Continued Some women also dominated their Some women also dominated their

husbands such as husbands such as Eleanor of Eleanor of Aquitaine.Aquitaine.

She was married to King Louis VII of She was married to King Louis VII of France, and later to King Henry of France, and later to King Henry of England.England.

She was very influential in England, She was very influential in England, even after her husband died. even after her husband died.

2 of her sons became kings of 2 of her sons became kings of England.England.