Chapter 9, Section 4Chapter 9, Section 4

The War of 1812The War of 1812

War BeginsWar Begins

• The American army was unprepared for The American army was unprepared for war, with few troops and minimal war, with few troops and minimal leadership.leadership.

• The American army had underestimated The American army had underestimated the Native Americans and their allies.the Native Americans and their allies.

• General William Hull was defeated at General William Hull was defeated at Detroit, which is what began the war.Detroit, which is what began the war.

Naval BattlesNaval Battles

Oliver Hazard Perry, commander of the Oliver Hazard Perry, commander of the Lake Erie Naval Forces, defeated the Lake Erie Naval Forces, defeated the British in a bloody battle.British in a bloody battle.

William Henry Harrison defeated the William Henry Harrison defeated the British and the Native Americans in the British and the Native Americans in the Battle of the Thames, where Tecumseh Battle of the Thames, where Tecumseh was killed.was killed.

The The Constitution, Constitution, an American frigatean American frigate, , destroyed two British vesselsdestroyed two British vessels

Setbacks for Native AmericansSetbacks for Native Americans

With Tecumseh’s death, hopes for a With Tecumseh’s death, hopes for a Native American confederacy diedNative American confederacy died

In 1814, Andrew Jackson attacked the In 1814, Andrew Jackson attacked the Creeks in the Mississippi territoryCreeks in the Mississippi territory

In the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, more In the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, more than 550 Creeks were slaughtered and than 550 Creeks were slaughtered and they were forced to give up most of their they were forced to give up most of their land to the United Statesland to the United States

Attack on Washington D.C.Attack on Washington D.C.

In August of 1814, the British marched into In August of 1814, the British marched into D.C. and planned to burn and destroy D.C. and planned to burn and destroy every buildingevery building

The Capitol and the president’s mansion The Capitol and the president’s mansion were among the building burnedwere among the building burned

Dolley Madison, James’s wife, saved Dolley Madison, James’s wife, saved many important artifacts from the mansion many important artifacts from the mansion as possible, including a painting of George as possible, including a painting of George WashingtonWashington

Baltimore Holds FirmBaltimore Holds Firm

The British did not try to hold Washington, The British did not try to hold Washington, but instead moved forward to capture but instead moved forward to capture BaltimoreBaltimore

The American troops were ready and The American troops were ready and defended Baltimore with a ferocious defended Baltimore with a ferocious bombardment from Fort McHenry in the bombardment from Fort McHenry in the harborharbor

This is where Francis Scott Key wrote the This is where Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled BannerStar Spangled Banner

Defeat at PlattsburghDefeat at Plattsburgh

General Sir George Prevost led more than General Sir George Prevost led more than 10,000 British troops to capture Plattsburg10,000 British troops to capture Plattsburg

The American naval force on Lake The American naval force on Lake Champlain defeated the British fleet, Champlain defeated the British fleet, stopping the invasionstopping the invasion

The British decided after this defeat that The British decided after this defeat that war with America would be too costly and war with America would be too costly and was not worth the effortwas not worth the effort

The War EndsThe War Ends

The Treaty of Ghent did not change any The Treaty of Ghent did not change any existing borders or mention the existing borders or mention the impressment of sailorsimpressment of sailors

Before news of the treaty reached the US, Before news of the treaty reached the US, the Battle of New Orleans occurred, the Battle of New Orleans occurred, because the mail was so slowbecause the mail was so slow

Andrew Jackson won the battle and Andrew Jackson won the battle and became a war hero for itbecame a war hero for it

American NationalismAmerican Nationalism

Many New England Federalists came together at Many New England Federalists came together at the Hartford Convention, where they drew up the Hartford Convention, where they drew up proposed amendments to the Constitutionproposed amendments to the Constitution

Once the country found out about the treaty, the Once the country found out about the treaty, the Federalists proposal appeared unpatriotic and Federalists proposal appeared unpatriotic and they lost respectthey lost respect

As a result of the War of 1812, Americans felt a As a result of the War of 1812, Americans felt a sense of patriotism and a strong, national sense of patriotism and a strong, national identityidentity