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9.1 Introduction

The Constitution is divided into parts calledarticles.

Each article is divided into sections.

Why is the Constitution known as a livingdocument?

Because it is stable, yet it changes with the times.

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9.2 Whats The Preamble?

The Preamble is the first paragraph of thedocument; it states the goals of theConstitution.

What do the words We the people imply? Popular sovereignty; that the authority of the

government comes from the people.

Goals: 1. Justice (law), 2. domestic tranquility,(peace) 3. common defense, (army) 4. generalwelfare (economy), 5. liberty (freedom)

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9.3 The Legislative Branch Makes the

LawsHow is Congress Structured?

Congress is bicameral, meaning it is made up of twohouses: the House of Reps. and the Senate.

Senators must be at least 30 years old and serve 6 year

terms. Members of the house must be at least 25 and serve 2

year terms

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How Does Congress Pass Laws?

A proposed law is called a bill, in which any member ofeither house can submit.

Majority in one house must vote in favor of it, then it issent to the other house and voted on.

What happens next? If both houses approve, it is then sent to the president to

sign. When president signs, the bill becomes law.

Only the House of Reps can propose new taxes.

What can the president do if he doesnt like the bill?

Pres. can veto (reject) a bill, but Congress can override theveto with 2/3 vote.

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What Are the Powers of Congress? 1. Spend money raised through taxes.

2. Raise an army and a navy.

3. Declare war.

4. Pay government debts (Borrow $).

5. Grant citizenship.

Elastic Clause: gives Congress the power to makelaws that are necessary for it to do its jobgivesCongress flexibility.

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The Powers of Congress

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What are the Powers of the President?

President is commander in chief of military.

(With consent of Senate) make treaties.

Nominate ambassadors (official reps.) and SupremeCourt justices.

Grant pardons; excuse people convicted of violating

federal laws. Heads of the executive departments are members of

the presidents cabinet.

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Executive Departments

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9.5 The Judicial Branch Interprets The

Laws

The judicial branch is the system of federal courts andjudges that are supposed to protect the Constitution.

They resolve disputes involving national laws, thefederal government, or the states.

What Is the Federal Court System?

Two main sets of lower courts: district and appellate.

Most fed. cases originally heard in district courts.

What if you dont think a decision was fair? Appeals are heard in appellate courts who determine

if the original trial was fair.

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What are the Powers of the Supreme Court? Supreme Court has final decision.

Currently made up of 9 members called justices thatserve a lifetime term.

How do Justices make a decision?

Justices debate amongst themselves and vote on a

decision. Judicial Review: Supreme Court decides if legislative

and executive decisions conflict with the Constitution.

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