CHAPTER 9INDIA (500 b.c.e – 500 c.e.)

MAURYAN EMPIRE

CHANDRAGUPTA

•First empire•Efficient govt.•Military expansion

PATALIPUTRA

•18 sq. mi.•Largest city

GOVT.

•Provinces, districts•Secret police

MILITARY

•700k men•Expansion, power

ECONOMY

•Mining, manufacturing•Infrastructure •Foreign trade•State-controlled •Promote private investment

ASHOKA

•Grandson•Most popular ruler•Buddhism official religion

▫Expansion

•Religious toleration

MAURYAN DECLINE

•After Ashoka’s death•Logistical issues

▫Large empire

GUPTA (320-500)

•Reunite India•Cultural renaissance

GUPTA

•Politically, economically same as Mauryan•Smaller land, bureaucracy•Religious toleration

▫Hinduism favored▫brahmans

ART/LITERATURE

•Love of life▫Lovers embracing, musicians, dancers

•Golden age of lit.▫Religious, philosophical, drama▫Poetry, adventures▫Thieves, courtesans, beasts▫Kama Sutra”

SCIENCE•Learning stimulus•Buddhist university (Nalanda)

▫Foreigners

•1-9, “zero”▫Influences

•Math, astronomy▫Cube roots, sines, factors

MEDICINE

•Hospitals – free•Animals •Sterilized wounds•Cesarean operations•Plastic surgery •Known diseases, treatments:

▫Jaundice, abcess, tumor, diarrhea, fever

•Leprosy treatment▫Unknown to west for centuries

BUDDHISM

•India •Challenge Hinduism•Nonviolence•Major religion: Asia•Siddhartha Guatama•Monasticism

BELIEFS

•End rebirth: Nirvana•Moral conduct and meditation•Sorrow everywhere

4 NOBLE TRUTHS

1. Suffering dominates2. Why? 3. We can rid of suffering4. Follow 8 fold path to Nirvana

JAINISM

•Challenged Hinduism•India, 5th century B.C.•Mahavira

BELIEFS

•Ahimsa: nonviolence•All things – jiva (soul)•No meat and wine•Hindu beliefs

▫Karma ▫Moksa

•Different path to pursue Moksa

BELIEFS

•Ultimate goal: ▫Renounce world▫Wandering monk, nun

BELIEFS

•No meat and wine•Fasting•Five virtues:

▫Non-violence▫Truth▫Do not steal▫Chastity▫Worldly things

JAINISM

•Drastic beliefs