Chapter 9 - American History

Expanding Markets Expanding Markets and Moving Westand Moving West

1800-18501800-1850

American HistoryAmerican History

Chapter 9Chapter 9

Market RevolutionMarket Revolution►Market revolutionMarket revolution: what happened : what happened

when people began buying and selling when people began buying and selling goods rather than making them for goods rather than making them for themselvesthemselves

Farms began to specializeFarms began to specialize►SpecializationSpecialization: raising one or two crops to sell: raising one or two crops to sell

CapitalismCapitalism: economic system where : economic system where businessmen own the “means of businessmen own the “means of production” (factories, land, etc.) and use production” (factories, land, etc.) and use them to make a profitthem to make a profit

Market RevolutionMarket Revolution

► Inventions and Inventions and TechnologyTechnology Can turn out Can turn out

products in half products in half the timethe time►Lowers costs of Lowers costs of

goodsgoods►More people More people

can buy, more can buy, more items to sellitems to sell

Russian textile mill, loc.gov


►Communication: Samuel B. Morse Communication: Samuel B. Morse invents the telegraphinvents the telegraph Businessmen could communicate Businessmen could communicate

instantlyinstantly


►Transportation: Robert Fulton invents Transportation: Robert Fulton invents the steamboatthe steamboat Shipping costs drop dramaticallyShipping costs drop dramatically Erie Canal provides important link from Erie Canal provides important link from

Atlantic to inner countryAtlantic to inner country I & M Canal in IllinoisI & M Canal in Illinois

Market RevolutionMarket RevolutionErie Canal

Market RevolutionMarket Revolution►The RailroadThe Railroad

Used steam engine to increase Used steam engine to increase transportation speed by even moretransportation speed by even more

The First Photograph--1826The First Photograph--1826► http://http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/wfpwww.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/wfp//


►The American System?The American System? Northeast: shipping and manufacturingNortheast: shipping and manufacturing Midwest: FarmingMidwest: Farming

►John Deere invents the steel plowJohn Deere invents the steel plow►McCormick’s mechanical reaperMcCormick’s mechanical reaper

South: cotton, tobacco, riceSouth: cotton, tobacco, rice These regions were able to communicate These regions were able to communicate

and travel fasterand travel faster


►Encouraged people to move west!Encouraged people to move west!

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

►Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny: belief that it was the : belief that it was the inevitable destiny of the U.S. to inevitable destiny of the U.S. to expand across the continentexpand across the continent



►Settlers and Native AmericansSettlers and Native Americans Some assimilated into white frontier Some assimilated into white frontier

communitiescommunities Others fought for their right to the landOthers fought for their right to the land

►Black Hawk War, began in IllinoisBlack Hawk War, began in Illinois month rebellion, natives lostmonth rebellion, natives lost


►Western TrailsWestern Trails Santa Fe Trail: Independence, MO to Santa Fe Trail: Independence, MO to

Santa Fe, NMSanta Fe, NM Oregon Trail: Independence to Portland, Oregon Trail: Independence to Portland,

OROR Mormon Trail: to Salt Lake City, UTMormon Trail: to Salt Lake City, UT

►Joseph Smith– moved west to Illinois because Joseph Smith– moved west to Illinois because of persecutionof persecution

►Brigham Young– moved Mormon community to Brigham Young– moved Mormon community to Salt Lake CitySalt Lake City

Expansion in TexasExpansion in Texas►Spain had settled up through OregonSpain had settled up through Oregon

►Mexico gained independence from Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821Spain in 1821 Began to trade openly with the U.S.Began to trade openly with the U.S. Encouraged U.S. farmers to settle in Encouraged U.S. farmers to settle in

Texas as Mexican citizensTexas as Mexican citizens

►U.S. attempted to buy TexasU.S. attempted to buy Texas

Expansion in TexasExpansion in Texas

►Cultural difference between American Cultural difference between American and Mexican settlersand Mexican settlers

►English languageEnglish language►SlaverySlavery

►Mexican President Santa Anna refused Mexican President Santa Anna refused to give Texas self-governmentto give Texas self-government

Texas IndependenceTexas Independence

►War between Mexico and TexansWar between Mexico and Texans►““Remember the Alamo!”Remember the Alamo!”


►Mexican victory in Mexican victory in TexasTexas

►Texas declared itself Texas declared itself independent and independent and created its own created its own constitutionconstitution


►Santa Anna is captured and made to Santa Anna is captured and made to sign the Treaty of Velasco (1836), sign the Treaty of Velasco (1836), recognizing Texas’ independencerecognizing Texas’ independence

►““Lone Star Republic”Lone Star Republic”►Annexed into the U.S.Annexed into the U.S.


War with MexicoWar with Mexico

►Obtaining Mexican landsObtaining Mexican lands►Slavery becomes an issueSlavery becomes an issue

Southern states want to extend slavery and gain Southern states want to extend slavery and gain more seats in Congressmore seats in Congress

Northerners opposed a war with Mexico for that Northerners opposed a war with Mexico for that reasonreason►They believed it was a plot to expand slavery and They believed it was a plot to expand slavery and

to dominate U.S. government (which it was)to dominate U.S. government (which it was)

►Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) Ended the war with MexicoEnded the war with Mexico Gained all western landsGained all western lands

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Chapter 9 - American History