Chapter 9

1. Water cycle-

Each part of the cycle drives the other parts.

A.____________- water changing to water vaporevaporation

A. ____________________ - evaporation from ice;sublimation

A.from plantsevaporation

transpiration

B. -changing water vapor into liquid form

condensation

C. - liquid or solid form of water falling to Earth

precipitation

2.________-rainwater that does not soak into the ground or evaporate

runoff

3. Factors that influence runoff:

A. type of landB. slopeC. amount of rainD. time span in which rain fallsE. amount of vegetationF. climate/temperature

4. Water Erosion

A. small streams form and erode a groove into the land; if it continues a gully will form

A. rill and gully erosion(channel)

B.____________-flat areas are flooded and sediments are carried away.

sheet erosion

C. ____________ -water continually erodes the same path making a__________and ___________ river

stream erosion

deeperwider

  

                                                                                                                                          

                         

1) -lightweight particles carried by a stream

suspended load

2)_____________-the heavier sediments that are rolled along the bottom of a stream

bedload

river systems5. ____________ and smaller streamsa network of rills, gullies, which join toform rivers

6.____________ the land watered by the river system; the land from which the river

collects

drainage basin

runoff

7. Stages of stream development:

A. ___________ moves , may have white water rapids and waterfalls; high level of energy; erodes

young streamswiftly

bottom sidesfaster than the

mature streamB.___________________flows less swiftly; erodes waterfall rocks away; more gentle gradient; begins to _____________ (curve back and forth)

meander

old streamC. __________flows slowly through a floodplain; has ______ meanderswide

Meandering

oxbow lakeD.___________a piece of a meander that has been cut off from the main river

floodplainE.___________ fertile area covered by sediment caused by frequent flooding

delta8.______sediments dropped in a _____ shape at the mouth of a river

fan

levee9.________an earthen barrier built along a river

groundwater10. ____________water that sinks (leaches) into the porous parts of Earth’s crust (about 90% of all fresh water)

porosity11. ________the amount of water a rock can hold

permeability12. ___________ rocks with a _______ density; many spaces

low

impermeability13.________________rocks with a ____ density;tightly packed

high

14. __________ permeable rock layers that allow water to flow freely

aquifer

15._____________- upper surface of the zone of saturation

water table

A._________________ -area where water fills up a permeable layer.

Zone of saturation

B. ___________________- area of crust filled with airZone of aeration

16. __________ - water under pressure raises to the surface because of the abundance of water in an aquifer.

artesian well

17._____________- where the water table is close to the Earth’s surface, water may ooze out to form a spring;________________- form when groundwater comes in contact with hot underground rocks.

spring

hot springs

18. ____________- hot springs that are forced upward throughA small opening

geysers

19. ____________________- an underground area that has been eroded by ______________________ (carbonation)

cave or cavernchemical weathering

20._____________- “V” icicle-like structures formedBy calcium carbonate left behind from dripping water

stalactite

21. ________________ - “^ ” deposits of calcium Carbonate that build up on the floor of a cave or cavern.

stalagmite

22. ____________- funnel-shaped depressions that are formed when rainwater dissolves underground rock ______________

sinkholes

near the surface

23. __________________- area that lies between high and low tide; affected by____________, _____________, and _________.

shore zone

waves currents tides

24. ________________ - ocean current that flows_______________ to the shore.

longshore current

parallel

25. _____________ - narrow ocean current that flows at a right angle from the shore.

rip current

26. _____- material found on shoreline made from ____________, _____________, and other shoreline materials.

sandbroken rocks shells

27. _______________-sand deposits accumulate and form islands__________________ to the mainland.

barrier islandsparallel