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Chapter 8 Working with Special Layer Functions

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Chapter Lessons Use a layer mask with a selection Work with multiple masked layers Control pixels to blend colors Eliminate a layer mask Use an adjustment layer Create a clipping mask

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Using Special Layer Features Use special layer features to modify an entire image or an entire layer Define the precise area to manipulate in each layer Adjust the appearance of each layer without altering the original image (non-destructive changes)

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Layer Functions Turn changes on or off Align images Blend and adjust color Combine elements to enhance an image

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Use a Layer Mask with a Selection Layer masks can cover an entire layer or specific areas within a layer Masks are flexible: Hide their effect when viewing the image or change the masks Add an unlimited number of masks to an image: One mask per layer

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Creating a Layer Mask Use tools on the Tools panel to create the area to mask Apply the mask to the selection or to everything except the selection Feather the edges of the selection, if required

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Traditional Definition of Mask The term Mask comes from printing: A mask was opaque material or tape used to block off an area of the artwork that would not be printed MASK

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Painting a Layer Mask Add a layer mask to a layer Layer mask thumbnail displays in the Layers panel to the right of the image thumbnail Reshape the layer mask with the Brush tool and a specific brush size or tip

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Painting a Layer Mask Layer mask

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Painting with Black Foreground If the image is painted with a black foreground, the size of the mask increases: Each brush stroke hides pixels on the image layer Paint with black to hide pixels

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Layer Mask Example Layer mask thumbnail Layer mask is black to hide pixels School Bus layer

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Painting with White Foreground If the image is painted with white as the foreground, the size of the mask decreases: Each brush stroke restores pixels of the layer object Paint with white to reveal pixels

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Using the Properties Panel Create and control a mask nondestructively Found in the Essentials and Color and Tone workspaces Grouped with the Info panel

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Correcting a Mask Switch the foreground and background colors and paint over the mistake The Layer mask thumbnail on the Layers panel updates itself to reflect changes made to the mask

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Work with Multiple Masked Layers The layer mask is a powerful editing tool: Allows repeated editing of an image without ever disturbing the original pixels that make up the image By default, the mask is linked to the layer: When the layer is moved, the mask moves as well

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Understanding the Link Icon The Link icon appears when a layer mask is created When creating a layer mask, the link icon appears between the layer thumbnail and the layer mask thumbnail

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Selecting Multiple Layers Group or link layers to make multiple layers into one layer To link layers, the layer (not the layer mask) must be active Link the active layer to other layers, even those in different layer groups Link entire layer groups to a single layer or to other layer groups

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Selecting Multiple Layers Select multiple layers Note that Link layers button is available, and not dimmed Link layers button

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Using Multiple Selection Layers After selecting multiple layers, perform actions that affect the group; for example: Moving the content of selected layers as a single unit Unlink layers by deselecting some/all of the selected layers

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Aligning Multiple Layers To align multiple layers: Select the layers on the Layers panel Select one of the six options from the Align Linked command on the Layer menu

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Aligned Layers Centers of the Opposition and Running players layers are aligned

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Distributing Selected Layers To distribute means to evenly space content Distributing procedure: Select three or more layers Verify opacity settings are 50% or greater Select one of the six options from the Distribute command on the Layer menu

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Transforming Objects Use 1 of 10 transform commands on the Edit menu to transform an object Choose a transforming command: A transform box appears around the object to be transformed A transform box (or bounding box) is a rectangle that surrounds an image and contains handles used to change dimensions

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Transform Box Bounding Box with selection handles surrounds object to be transformed Smart Guide coordinates

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Transforming Sequence Select the object Choose a transform command or a sequence of transform commands Apply changes by clicking the Commit transform button on the options bar

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Transforming Examples 26 Single player flipped horizontally

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Content-Aware Scaling Alter pixels with intelligent scaling Make selection, click Edit > Content-Aware Scale

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Control Pixels to Blend Colors Control the colors and form of an image by blending pixels on one layer with pixels on another layer Blending options are located in the Layer Style dialog box

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Layer Style Dialog Box

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Controlling Blending Control how pixels are blended by choosing a color as the Blend If color The Blend If color determines the color range for the pixels to blend Use the This Layer and Underlying Layer sliders

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Blending Example Before Pixels Blended After Pixels Blended

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Sliders This Layer sliders Specify the range of pixels that will be blended on the active layer Underlying Layer sliders Specify the range of pixels that will be blended on all the lowerbut still visiblelayers

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Using Duplicate Layers Create interesting effects by duplicating layers: Click the layer to duplicate Click the Layers panel list arrow Click Duplicate Layer, then click OK

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Eliminate a Layer Mask Disable a layer mask to: Create duplicate layers and layer masks Apply different styles and affects to layer masks Show and hide layer masks individually to find the mask that gives the desired look

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Removing Layer Masks Options for removing layer masks: Apply the mask to the layer so that it becomes a permanent part of the layer Discard the mask and its effect completely

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Use an Adjustment Layer A special layer that acts as a color filter for a single layer or all the layers beneath Create an adjustment layer to adjust color and tone Color changes made to the adjustment layer exist only in the adjustment layer, leaving the original layer unchanged

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Creating an Adjustment Layer Select the layer to adjust Use the Layer menu to click a new adjustments layer command or by clicking the Create new fill or adjustment layer button on the Layers panel Specify which of the color adjustments is required

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Adjustments Panel Creative/advanced controls Tonal controls Color controls

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Sample Adjustment Layer New Adjustment Layer added to the Layers panel

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Color Adjustments Levels Curves Color Balance Brightness/ Contrast Hue/Saturation Selective Color Channel Mixer Gradient Map Invert Threshold Posturize

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Working with Adjustment Layers Modify an adjustment layer by double-clicking the layer thumbnail on the adjustment layer Use as many adjustment layers as required, but create each one individually Merge adjustment layers with any visible layers in the image, including multiple-selection layers

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Create a Clipping Mask Group of two or more contiguous layers Used when one layer is to act as the mask for other layers or if the adjustment layer is to affect only the layer directly beneath it Bottom layer of a clipping mask is called the base layer and serves as the mask

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Creating a Clipping Mask Two layers are required: One to create the shape of the mask One to supply the content for the mask Either a type or an image layer can be used to create the clipping mask shape

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Clipping Mask Sample Clipped texture appeared in the layer

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Removing a Clipping Mask Layers in a clipping mask are grouped together Ungroup the layers to remove the clipping mask 45