CHAPTER 8

The Romans Connect the Mediterranean

World, 753 B.C.E. - 294 C.E.

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1. The Roman Republic to 133 B.C.E.

A. Rivalry with Eturia1. Foundation of the city of Rome2. Etruscan rule3. Founding of the Roman Republic

B. The Republic and Its Foundation in Law1. Representative government2. The rule of law3. The Struggle of the Orders4. Roman citizenship and the assimilation of conquered peoples

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1. The Roman Republic to 133 B.C.E. (cont’d)

C. The Punic Wars and Rome’s Mediterranean Domination1. Roman military power2. Conflict between Rome and Carthage3. Legacy of the Punic Wars

D. Changes in Society and Culture1. Social stratification2. Gender relations3. Slavery

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2. Dissatisfaction with the Republic

A. Social Discontent and Decline in Popular Rule1. Crisis in the countryside2. Revolt of the Italian allies3. Military dictatorship

B. Julius Caesar1. Struggle for power2. Assassination and civil war

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3. The Birth of the Roman Empire

A. The Rise of Octavian1. The Second Triumvirate2. Antony and Cleopatra

B. From Republic to Empire1. The consolidation of power2. The Pax Romana

C. Greco-Roman Culture1. Culture and stability2. Culture and empire3. Cultural contributions

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3. The Birth of the Roman Empire (cont’d)

D. Challenges to Augustus’s Work1. The succession problem2. Challenges to imperial rule

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4. Roman Religion and the Rise of Christianity

A. Rome’s Polytheistic ReligionB. Jewish Resistance and Eastern Cults

1. Mutual mistrust2. Forms of resistance3. Jesus of Nazareth4. Paul of Tarsus5. Rome’s view of Christianity

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5. From Golden Age to Disarray

A. Commercial Connections1. The Golden Age2. The expansion and encouragement of trade

B. The Empire in Disarray1. Crisis of leadership2. Germanic migrations

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