Chapter 8: The Civil War

Chapter Notes1/9/14

1858-MN becomes a state◦At this time, Americans think of the

nation in 2 parts: the North and the South

Many similarities and many differences

North: big cities, big factories & small farms producing enough food for a growing pop.

South: few large cities & factories; slow growing pop.; farms grow many crops; 3 main crops: tobacco, sugar, cotton

WHAT WAS DRIVING A WEDGE BETWEEN THEM?

SLAVERY

Who could vote in the U.S. at this time?

Because there weren’t many industries in the South, they couldn’t attract a lot of workers.

Population in the North increased, and the South stayed the same

Problem!South wanted to balance slave

and free statesIssue: slavery expanding to new

states and territories

DIVISIONS

OF

NORTH &

SOUTH

Slaves in North America in 1619Abolitionist: someone who wants to get rid

of slaveryMany in the North worried that if slavery

spread, it would be harder for free whites to find work

MN Territory 1849-1858: Slavery illegalMN State 1858

◦Constitutional ban on slavery◦Slavery did exist (>25 people)◦Slaves brought by:

Army Govt. workers Visitors Few who moved to MN

Most MN against slavery by 1860

SLAVERY

&

ABOLITION

Manifest Destiny=problem◦Slave states vs. Free states

Many compromises in Congress◦Missouri Compromise◦CA=free; UT & NM slave territories◦No slave trade in DC◦Fugitive slave laws

Kansas-Nebraska◦“Bleeding Kansas”

1854: Whig Party break-off to form Republican party

1860: 1st Republican President=Lincoln1860: South Carolina secedes from Union

◦Starts Civil War

ROAD TO

CIVIL

WAR

North ◦Advantages: population, money, industries,

allies◦Disadvantages: land, long supply and

communication linesSouth

◦Advantages: trained generals/military leadership, land

◦Disadvantages: needed more resources, alliesCivil War

◦4 years◦1,000,000 casualties◦Emancipation Proclamation: freed all slaves in

US Shifted goal of war to ending slavery Renewed hope in Union soldiers—win war in 1865

◦Congress passes 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments

CIVIL

WAR

&

AFTERMATH

Chapter 8: The Civil War

Chapter Notes1/9/14

Land of the Free?Before 1800, people all over had slaves

◦North changed because they came around to thinking it was morally wrong and found it was unprofitable for them

◦Southern farmers needed cheap labor for their plantations; ex. picking cotton New cotton plant + invention of cotton gin = $$$

Northerners didn’t want slavery to spread to the West as new states came

Differences between the North and the South in the years before the war?

North◦Big cities, big factories, and farms

that produced food and goods for a growing pop.

◦Slavery not allowedSouth

◦Few large cities and factories, fewer railroad

◦Slow growing pop.◦Slavery allowed

SIDEBAR: Dred & Harriet ScottBrought to Ft. Snelling in MN

(free state)When owner went back to MO

(slave state) he took the Scotts with him

Scotts sued: since they had lived in a free territory, they should be free◦11 yrs in court--> U.S. Supreme

Court decided they were property and not citizens and that their owner, a U.S. citizen, couldn’t be deprived of his property

How did people in MN react to slavery and the visiting Eliza Winston?

1860-MN had mixed feelingsEliza Winston—slave for a

Southern family who came to MN on vacation for a visit◦MN was a free state◦Met with freed African American

couple who contacted a judge She was taken into custody that night

with the judge ruling the next day she was free

Home of the Brave

1860 election—Rep. Abraham LincolnSoutherners saw it as a threat to their

way of life as they depended on slaverySouthern states seceded to form the

Confederate States of America◦Lincoln refuses to see the country divided --

> WAR BOTH need armies

◦First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment formed at this time

What happened to Charley Goddard during the Civil War?Charley Goddard: 15 yr old

who lied about his age to enlist; trained at Ft. Snelling and shipped out with 1st MN Reg. for D.C.

Age 16: excited to fight; injured--> had to sit out in First Battle of Bull Run

What happened to Charley Goddard during the Civil War?Age 17: Battle of Antietam—

bloodiest day in history (26,000 men killed/wounded)

Age 18: Battle of Gettysburg-1st MN very important at the frontlines because they were able to hold off Confederate soldiers until Union reinforcements arrived

1st MN Reg. was one of twenty-two MN units to serve in Civil War

SIDEBAR: HomefrontMinnesotans were doing all they

could to support the war effort◦Sent supplies, raised money,

provided companionship, and sent letters/care packages to soldiers

Life goes on--> While the men were gone, everyone else in the family had to step up and take on extra duties

Land of the FreeEmancipation Proclamation—

presidential decree that stated as of January 1, 1863, the slaves in the Confederate states were free◦Made it clear that the war wasn’t just

about preserving the Union

What problems did Robert Hickman encounter?Robert Hickman—African

American man who was born a slave in Missouri◦Could read, write, and preached

ministry◦Headed to MN with a group of 300

slavesReactions of Minnesotans-->

the North defeated the South in 1865◦1,000,000 casualties◦South in ruins◦MN—not really affected◦MN economy doing well◦What did MN learn?

In MN, family life was upset by war & casualties

During Civil War, another war had started in southern MN—the Dakota War

AFTERMATH