Chapter 8The Asian World

I. China A. Sui Dynasty 589 – 615 AD *followed the 6 Dynasties

Emperor Yang Chian *extended Grand Canal (1000 miles long) links Yellow (Haung He) & Yangtze Rivers worlds oldest & longest canal system

Grand Canal

B. Tang Dynasty 618 - 907 *China richest & most powerful nation in world Chinese influence spreads: Japan, Korea, & S.E. Asia

Poetry of T'ang Dyn. Quiet Night Thoughts *by Li Po “Beside my bed the bright moonbeams bound almost as if there were frost on the ground.”

Li Po

Woodblock Printing invented Tang Dyn. 704 AD

The Diamond Sutra (Buddhist Text) *1st printed book 868 AD

Diamond Sutra

Fine Porcelain Pottery = China

Zen Buddhism *meditation means to enlightenment

Empress Wu 683 AD *civil service exam for gov. workers

Firelance flamethrower *evolved into cannon

C. Song Dynasty 960 – 1279 General Zhao Kuangyin claimed Mandate of Heaven (power to rule from god) *China unified state fight off invading Mongols

The Song Dynasty 960 A.D. - 1279 A.D.

Mandarins *Scholar- Gentry wealthy elite scholars passed civil service exam

Landscape (mountain – water) painting Tao “Way of Nature”

Neo-Confucianism fulfillment in life from good moral principles

Chinese Cuisine food we know today dev.s Ma Yu Ching’s (Bucket Chicken) *worlds oldest restaurant 1153

Footbinding (wealthy classed girl’s) feet tied with linen strips & toes tucked underneath

D. Yuan Dynasty 1271 - 1368 1st foreign dynasty in China *Mongols control China Kublai Khan “The Wise Khan” Grandson of Genghis founded Yuan Dyn.

Khanbaliq “The City of the Khan” renamed Peking (today Beijing) Xanadu Palace of Kublai

Marco Polo visits China *Yaun Dyn.

E. Ming Dynasty 1368 - 1644 Hung Wu (Zhu Yuan Zhang) *Buddhist monk drove Mongols out founded Ming Dyn.

White Lotus Society*secret organization led revolt against Mongols led by Buddhist Monks Nanking Capital City

Emperor Yung La built Forbidden City *Emperors Home *Peking

Admiral Zhenghe 1405 – 1433 Voyages of Exploration Junks *Chinese Ships 1433 China isolates itself from World

Ming Vases today priceless

A rare underglaze copper-red Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) vase sold for HK$78.52 million (US$10.13 million) in Hong Kong on Tuesday, setting a world auction record for Ming porcelain.

May 30, 2006

II. Mongol Empire 1200's *largest land empire in history originated modern Mongolia

Mongol Empire

A. Genghis Khan (Universal Monarch) *1st Mongol Emperor 1206 Temuchin **original name greatest conquer in world history

“Mans highest joy, is in victory: to conquer one’s enemies, to pursue them, to deprive them of their possessions, to make their beloved weep, to ride their horses, and to embrace their wives & daughters!”

Great Wall of China completed to keep him out 1215 destroyed Peking

Golden Horde *Mongol cavalry “Horsemen from Hell” *greatest nomadic fighting force of all time ride up to 90 miles a day

Takhi *Mongol ponies

Yam *Pony Express

B. Kublai Khan “The Great Khan” (Grandson of Genghis) *conquered all of China Yuan Dynasty founder 1271 rebuids Peking

Marco Polo * visits China 1271 Venice, Italy The Travels of Marco Polo & Description of the World books on his travels

“Prince of Liars” *nickname Pasta *Chinese noodles to Italy

Marco Polo &Kublai Khan

Invasion of Japan Aug. 15, 12814,400 ships 150,000 warriorsKamikaze (Divine Wind) *Typhoon saved Japan

Khanates *Mongol territories 1. Khanate of the Great Khan - China 2. Khanate of Jagatai - Turkey 3. Golden Horde Empire - Russia Batu Khan (Kublai brother) controls Europe & Russia 4. Khanate of Persia

III. Japan Ainu *Prehistoric name A. Geography Archipelago chain of islands (3000 islands) 4 Main Islands: Hokkaido Honshu main islands Kyushu Shikkoku

Mt. Fuji volcanic mt. temples & shrines on slopes

B. Creation Myths: 1. Amaaterasu Sun Goddess *created Japan 1st Emperor 3 Gifts: mirror, a jewel, & sword

Amaterasu & JimmuCreate the World

2. Jimmu 1st Emperor? (mythical) 660 BC descended from Amaterasu

C. Yayoi People *early Japanese clans *family groups (common ancestors)

D. Shinto “Way of the Gods” *main religion of Japan stresses natures beauty Kami *nature spirits inhabit trees, rivers, & mts.

Shinto Temple

Shinto Priests

E. Rise of Japanese State 1. Yamato Clan 300 AD *strongest clan Yamato *1st & only Japanese Dynasty

Prince Shotoku *unified clans of Japan Seventeen Article Constitution created centralized gov. under supreme ruler

Selective Borrowing *mainly from China Zen BuddhismPhilosophy Confucianism & Taoism

F. Feudal Japan Emperor Shogun (General) *most powerful Samurai Daimyo (Great Name) *great landowners

Shogun Statue outside Imperial Palace

Samurai (Those Who Serve) *Warrior Knights Ronin *Samurai without lords

Ninja *spies & assassins

Bushido *Way of the Warrior *Samurai code of conduct honor loyalty simplicity courage obedience to ones lord

Bushido

Seppuku or Hara-kari *ceremonial suicide

G. Nara Period 710 AD – 794 AD Nara *1st permanent capital Fujiwara Clan 800 - 1100's *take power from Yamato Emperor *Emperor becomes figurehead

Fujiwara

Oldest wooden building in world Nara Period approx. 750 AD

H. Heian Period 794 AD new capital city Heian (modern Kyoto) “The City of Peace & Tranquility”

The Tale of Genji *worlds 1st novel 1000 AD by Lady Murasaki

I. Kamakura Shogunate Yoritomo Minamoto *1st Shogun defeated warring clans

Minamoto

Kamikaze *Divine Wind 1281 saved Japan from Mongol invasion

J. Ashikaga 1338 - 1500 *Feudal wars bt. Daimyo

Onin War 1467 - 1477 *civil war bt. Samurais

K. Hideyoshi “The Bald Rat” 1580 *end to feudal warfare *defeated warring Samurai

L. Tokugawa “Great Peace” 1603 - 1868 *unites Japan

Tokugawa

Edo (Tokyo) *Capital City

M. Portuguese 1543 *1st European nation to trade with Japan

The first Portuguese ship at Nagasaki

Francis Xavier *Jesuit Priest *brought Christianity to Japan 300,000 Christians 1600 AD

1639 Shogun expelled all Europeans Japan isolated itself

N. Nagasaki *only Japanese port open to world