Chapter 8 Section 1 – Jacksonian America

I. A New Era in PoliticsI. Ordinary citizens became a greater force in politics due to Jackson

I. States Expand Voting RightsI. Many states eliminated property qualifications from votingII. From 1828-1840 vote totals went from 355,000 to 2.4 million

II. The People’s PresidentI. Supporters came from the frontier in the West and South

III. The Spoils SystemI. Appointed people to government jobs on the basis of support and loyaltyII. His opponent John Quincy Adams said it made government “a perpetual

scramble for office”

IV. A More Open Electoral SystemI. Jacksonians replaced the caucus system with the national nominating conventionII.

II. The Nullification CrisisI. Highlighted the rift between North and South

I. The Debate Over NullificationI. South Carolina’s economy stagnated in the early 1800’s – Many blamed the tariffsII. The Tariff of 1828 was called the Tariff of AbominationsIII. South Carolina threatened secessionIV. Calhoun (V.P and SC native; put forth the idea of nullification

II. Jackson Defends the UnionI. Jackson confronted CalhounII. Another tariff was passed in 1832III. SC adopted an ordinance to nullifyIV. Jackson passed the Force BillV. Henry Clay pushed a low to lower tariffs gradually by 1842VI. SC withdrew it’s nullification

III. Policies Toward Native AmericansI. Declared his intention to move all Native Americans to the Great PlainsII. Jackson pushed through the Indian Removal Act in 1830III. In Worcester v. Georgia the Cherokee’s sued to keep their land. Justice Marshall agreed but Jackson said “Marshall has made his opinion, now let him enforce it.IV. The final forced removal is called the Trail of Tears

IV. Jackson Battles the National BankI. He regarded the bank as a monopoly that benefitted the elite.II. Many westerners who supported Jackson didn’t like the banks lending policiesIII. Jackson vetoed the Bank Bill to make it a point of the election in 1832IV. He took he reelection as a directive to destroy the bank.

V. A New Party EmergesI. Jackson had gained many detractors. They formed the Whig Party.II. Larger federal government, industrial and commercial development.

I. The Presidency of Martin Van BurenI. Van Buren a Democrat defeated three Whig opponentsII. Had to deal with the Panic of 1837

II. “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too”I. William Henry Harrison (Whig) defeated Van Buren in 1836, but died 32 days after giving his inaugural address

III. The Tyler YearsI. Tyler did not side with many Whig issues II. Webster-Ashburton Treaty

I. Established the border from Maine to Minnesota