ProgressivismChapter 8

ISSUES Poverty Social Justice Corrupt Government Big Business Child Labor Urban living conditions Class System

MUCKRAKERS Lincoln Steffens – political corruption Jacob Riis – living conditions Ida Tarbell – big business John Spargo – child labor Theodore Dreisner – urban life Frank Norris – RR abuses of power Upton Sinclair – meatpacking industry Frances Ellen Watkins – struggles of

blacks

REFORMS Society

• Settlement House (Jane Addams)• U.S. Children’s Bureau• Education laws• Workplace safety laws• Social Gospel

Government• Commission Govt.• Initiative• Referendum• Recall• Direct Primary

WOMEN Many want to do more than be

domestic Face hardships

• Low pay and hard work• Turn over $ to husbands• Can’t vote• Little education

WOMEN & REFORM Women gained many new rights in

early 1900’s• Limit number of hours worked (10)• National Consumers League – label products

produced in fair and safe working conditions• Women’s Trade Union League - Improved

working conditions• Temperance Movement • Birth control – Margaret Sanger and ABCL

Women’s Suffrage National American Woman Suffrage

Association – Urging Congress to pass an amendment and pushing states to pass suffrage laws

Carrie Chapman Catt – Influential leader of NAWSA

National Women’s Party – Used public protest marches for suffrage

19th Amendment (1920) – Women get right to vote

Struggle Against Discrimination

Section Focus: What steps did minorities take to combat social problems and discrimination

Contradictions of Progressivism

Most Progressives = White, middle-class

Try to force minorities/immigrants to accept their values

Some Progressives accept segregation and belief in white superiority

African-American Reform Booker T. Washington – Focus on economic

independence W.E.B. DuBois – Demand equality

immediately Niagara Movement – Believe in education

based on history, literature and philosophy NAACP – Use courts to challenge

segregation Urban League – Focused on helping poor

families

Protecting Rights Anti-Defamation League – Defend Jews

against attacks, secure justice and fair treatment

Mexican-Americans • PLM – Help poor families• Mutualistas – Provided loans, insurance, legal

assistance Society of American Indians – Protect

Indian rights, protest federal Indian policy Asian Americans – Fought laws preventing

land ownership

Teddy Roosevelt Supports Progressive reforms Expands power of President Trust regulator Square Deal – Keep the wealthy and

powerful from taking advantage of others• Hepburn Act• Meat Inspection Act• Pure Food and Drug Act• National Reclamation Act

Founding of national parks

William Howard Taft Continues Progressive reform “Trustbuster”

• Did not discriminate between “good” and “bad” trusts

• Upsets TR

Woodrow Wilson Far-reaching reform program

• 16th Amendment – Graduated Income Tax• Federal Reserve Act – Federal Reserve

controls banks• Federal Trade Commission – Monitor

business practices• Clayton Anti-Trust Act – Strengthen anti-

trust laws New Freedom

Election of 1912 Republican – Taft Progressive (Bull Moose) – Roosevelt

• New Nationalism Democrat – Wilson

• New Freedom – Strict govt. controls on corporations, more opportunities for small businesses