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1801-1824. Chapter 8: Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings. Section 1. Focus Question: How did Jefferson’s philosophy shape policy towards public spending, the judiciary, and Louisiana? Big Picture: Cut down spending FED controls Judiciary LA Purchase. The Revolution of 1800?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CHAPTER 8: JEFFERSONIANISM AND
THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
1801-1824
Section 1Focus Question: How did Jefferson’s philosophy shape
policy towards public spending, the judiciary, and Louisiana?
Big Picture: Cut down spending FED controls Judiciary LA Purchase
The Revolution of 1800? Jefferson called his election a revolution What is a revolution?
The Revolution of 1800? How were Jefferson’s views different
from John Adams (his predecessor)?
The Election of 1800 Election of 1800 was viciously
contested Federalist threatened a civil war if
Jefferson was elected Republicans accused John Adams
of wanting to create a monarchy However both Thomas Jefferson
and Aaron Burr received 73 electoral votes
The Election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson Virginia
Democratic-Republican
73 52.9%
Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican
73 52.9%
John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 65 47.1% Charles Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 64 46.4%
John Jay New York Federalist 1 0.7%
Total Number of Electors 138
Total Electoral Votes Cast 276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70
1800 Election Results
Adams
Jefferson
1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)
1 vote for each State
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia Democratic-Republican
10 62.5%
Aaron Burr New York
Democratic-Republican
4 25.0%
Blank ------- 2 12.5%
The Election of 1800 Therefore it was a tie for the President It was up to the House of representatives to
decide and after 6 days of deadlock, Jefferson won
T o avoid this in the future, the 12th Amendment was added to the ConstitutionMade electors vote separately for President
and Vice President
Jefferson’s Inauguration How did Jefferson make his election
less aristocratic?
“Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind…every difference in opinion is not a difference in principle…We are all Republicans; we are all Federalists.”
What does Jefferson’s address suggest about what happened during the election campaigns?
What do you think Jefferson means by the phrase, “We are all republicans, we are all federalists…?”
The Revolution of 1800: Spending My Notes Your Notes
The Revolution of 1800: Structure My Notes Your Notes
The Revolution of 1800: Judiciary My Notes Your Notes
Revolution of 1800: Land My Notes Your Notes
William Marbury
Federalist “midnight judge” appointed by Adams prior to leaving office. TJ ordered Madison to dismiss him, Marbury sued Madison claiming Judiciary Act of 1789.
James Madison
Secretary of State under TJ. Dismissed Marbury because Adams was trying to keep Federalist hold on the Supreme Court to rule against TJ.
John MarshallFederalist Judge chosen by
John Adams
The Supreme Court’s Decision
Judiciary Act of 1789 (SC reviews federal cases) unconstitutional. The act was from Congress and it is the Constitution who gives the SC direction. Marbury kept his apmt.
Importance of that Ruling
Established Judicial Review which allowed the SC to review any laws that Congress makes to ensure they are constitutional.
The Beginnings of the LA Purchase: The Pinckney Treaty By 1800 more than one
million settlers lived between the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi
Most settler were farmers and relied on Mississippi to ship their crops to the port at New Orleans
The Pinckney Treaty In 1795 U.S.
negotiated the Pinckney Treaty Guaranteed
Americans’ rights to ship goods down the Mississippi and store goods in New Orleans
A Secret Deal In 1801, Spain
secretly gave New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory to FranceJefferson worried
about how Napoleon Bonaparte would rule the area
1802 the Governor of New Orleans stopped allowing Americans to ship their goods through New Orleans
Americans wanted to go to war Jefferson decided to send James
Monroe to Paris to buy New Orleans from the French
Meanwhile on France’s End… Meanwhile in Haiti, a revolution led by
Toussaint L’Ouverture had driven the French out
Without Haiti, the French would not be able to defend Louisiana during a war
In France, another war between France and Britain was about to begin and the French needed money to fund it
Napoleon's Offer France offered to sell ALL OF THE
LOUISIANA TERRITORY for $15 million (about 4 cents an acre)
Because it would take months to get Jefferson’s advice, Monroe accepted the offer
This agreement would almost double the size of the country and give the U.S. control of the Mississippi
Jefferson’s Predicament The Constitution nowhere states that the
President has the power to buy land from a foreign country
WHAT SHOULD HE DO?
Democratic Republicans
Federalists
Farmers Native Americans
Costs & Benefits
Jefferson’s Predicament Jefferson decided he could purchase the
land because the Constitution said the president could make treaties
The Senate approved the treaty and Congress voted to pay for the land
PSD: Jefferson to Lewis Please use APPARTS to identify this
PSD Read pages 230 to 231 and answer the
question in your journal
The Election of 1804 Background:
Candidates Jefferson (DR) & Charles Pinckney (F) ran for office.
Thomas Jefferson wins with 92% of EC votesThis victory will be short lived due to the
revengeful Aaron Burr who tied Jefferson for EC votes in the Election of 1800
During Jefferson’s second term, George Clinton was VP b/c DR feared Burr’s relationship with Federalists.
Section 2Focus Question: What led James Madison to go to war
with Britain in 1812?Big Picture: American became a pawn to the FR. Jefferson—keep together new land,
Burr, & Republicans!
Web Quest of Aaron Burr Using the website:
Which to charges are being brought against Burr?
What evidence have you found that would allow John Marshall to convict him?
What evidence have you found that might prove his innocence?
How will his actions cause problems for Jefferson’s second term?
How does his actions lead towards conflict with foreign nations?
The War of 1812
Please read James Madison’s war message and record reasons that would prompt him to go to war with Britain.
In addition, add reasons from your guided reading that would support a war for Britain
Causes of the War of 1812
Under TJ Under Madison
Focus Question How did the War of 1812 influence
American domestic policies?
Big Picture Weak AM Navy = land battle in Canada BR used NA to scare off AM AM lack of national unity to defend country.
Section 3
In June 1812, the U.S. Declared War on BritainThe U.S. finds itself
unprepared!! Because of
Jefferson’s earlier cuts of the government, the U.S. very weak
16 warships and 7,000 soldiers (Britain had over 200 warships)
The British are still in a war!!
The British had to fight the War of 1812 and the Napoleonic Wars at the same time
What should our strategy be?
The Tactics of Both SidesThe U.S.
Invade British Territory in Canada
Gain control of the Great Lakes and keep control of the Mississippi
The British Blockade all U.S.
ports to prevent supplies
Enlist the help of the Native Americans
British Tactics
BATTLES AND
KEY EVENTS
The Invasion of CanadaFort Detroit
Attempted to invade Canada through Detroit
General William Hull began to retreat and was quickly surrounded by British soldiers andNative American warriors
This was a huge defeat for the U.S.-British captured over 2,000 soldiers
BATTLES AND
KEY EVENTS
The Invasion of CanadaLake Erie
Commander Oliver Hazard Perry led huge victory
British were forced to return to retreat to Canada
First time in history that an entire British Fleet was defeated and captured by the enemy
The Invasion of CanadaThames
As British and Native American allies retreated, General William Henry Harrison and his troops pursued them
Followed British into Canada and defeated them
Conflict in the SouthHorseshoe Bend
Andrew Jackson in command of U.S. forces in Georgia
Creek tribes had attacked American settlements
Jackson defeated them at Horseshoe Bend and forced them to give up millions of acres of land
Final BattlesWashington
In 1814, the British defeated Napoleon and could bring all their troops to the U.S.
Set fire to many government buildings including the White House
Dolly Madison
Final BattlesFort McHenry
British attacked fort which defended Baltimore’s harbor
British warships bombarded the fort throughout the night but, American fought off the attack
Oh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light… -- Francis Scott Key
Battle of Fort McHenry,1814
Gave proof through the night,That our flag was still there…
The End of the WarTreaty of Ghent The war was a draw, Britain tired of fighting: too
costly On Dec. 24, 1814 agreed to Treaty of Ghent
Agreed to go back to the ways things were before the war
Britain never gave the Native Americans the land they had promised
The issue of impressment was never mentioned in the treaty
War helped U.S. gain respect as a nation, called “Second War for Independence”
People that Didn’t Get the Message
The Hartford Convention There was much opposition
to the war Federalist critics called it
“Mr. Madison’s War” New Englanders especially,
were against the war because the naval blockade had hurt trade
December 1814, a group of Federalists met in Hartford, CT
People that Didn’t Get the Message
The Hartford Convention Some delegates at the Hartford
Convention suggested seccession from the U.S.
When news of peace arrived at the convention the convention quickly ended
People that Didn’t Get the MessageThe Battle of New
Orleans General Andrew
Jackson did not get the news of the Treaty
Fought and won stunning victory at New Orleans
Effects of 1812
Section 4Focus Question To what extent did Jefferson’s legacy persist
into the Era of Good Feelings?
Big Picture End of Federalist party Supreme Court rulings Missouri Compromise Monroe’s politics
Causes The War of 1812 establishes
the U.S as a world power (respect)
There was much more nationalism (pride)
The Federalist Party died out (unity)When James Monroe
(Republican) ran for president, he won by a landslide
The Election of 1816
The Election of 1820
EffectsGovernment Takes a Greater
Role in the Economy
Second Bank of the U.S. established in 1816
Protective Tariff is passedProtects U.S. goods from foreign
competitionBritish had been dumping (selling their goods
below market price)Both part of Henry Clay’s
American System
p WEST got roads, canals, and federal aide.
p EAST got the backing of protective tariffs from the West.
p SOUTH ??
The American System
EffectsCentral Government Strengthened Over
States
McCulloch v. Maryland The state of Maryland tried to tax its
branch of the National Bank Court ruled that a state cannot pass
any law that violates a federal law
EffectsCentral Government Strengthened Over
States
Gibbons v. Ogden Steamboat went from New Jersey to
New York It was considered “interstate
commerce” which can only be regulated by Congress, not the states
EffectsUS Takes a Greater Role in the World
Florida Andrew Jackson sent to recapture escaped
slaves Seized two Spanish towns and forced the
governor to flee Adams- Onis Treaty of 1819: Since Spain
could not protect Florida, decided to give it up
Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819
1810 1820
US Population Density
EffectsUS Takes a Greater Role in the World
Monroe Doctrine U.S. wanted to protect trade with the
newly independent Latin America Monroe Doctrine
U.S. would not allow European nations to interfere with the free nations of Latin America
America Getting Patriotic! Hail to the Chief Yankee Doodle Dandy