CHAPTER 8 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT. ___________- 1 st President_- 1 st President ________- formal

CHAPTER 8ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW

GOVERNMENT

• _______________________- 1st President• __________________- formal

ceremony starting term, taking the oath of office

• Left hand on a Bible, raised right hand

• Added “so help me God”• No other European country could

serve as an example of a republic!

• Establishing a Cabinet• Secretary of State:

_________________• Secretary of the

Treasury: _________________

• Secretary of War: Knox• Attorney General:

Randolph

Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 142-146

• Different Visions• Alexander Hamilton

(________________)• wanted America to be an urban,

industrial country with a diverse economy

• Thomas Jefferson (________________)• wanted America to be rural and

agricultural


One of the biggest problems facing the new administration was the lack of ___________.


• __________________________• levy taxes

• import tariffs and _____________tax (a tax paid for the manufacture or sale of certain goods and services within a country)

• repay money borrowed during the Revolution

• repay debts incurred by the states• establish a _____________________

(major share privately owned)


• Differing Views• the assumption of state

debts• the establishment of a

national bank• political parties

• Federalist Party: led by __________________

• Democratic-Republicans (Republicans): led by __________________


• The ______________ Rebellion• Farmers in western

Pennsylvania, who were angry over the whiskey tax, attacked federal officials.

• Washington offered the rebels a group ___________if they would agree to abide by law, but they refused.


• Washington led a force of militiamen against the rebels, proving the nation’s commitment to the ________________.


• Establishing the Federal Court System• _______________ of

1789• Supreme Court: led by

________________• Federal district courts:

one located in each of the thirteen states


• _________________ of appeals: established to hear appeals sent up by the federal courts and state supreme courts


Congress’s first order of business: the

______________________________________

The Bill of Rights was ratified by the states in

late ___________.


• Fighting Indians on the __________________• The government broke

many of its treaties with the Indians along the frontier in order to take their land.

• The Indians began to fight back in an attempt to save their lands.


• Battle of __________________________________• Anthony Wayne: the

hero of Fallen Timbers• Treaty of

_______________: The Indians gave up their claim to half of Ohio.


Although the United States had established its independence with its victory in the Revolution, other world _________________ were unsure of

its strength.


• America and the ___________________• The French Revolution

took a different approach than the American Revolution.

• At first, the Americans supported it, but this soon changed.


• Washington proposed a policy of _______________ in European affairs.• Neutrality

Proclamation: declared America “impartial” to all possible foreign foes


• ________________• French agent who

tested the Neutrality Proclamation


• Trouble with the British• _________________:

disagreement over the rights of neutral countries at sea

• _________________• the seizing of American

sailors to serve on British ships


• The _____________, 1794• Very unpopular• United States: agreed

to limit trade with France and pay British citizens what they owed them


• ___________: agreed to abandon their forts in the Northwest, pay the United States for ships seized, and open some ports in the British West Indies to American trade


• Settling Differences with Spain• ____________ continued to

threaten American settlements along the frontier.

• ____________________: gave the United States the right of deposit and established the border along the thirty-first parallel


Washington’s most important precedent was

his ___________ surrender of

power.


• Washington’s Farewell• avoid _______________________• avoid entangling alliances• avoid ________________• Henry Lee called Washington, “First in

war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.”


• The __________________• Republican candidate:

Thomas Jefferson • Opposed by Aaron Burr

• Federalist candidate: John Adams (1st vice president)


• In ____________________________________________• Adams was well qualified

for the presidency but was never as popular as Washington and was undermined by internal conflicts in his cabinet.


George Washington had set a good example as the first president. The country was growing

_______________. But President Adams still had

a difficult job ahead of him.


• The ______________• The French (in

response to the Jay Treaty) began targeting American shipping


• American Envoys Meet French Agents• Adams sent John

Marshall and Elbridge Gerry to assist Thomas Pinckney in negotiating with the French.


• __________ agents (X, Y, and Z) sought a bribe from the American envoy sent to meet with the French government.


• A Call to Arms• In response, ___________

began preparing the country for war.

• Forty ships were built, including the

U. S. S. Constitution.• “_______________”:

undeclared war between the United States and France


• War Avoided• Convention of 1800:

peace agreement with France, ending the “quasi war,” signed by President John Adams


• The _______________ Acts• Supported by the Federalists• purpose: to protect the

country in war and limit the power of the Republicans

• _________________ Act: extended the time required to gain American citizenship


• _____________ Act: allowed the president to imprison or expel any “dangerous” foreigner

• _____________ Act: any person who wrote or published anything false or malicious against the government could be fined and imprisoned.


• Opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts• ____________ and

________________Resolutions: written by Madison and Jefferson, never went into effect

• ___________________: The states had the right to nullify any federal law within its boundaries.


• The Disputed __________________• candidates

• Federalist: Adams• Republican: Jefferson

• winner: Jefferson/Burr


Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government p. 156

One of John Adams’s final accomplishments was the appointment of a new chief justice

to the Supreme Court. His appointment had

far-reaching effects on the power of the court.


• The Appointment of ______________________• John Marshall

• appointed chief justice shortly before Adams left office

• believed that the judiciary branch was “the weakest of the three departments of power”

• strengthened the court system


• The Judiciary Bill and the Midnight Judges• “_______________”

: Adams appointed fifty-eight new judges the night before he left office.


• ______________________________________• judicial review: gave

the court the power to determine the constitutionality of a law

• Declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 _________________


Documents

CHAPTER 8 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT. _______________________- 1 st President_______________________- 1 st President __________________- formal

CHAPTER 8 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT. ___________- 1 st President_- 1 st President ________- formal