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7/23/2019 Chapter 8 Chemicals in Industry Student Copy
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1
CHAPTER 8 CHEMICALS IN INDUSTRY
8.1 Understanding the properties o a!!o"s and their
#ses in ind#str"
8.$ Ana!"sing the prod#%tion and #ses o a&&onia in
ind#str"
8.' Ana!"sing the ee%ts o ind#stria! (aste disposa!
on the en)iron&ent
8.* Rea!ising the need or preser)ation and
%onser)ation o the en)iron&ent ro& ind#stria!
(aste po!!#tion or the (e!!+eing o &an,ind
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8.1 Understanding the properties o a!!o"s and their #ses in ind#str"
A!!o"
1. Alloying is a process of ___________________________________________________
________________________________
2. Alloy is the result of mixing of alloying and have _______________________________
3. Mixed pure metals will change the nature of the origin of these metals into a new
material with the desired characteristics.
4. Examples of commonly used alloy are _______________________________________
5. he properties of the alloy are _____________________________________________
A!!o" Co&position Spe%ia! properties Uses
D#ra!#&in
!teel
!tainless
!teel
"rass
"ron#e
$ewter
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A!!o"s and Their Uses
1. he pure metal is _____________________
hus% the metals must &e mixed to form astronger alloy' hard and resistant to corrosion. Alloying change the properties of the
metal due to ___________________________________________________________
2. Most metals that we use in everyday life is an alloy.
3. his is &ecause the alloy is harder% &eautiful% shiny% smooth surface and corrosion'
resistant.
4. Alloy have a more _________________________ than pure metal.
The Nat#re o the Re!ationship +et(een A!!o"s (ith -rdering the Parti%!es
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I&portan%e o A!!o"s in Ind#str"
1. Alloy used in the industry &ecause the alloy has &etter properties than pure metal.
2. (or example% steel is hard% strong and corrosion'resistant and pure iron is soft and
easily eroded. herefore% steel is widely used in _______________________________
___________________________________
3. "ron#e can &e used to ma)e ______________________________________________4. *uralumin is used in the +++++++++++++ _____________________ as duralumin is
_________________________________________
5. "rass is used to ma)e ___________________________________________________
,. $ewter used to ma)e tools such as _________________________________________
S#per%ond#%tor A!!o"s
1. !uperconducting alloy is an alloy that can ____________________________________
2. he diagram shows relationship &etween resistance with temperature for normal
conductors and superconductors.
3. At temperature 1% superconductors have ____________________ the high electrical
conductivity.
4. -ormal conductor indicate resistance even at a temperature of /elvin.
5. he resulting superconducting at herefore% the alloy
superconductors must &e ________________________________________________
,. !uperconducting alloys is also _____________________. ______________________
capa&le of reaching high speeds 05 )m h '1 as a powerful magnet to produce high
power engines.
. !uperconductors with strong magnetic field is used as a
_________________________ machine% M in the medical field.
. !uperconducting alloys can _____________________________
that cannot &edetected &y existing tools.
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Resistant, Ω
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6. !uperconducting alloys are also designed to ________________________________ in
the area of defense.
8.$ Ana!"sing the prod#%tion and #ses o a&&onia in ind#str"
Ammonia is a chemical important in the agricultural sector% which is to ma)e ___________
Molecule of ammonia 0-73 is composed of three atoms of hydrogen 07 and one atom of
nitrogen 0-. 8hen hydrogen reacts with nitrogen% ammonia is formed.
A&&oni#& Sa!t /erti!i0er Prod#%tion
1. (ertili#er ammonium salt is a source of nitrogen for plants.
2. $lants need nitrogen to __________________________________________________
3. Most chemical fertili#ers are ______________________________________________
4. Ammonium salt produced &y the neutralisation reaction &etween ammonia with acid as
shown in the chemical e9uation &elow.
Sa!t Urea /erti!i0er Prod#%tion
1. :rea is a fertiliser used in agriculture.
2. :rea has the percent nitrogen content is very high.
3. :rea produced from the reaction of _______________________________________
4. he reaction produces urea occurs at a temperature of 2;< under a pressure of in the
compressor cham&er.
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A&&onia Prod#%tion in Ind#str" Usage
1. Ammonia is produced synthetically from nitrogen and hydrogen &y the ____________
Ammonia and its compounds are widely used as a fertili#er. n addition% ammonia is
also used in the manufacture of ___________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. Ammonia is produced in the industry through the 7a&er process.
3. n the 7a&er process% nitrogen and hydrogen gas are mixed and passed through a
metal catalyst to form ammonia.
4. he figure &elow shows the production of ammonia &y the 7a&er process.
5. 7a&er process is an ____________________________________________________
0reaction forward and &ac)ward.
,. (actors that influence the production of ammonia is=
a optimum temperature: ________________________________
> :se of too high temperatures to
______________________________________
________________________________________________
> he use of very low temperatures ____________________________________
& pressure: __________________________________________
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c catalyst: ___________________________________________
8.' Ana!"sing the ee%ts o ind#stria! (aste disposa! on theen)iron&ent
1. Environmental 9uality is declining due to _________________________________
__________________________________emoval of industrial wastes from factories
_________________________________________________
2. he ta&le &elow shows the sources of pollution and the effects of pollutants on the
environment.
So#r%es o
po!!#tion
Po!!#tants I&pa%t on the en)iron&ent
<om&ustion of
fossil fuels
> !ulfur dioxide and nitrogen
dioxide
> <ar&on monoxide
> <ar&on dioxide
> !oot
> ______________ to the respiratory
system and cause tissue damage
diseases such as &ronchitis
> _______________ dissolved in rain
water form of acid rain corrode
&uildings% monuments cause the soil is
not fertile and )ill a9uatic life
> ___________________ that reduces
the a&ility of red &lood cells to
transport of oxygen causes headacheand can lead death
> ?as cause home green which in turn
causes glo&al warming and changes
weather
> <ause ______________
> <ause diseases such as cough%
asthma and &ronchitis
adioactive waste > > <ause ______________________
___________________________
he agriculture
industry
> <hemical fertili#ers such
as phosphate and nitrate
> $esticides% insecticides%
her&icides and fungicides
> !olu&le in water and drain to cause
___________________in ponds
> <an cause ___________________
___________________________
> !ome pesticides% insecticides%
her&icides and fungicides are toxic
and _______________________
he chemical
industry
> Acids and al)alis
> Mercury% lead and heavy
metal
> hrown into the sea.
____________
> May cause
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Method o aste Materia! Re&o)a! Contro! Ind#str"
1. he ta&le &elow shows the types of industrial waste and methods of control.
T"pes o ind#stria! (aste Methods o %ontro!
oxic gases such as sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen dioxide
<oal dust
toxic waste
8aste oil palm
radioactive waste
2. $ollution caused &y industrial waste can &e controlled through the following methods=
a @aw Enforcement
Acts are applica&le to the regulation of industrial waste was passed &y the
$arliament of Malaysia.
i of the ______________________________
aims to protect% conserve andenhance environmental 9uality.
ii of the Environmental uality 0!ewage and ndustrial Effluents egulations % 166
see)s to __________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
& :se of technology
here are ways to handle and dispose of industrial waste such as the use of air
cleaners % electrostatic precipitator% the use of _______________________________
________________________________________________% use a chimney that is
installed with the filter reduces the release of pollutants into the air and the use ofsolar energy to reduce the generation of waste.
c ____________________
Education is the &est way to ma)e people aware of the importance of preserving and
conserving the environment.
d ____________________
Most industrial waste can &e reused &y other industries. (or example% organic waste
from palm oil processing can &e used to ____________________
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8.* Rea!ising the need or preser)ation and %onser)ation o the
en)iron&ent ro& ind#stria! (aste po!!#tion or the (e!!+eing o
&an,ind
Ee%ts o Disposa! o Ind#stria! aste Not Reg#!ated
1. *isposal of waste uncontrolled and disorgani#ed have an adverse effect on the
environment.
2. Effect of disposal of industrial waste uncontrolled and irregular% including:
a
&
cd
e
En)iron&enta! Preser)ation and Conser)ation
1. <onservation refers to the steps ta)en to __________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. Examples of conservation is to preserve the forest allow plants and animals to thrive
in their natural environment.
3. <onservation refers to _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. Examples of conservation is the ___________________________ allows us to have
______________________ and not polluted &y industrial waste.
5. Measures to protect and conserve the environment is very important so that the
environment will remain clean% unpolluted and suita&le for living things including
humans.
,. he environment is clean and not contaminated ensure=
a people can lead a healthy life .
& plants and animals are protected and do not &ecome extinct.
c the &eauty of the environment is maintained.. the steps can &e ta)en to protect and conserve the environment include=
a to create awareness among people a&out the importance of a clean environment
and wor) together to maintain the &eauty and cleanliness.
& _______________________________________________________________
c have a strategy and program for the preservation and conservation of the
environment.
d ____________________________________________ on the firm to practice.
e enforce environmental regulations on the firm so that irresponsi&le practices such
as illegal logging and removal of waste materials disorgani#ation occurs.
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