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Chapter 8 An Introduction To
Metabolism
Metabolism
Catabolic Pathways
Anabolic Pathways
Energy
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Activation Energy
Potential Energy
Activation Energy
Energy Transformation
.
1st Law of Thermodynamics
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy
Summary
The quantity of energy in the universe is constant, but its quality is not.
Free Energy
Free Energy
G = H - TS
G = free energy of a system
H = total energy of a system
T = temperature in oK
S = entropy of a system
Free Energy of a System
Free Energy Changes
Spontaneous Process
Chemical Reactions
Reaction Types
Exergonic:
Endergonic:
Exergonic/Endergonic
Biological Examples
Exergonic –
Endergonic -
Cell - Types of Work
Energy Coupling
ATP
Adenine
Ribose
Phosphates
Key to ATP
ATP
ATP vs Food
ATP:
Food:
ATP Cycles
ATP Cycle
ATP in Cells
A cell's ATP content is recycled every minute.
Humans use close to their body weight in ATP daily.
No ATP production equals quick death.
Enzymes
Chemical Reaction
AB + CD AC + BD
Enzymes
Enzyme Terms
Substrate –
- ase
Enzyme Name
Active Site
Models of How Enzymes Work
1.
2.
Lock and Key Model
Induced Fit Model
Substrate
Active Site
Enzymes
Factors that Affect Enzymes
Environment
Cofactors
Coenzymes
Enzyme Inhibitors
Competitive
Noncompetitive -
Allosteric Regulation
Allosteric Regulation
Control of Metabolism
Types of Control
Feedback Inhibition
.
Structural Order
Summary
Recognize that Life must follow the Laws of Thermodynamics.
The role of ATP in cell energy.
How enzymes work.
