Chapter 7_Traffic Signs, Markings and Signals

8/20/2019 Chapter 7_Traffic Signs, Markings and Signals

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PREPARATION OF THE EAST AFRICAN TRANSPORT FACILITATION STRATEGY

BUREAU FOR INDUSTRIAL COOPERATION Chapter 7 page 1

Thematic Area No.1

Working Paper

Chapter 7

HARMONIZATION OF ROAD

TRAFFIC SIGNS


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACRONYMS / ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................... 4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 5

7.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 7

7.1.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................... 7

7.1.2 OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................................................ 7

7.1.3 METHODS ................................................................................................................................................ 7

7.2 ROAD SIGNS .............................................................................................................................................. 7

7.2.1 PLACEMENT AND MOUNTING OF ROAD SIGNS ................................................................................................... 7

7.2.2 REGULATORY SIGNS .................................................................................................................................... 9

7.2.3 WARNING SIGNS ...................................................................................................................................... 10

7.2.4 GUIDANCE SIGNS ..................................................................................................................................... 11

7.2.5 INFORMATION SIGNS ................................................................................................................................. 13

7.2.6 SIGNING AT ROAD WORKS .......................................................................................................................... 14

7.2.7 TRAFFIC SIGN MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE................................................................................................ 14

7.2.8 ROAD SIGNS MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................................................... 15

7.3 PAVEMENT MARKINGS ........................................................................................................................... 15

7.3.1 PURPOSE AND CLASSIFICATION .................................................................................................................... 15

7.3.2 DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND SIZES ..................................................................................................................... 16

7.3.3 NO OVERTAKING LINES AND PAVEMENT MARKING SCHEDULE ............................................................................. 17

7.3.4 WHY ADOPT WHITE SOLID LINE TO PROHIBIT OVERTAKING ................................................................................ 18

7.3.5 MARKING AT JUNCTIONS ............................................................................................................................ 19

7.3.6 PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIALS ................................................................................................................ 19

7.3.7 ROAD STUDS ........................................................................................................................................... 19

7.3.8 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. 20

7.4 TRAFFIC SIGNALS............................................................................................................................................ 21

7.4.1 PURPOSE, MEANING AND USE ..................................................................................................................... 21

7.4.2 BASIS FOR INSTALLATION OR REMOVAL OF TRAFFIC SIGNAL ................................................................................. 21

7.4.3 DESIGN PRINCIPLES ................................................................................................................................... 21

7.5 TRAFFIC SIGNS FOR SCHOOL ZONES AND PEDESTRIANS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS........................................ 23

7.5.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................ 23

7.5.2 ROAD SIGNS............................................................................................................................................ 23

7.5.3 PAVEMENT MARKINGS .............................................................................................................................. 24

7.5.4 TRAFFIC SIGNALS ...................................................................................................................................... 24

7.5.5 SUPERVISED CROSSING .............................................................................................................................. 24

7.5.6 GRADE SEPARATED CROSSINGS .................................................................................................................... 24


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7.5.7 PEDESTRIANS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS ............................................................................................................... 24

7.6 SIGNING FOR TRAFFIC CALMING ............................................................................................................. 25

7.6.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 25

7.6.2 TYPES OF TRAFFIC CALMING MEASURES ......................................................................................................... 25

7.6.3 PLANNING FOR TRAFFIC CALMING ................................................................................................................ 26

7.6.4 TRAFFIC CALMING SIGN APPLICATIONS .......................................................................................................... 27

7.7 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR APPROVED CHANGES ............................................................................... 28

BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 29

ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................................. 30

ANNEX 1: REGULATORY SIGNS SCHEDULE............................................................................................................ 31

ANNEX 2: WARNING SIGNS SCHEDULE................................................................................................................. 41

ANNEX 3: GUIDANCE SIGNS SCHEDULE ................................................................................................................ 52 ANNEX 4: INFORMATION SIGNS SCHEDULE ......................................................................................................... 55

ANNEX 5: PAVEMENT MARKINGS SCHEDULE ....................................................................................................... 57

ANNEX 6: TRAFFIC SIGNAL INDICATIONS IN USE AND THEIR MEANING ............................................................... 61


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ACRONYMS / ABBREVIATIONS

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ATSSA The American Traffic Safety Association

GTS Guide to Traffic Signing – Issued by MoID, Tanzania

ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers

KTSR The Kenya Traffic Act Traffic Signs Regulations

MUTCD Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

RTSM SADC – Road Traffic Signs Manual

SADC Southern African Development Community

TCD Traffic Control Devices


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This chapter reports on the areas of harmonization of traffic signs in the EAC member states.

Traffic signs include road signs, traffic signals (traffic lights), and road markings. They are usedby road authorities to communicate with road users with view to regulate their behaviour, to

guide, warn or inform them for their own safety and convenience on the public road networks.

International conventions provide a framework for traffic signs and each member state has

adopted a set of traffic signs to meet their current needs through their traffic law and/or traffic

signs manual. Traffic signs regulations and manuals keep evolving to meet the needs of the

travelling public. The harmonization of traffic signs in the EAC is essential to the safety and

convenience of the public travelling on the road networks whether for trade, tourism, education

or other purposes.

The main recommendation of this chapter is to integrate the existing road traffic signs and roadmarking schedules of the member states and adopt any additional signs deemed appropriate.

Burundi recently commissioned a consultant to undertake a review of her traffic signs and it is

understood at the time of writing a report has been submitted and the government is considering

the recommendations. We recommend that the government consider the recommendations in

the light of the need for harmonization indicated herein. In the few cases where there were

differences in practice between the member states we have recommended adoption of a road

traffic sign or marking that agrees with the SADC-RTSM. Each member state should develop

and publish its road traffic signs manual. This will facilitate the harmonization of the more

technical aspects of road signing which are provided for generally in the law.

A prudent implementation of approved changes is recommended whereby the adopted signsand designs are applied on all new and rehabilitation projects and in the course of maintenance

of road signs. No special budget will be required if this approach is approved.

ROAD SIGNS

Generally there exists no big difference in the use of road signs in the member states. To

ensure greater uniformity in the installation of road signs the following are recommended.

i. The guidance on mounting and placement by member state manuals should be more

explicit to reduce differences and achieve greater convenience of road users.

Specifically guidance for placement and sign plate sizes for roads with different designspeeds should be explicitly be stated. Recommendations are included in this chapter.

ii. The member states regulatory signs schedules are generally similar and the differences

are complementary and not conflicting. It is recommended to integrate the existing

regulatory signs schedule. Additional signs may be adopted from SADC RTSM.

iii. Warning signs schedules current in member states be integrated including temporary

warning signs.


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iv. Guidance and information signs schedule current in member states be integrated and

enriched by adopting additional signs from the RTSM (SADC).

v. Appropriate regulatory and warning signs be used as temporary signs at road works.

vi. Road authorities in member states should adopt management practices that will ensure

consistent application and maintenance of road signs at all relevant locations at all

times.

ROAD MARKINGS

The use of pavement markings in the member states is generally similar and the minor

differences that exist should be harmonized by conforming to the SADC guide. In this regard

some member states will need to replace the use yellow line used to prohibit overtaking in

favour of white line. This provides for greater uniformity and has economical and technical

advantages since the application of white line is cheaper and has better retro-reflectivity. Since

there are circumstances which may require installation of road studs for better visibility, member

states should be encouraged to adopt their use formally.

TRAFFIC SIGNALS

There are no major differences in the regulations for operation of traffic signals in the member

states. The meaning of the lights and sequencing are generally consistent and road users can

quickly adapt to the slight differences that exist. However, phasing out of traffic signals based on

only the red and green light (two lights system) is desirable. The installation of two sets of signal

heads per approach, one set on the near side of the approach and the other set at the far side

of the approach is desirable especially on arterial road junctions. It is of utmost importance that

junctions with similar traffic conditions be controlled in a uniform manner in the interest of

consistency and developing respect for traffic signs. Signals should therefore be installed wherean engineering study confirms that their installation is warranted. The process should be guided

by competent professional on the basis of current best practices especially the guidance

provided in SADC-RTSM.

TRAFFIC SIGNS FOR SCHOOL ZONES AND FOR PEDESTRIANS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

The practice of developing school route plan, defining school zones and the necessary traffic

signing around schools both in urban and rural areas is recommended for adoption by member

states as means of providing for safety and convenience of school children when walking to

school within school zones. The needs of physically challenged road users should also be

provided through proper signing and road design.

SIGNING FOR TRAFFIC CALMING

The need for traffic calming across the member states is being met without the benefit of a

systematic approach involving both the professionals and the public. Sometimes the traffic

signing is not adequate and the measures are not visible to the road users. Harmonization of

the planning, signing and design of traffic calming measures is recommended.


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7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.1.1 Background

This paper addresses a part of thematic area one, namely: Harmonisation of Standards

and Specifications. This chapter addresses the sixth component: harmonisation of road

signs, traffic signals and markings. For the purpose of this chapter traffic signs include

road signs, traffic signals and markings; sometimes referred to as traffic control devices

(TCD). The paper thus presents a review of the legal traffic signs and recommended

practices in the member states and identifies areas requiring harmonization.

7.1.2 ObjectiveThe objective of this chapter is to make recommendations for the “Harmonisation of

Road Signs, Traffic Signals and Markings” as spelt out in the ToR.

7.1.3 Methods

Methods adopted for the study included the review of member state and best practices

documents in order to identify areas of harmonization and improvement and interaction

with stakeholders and experts in the member states to get their view on the proposals.

7.2 ROAD SIGNS

The following paragraphs summarize legal requirements for road signs, recommendations in

current manuals and suggest the way forward where harmonization is required.

7.2.1 Placement and Mounting of Road Signs

The following general advice on sign mounting and positioning is recommended though it might

not be possible to follow the advice exactly due to site constraints:

Check that the signs are clearly visible from the appropriate distance Check that there is no confusion about which road the sign refers to

Check that signs do not obstruct the view of drivers, especially at junctions

Check that the signs are not placed where they could be struck by vehicles

Placement

Signs on two-lane roads should be placed on the side of the road on which the traffic it is

intended to control is using except on sharp bends where signs placement on the other side will


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make it more visible. On dual carriageway roads warning and regulatory signs should be

installed in pairs, one on the left-hand and another on the median. The table below relates the

approach speed to the required visibility.

Approach speed

(km/h)

Visibility distance

to the sign (m)≤ 60 km/h 60

80 km/h 80

≥ 100 km/hr 100 – 150

The GTS further recommended that, if two signs are to be placed at the same place they should

be spaced at least V metres apart (where V is the approach speed in km/h) to avoid obscurity.

In Rwanda (driving in the right) the requirement is to place signs on the right side of the road.

The warning (danger) signs must be place 150 m to 200 m from the dangerous area. An

additional panel should be used to indicate the distance to the dangerous location if it is not

practical to place the sign at 150 to 200 m from it.

Mounting

Heights and side Clearances

Recommended mounting heights are given in Table 2 in the MoID – GTS. The

recommended standard mounting height is 2100 mm from the lowest edge of the sign

plate to the road surface. The law in Rwanda specifies a minimum height of 1.50 m and

not more than 2.10 m above the ground (Article 92).

Multiple Signs / Secondary Message Signs

The RTSM and the GTS recommend that a secondary sign to be mounted beneath the primary

sign to which it refers, and when two or more warning signs are mounted on the same sign pole

the sign at the top should refer to the nearest of the hazards. When appropriate it is better to

place the secondary message signs on the same sign plate as the primary sign (stronger plate,

less chance for vandalism).

Angle o f the Sign Plate

The recommended sign plate angle in the RTSM is 93 0 to the direction of travel in order to avoid

mirror-like glare when the sign is illuminated by vehicle headlights.

Placement and mounting requirements can be summarized as follows:i. To adopt standard height of the bottom border of a sign at 2.10 m above the ground and

to allow greater heights if it is necessary to achieve visibility of the sign.

ii. Mounting of secondary sign below the primary sign be accepted where it is not a

standard practice.

iii. Adopt mounting angle (930) to the direction of travel.

iv. Required visibility to be equal to or greater than the design speed of the road.


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7.2.2 Regulatory Signs

Use and Classification

Regulatory signs are used to control the actions of road users in the interest of safety and the

efficient use of road space. The table below shows the classification of regulatory signs.

Group FunctionSign numbers in the

GTS

ControlExercise control over the rightof way of traffic

R1 – R6

Command Instruct drivers what to do R103 – R137

ProhibitionInstruct drivers what they mustnot do

R201 – R245

ReservationReserve road space for specificvehicle types

R301 – R360

Temporary Signs

The colours of the Control Group of signs such as STOP sign should not change when the sign

is used on a temporary basis, but the background of command, prohibition and reservation

group sign when are used for temporary restrictions such as at roadwork should be yellow. The

table below shows the colour code for temporary regulatory signs.

Command Group Prohibition Group Reservation Group

Border Black Red Black

Background Yellow Yellow Yellow

Symbol Black Black Black

End of a Restriction

The GTS and the Traffic Act Regulations (Kenya) superimpose four black diagonal bars on a

grey version of the restriction sign.

Placement and Sizes

In general regulatory sign should be sited on the side of the road the traffic is using at or near

the point where the instruction applies. The Table below gives the recommended sizes for

standard regulatory signs given in the Kenya Traffic Act (Regulations, Revised edition 2009)and the GTS.


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Approach

Speed

GTS KTSR

Circular sign(diameter) ( mm)

Rectangularsign (H x W)

(mm)

Circular sign(diameter)

( mm)

Rectangularsign (H x W)

(mm)

≤ 60 km/h

600

(900 on 3-laneroads and dualcarriageways)

600 x 450

Should be notless than 600

Should be not

less than

100 x 30080 km/h 900 900 x 675

≥ 100 km/h 1200 1200 x 900

Overheadsigns

1600 1600 x 1200

The general principle of using dimensions corresponding with the design speed should be

adopted in this case.

The GTS recommends reduced signs for the following circumstances:

- Signs on traffic signal heads – 300 mm diameter- Keep Left signs on traffic bollards – 300 mm diameter

- Parking signs – 450 mm diameter and 450 x 340 mm

Schedule of Regulatory Signs

Annex 1: Schedule of regulatory signs shows that many signs are common and member states’

schedules are complimentary. Adoption of few additional signs from the SADC-RTSM is

appropriate.

7.2.3 Warning Signs


Warning signs are used to alert drivers to danger or potential danger ahead. The Rwanda

Traffic law and the GTS listed two groups of warning signs:

Group Description Proposed Sign numbers

Advance Warning SignsRoad Layout W100 Series

Movement W200 Series

Symbol W300 Series

Hazard Marker Signs Curve and object markers W400 Series

Supplementary plates may be used underneath the primary sign.

Temporary Signs

The GTS provides for the use of warning signs in temporary situations. When they are used in

such situations they should have yellow backgrounds instead of white background. The

following signs have been documented in the manual for use in temporary situations:


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Description Background Proposed Sign numbers

Road works Yellow TW336

Loose stones Yellow TW338

Edge drop Yellow TW340

“Stop/Go” Control Ahead

Yellow TW343

Road Crash Yellow TW353

Placement and Sizes

The following Table gives the sitting distances and sizes of standard warning signs for different

traffic speeds as recommended in the GTS (based on SADC-RTSM). The Kenya Traffic Act

Traffic Signs Regulations - KTSR) requires a warning signs length to be not less than 700 mm.

Approach

speed

Distance of

sign from

hazard (m)1

Advance

warning

signs – side

length (mm)

Hazard marker signs

Width

height

W401

W402

W405

W406

W407

W408

W4092

W410

≤ 60 km/h 100 900200

800

400

400

1200

400

2400

400

80 km/h 160 1200250

1000

600

600

1800

600

3600

600

≥ 100 km/h 240 1500300

1200

800

800

2400

800

4800

8001 Does not apply to hazard markers. 2 When used underneath a direction sign the sign should

be adjusted to equal the length of the direction sign.

Schedule of Warning Signs

Annex 2 presents the integrated schedules of warning signs from the member states with few

additions from the SADC-RTSM. Member states need to adopt signs not currently in use in their

jurisdiction as shown. Their dimension should match the design speed of a given road as shown

above.

7.2.4 Guidance Signs


Guidance signs give road users information on how to find their way to their destination. The

SADC-RTSM classified guidance signs into five groups as shown below:


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Group DescriptionProposed sign number

prefix

Location Place names, river names GL

DirectionDirection signs before and at

junctionsGD

TourismDirection to tourist attractions,

services and facilitiesGF

Location directionDirection signs for minor, local

destinations in urban areasGDL

Diagrammatic

Signs warning of a change in

road layout ahead ( e.g. start

and finish of climbing lane)

GS

Direction Signs – Types and Placement

The SADC-RTSM elaborates on guidance signs as shown below:

Types of Signs Description

Advance direction signs (GD1, GD5, GD8) They are used to give route information to

drivers approaching a junction

Direction signs (GD2, GD4) They are used to give route information at the

junction and often point along the route

referred to

Confirmation signs (GD3) These list the destinations ahead, and are

placed about 100 m after important junctions,

and at intervals along the road.

Recommended placement of advance direction signs (GD1, GD5, GD8) in the GTS are as

shown below:

Approach speedDistance of sign from

junction (m)

≤ 60 km/h 50 - 90

80 km/h 90 - 150

≥ 100 km/h 150 - 220

Sizes and design princ iples

To avoid confusion limit the number of destinations to four per sign. In one direction limit the

number of destinations to two with the nearest one at the top. The size of the sign depends on

the amount of text. Typically letter sizes depend on the approach speed as shown below.


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Approach

speedTypical situation

Capital letter

height (mm)

Lower case

letter height

(mm)

< 50 km/h Very minor roads 112 80

50 km/h Local urban and rural roads 140 100

60 km/hUrban and rural 2-lane roads and urban dual

carriageways175 125

80 km/h Good standard rural main roads 210 150

≥ 100 km/h High standard rural main roads, and all signs

mounted overhead280 200

Member states need to adopt the SADC-RTSM approach and schedule of Guidance Signs as

shown in Annex 3.

7.2.5 Information Signs

Use and classification

Information sign may take the form of a supplementary plate that provides additional information

to that given on the primary sign or to indicate the presence of an information center or other

facility.

Sizes and design princ iples

SADC-RTSM recommends:

Supplementary signs Recommended sizes/colour

Lettering, symbol and border of supplementary

platesBlack

Background White

Width of Supplementary plates Should match that of the primary sign

Capital letter height size 140 mm

Lower case letter height 100 mm

Cul-de-sac 600 mm (h) by 450 mm (w)

When the supplementary plate is to be used with a small sign such as a 600 mm diameter regulatory

sign the text size may be reduced to 112 mm/80 mm

Schedule of information signs

Annex 4 provides a sample of signs to be included in a schedule of information signs. Member

states should decide on adequate schedule for their current needs and derive it from the SADC-

RTSM.


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7.2.6 Signing at Road Works

The need for appropriate signing of road works is recognized in the laws of the member states

and the RTSM – SADC.

Generally regulatory and warning signs are adopted for road works by using backgrounds

recommended for temporary signs. Advance warning signs and appropriate regulatory signs

should be used. Markers may also be used as appropriate. Appropriate signs and markers are

included in the regulatory and warning signs schedules.

Maintenance manuals and specifications for road works in member states provide instructions

and those supervising the works are to ensure compliance.

7.2.7 Traff ic Sign Materials and Manufacture

The following is recommended practice.

Sign Face Materials

All traffic sign, permanent and temporary, should be fully reflectorized by making the sign face

from retroreflective sheeting. Symbols or letters coloured black are recommended to be made

from black non-reflective overlay film.

Sign Plate

Use of aluminium alloy sheet is recommended due to its resistance to corrosion. Sincealuminium alloy sheets are expensive cheaper alternatives such as galvanized steel, plastic-

coated steel or steel treated with primer. The back of the sign plate be painted grey, and the

sign manufacturer’s name and the date of manufacture be permanently marked on it.

Sign Support Frame and Fastenings

The sign plate should be fixed to a back support frame made of angle iron or aluminium

sections. All frames, brackets, clips, rivets, nuts, bolts and washers are corrosion-proofed if not

made of aluminium or stainless steel. The frames and brackets are recommended to be painted

grey.

Sign Post

Sign posts are recommended to be made of galvanized steel tube set in concrete foundations.

Road Sign Specifications

Member states provide specifications road signs through their specifications for road works

regarding the manufacture and installation of road signs.


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7.2.8 Road Signs Management

In addition to the considerations for design, placement and materials for road signs there are

additional issues that should be addressed by road authorities to ensure uniformity in control of

traffic:

I. To make sure that every location that needs a traffic signs is provide with an appropriate

sign,

II. To ensure that where a sign is no longer needed it is removed,

III. To take precautions against theft for example by mounting the sign plate high up out of

easy reach, spot-weld the nuts onto the fixing bolts, and fill the posts with concrete or

approved vandalism proof materials are used and

IV. To ensure that signs are properly maintained and visible.

To ensure uniformity in the installation of road signs in the member states the following are

recommended.

vii. The guidance on mounting and placement by member state manuals should be more

explicit to assure uniformity hence convenience of the users. Specifically guidance for

placement and sign plate sizes for roads with different design speeds should be explicitly

be stated as illustrated

viii. The member states regulatory and warning signs schedules are generally similar and

the differences are complementary. It is recommended to integrate the existing

regulatory signs schedule as shown in the annexes.

ix. Guidance and information signs schedule current in member states be integrated and

enriched by adopting additional signs from the SADC-RTSM

x. Appropriate regulatory and warning signs be used as temporary signs at road works. xi. Road authorities in member states should adopt management practices that will ensure

consistent application and maintenance of road signs at all relevant locations at all

times.

xii. Burundi is currently evaluating a report on traffic signs and the proposals are not

included in the annexes. We recommend that the recommendations for harmonization in

this chapter be considered for their adoption.

7.3 PAVEMENT MARKINGS

7.3.1 Purpose and Classification

Road markings are used to control, warn, or guide road users and may be classified as follows:


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Road Markings Types

Longitudinal Lines Center lines, edge lines

Transverse lines Stop lines, and give way lines

Others Arrows, Symbols, Patterns and Words

7.3.2 Design Principles and Sizes

Road markings should be considered in detail at the design stage of new or improved roads and

junctions.

Requirements for road markings include:

Good visibility by day and night

Good skid resistance

Durability

Clarity of message

Symbols and words should be elongated in the direction of traffic by a factor of threetimes whilst retaining the original width.

Meaning assigned to centre-line and lane markings on pavement surface by regulations in the

member states and in SADC-RTSM:

Broken longitudinal lines are permissive (overtaking / lane change permitted)

Continuous solid longitudinal lines are restrictive (prohibit overtaking / lane-change)

Double continuous solid longitudinal lines indicate maximum levels of restriction

The width of the line is an indication of the degree of emphasis attached to the marking

MarkingNumber(GTS)

Colour DescriptionDimension (mm)

Rural (speed> 60 km/h) Urban (speed ≤ 60 km/h) Width Line gap Width Line gap

RTM1 White Stop Line 500 300

RTM2 White Give Way Line 300 600-300 200 600-300

RTM4 White Pedestrian(Zebra) Crossing

3000 4000 600-600 3000 4000 600-600

RM1 White No OvertakingLine

150 100 150 100

RM2 White No CrossingLines

2 x 150 (170apart)2 x 100 (120apart)

2 x 150 (170apart)2 x 100 (120apart)

RM3 White Channelizing Line 200 150 100 200 150 100RM4.1 Yellow Left Edge Line 150 100 100

RM4.2 White Right Edge Line 150 100 100

RM5 Line: WhiteBar: Yellow

Painted Island Edge line: 150100Bar: 300 200

Bar widthto space:1:2

Edge line: 150100Bar: 200 150

Bar width tospace: 1:2

RM6 White Parking Bays 100 100

RM9 Yellow Exclusive UseLane Line

N/A 150


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RM10 Yellow Box Junction N/A Border: 200Diagonals: 150

RM11 White Zig zag ZoneLine

100 2000-150 100 2000-150

RM13 Yellow No Parking Line(24hr)

No Parking Line(selective times)

100

100 4000-2000

100

100 4000-2000

WM2 White Continuity Line 300 200 2000-20002000-4000

200 1500-15001500-3000

WM3 White Dividing Line 150 100 4000-8000 150 100 3000-6000

WM12 Yellow Rumble Strips 4 x 150 (400apart)

4 x 150 (400apart)

GM1 White Lane Line 150 100 2000-4000 150 100 1500-3000

GM2 White Guide Line 100 500-1500 100 500-1500

GM8 Black/whiteKerb faceMarking

Black: 6001000White: 6001000

Black: 6001000White: 6001000

Length LengthRM8 Yellow MandatoryDirection Arrows

4000 4000 2500

RM17 Yellow Exclusive uselane symbol

N/A 1600 (cycle)400 (bus)

WM1 White Railway Crossing Ahead

7500Line width:400

4000Line width: 200

WM5 White Give Way Control Ahead

4000 2500

WM6 White Lane Reduction Arrow

6000 4000

WM7 White Lane Direction

Arrow

4000 4000 2500

WM8 White No OvertakingLine Ahead

4000 3000

WM10 White Road Hump 1500Square:500x500

1500Square:500x500

WM11 White End of ExclusiveUse Lane Arrow

N/A WM11.1: 7200WM11.2: 6000

GM3 White Bifurcation Arrow 5000 4000

GM6 White Cycle Facility N/A 1600

GM7 White Word Marking 4000 4000 2500

GM9 white Speed Limit 7500symbol width:

1500

4300Symbol width:

1500

7.3.3 No Overtaking Lines and Pavement Marking Schedule

These are continuous white lines (yellow in Kenya and Uganda) which imposes a mandatory

requirement that drivers keep the line to their right (driving on the left) unless when turning into

or out of a side access. The lines are provided at places with limited sight distances or other


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hazardous conditions. On vertical and horizontal curves with sight distances less than those

indicated below, no overtaking lines should be applied.

Traffic speedSight distance

(m)

50 km/h

60 km/h

80 km/h

100 km/h

120 km/h

150

180

250

300

400

The recommended minimum length of overtaking line on vertical and horizontal curves is 150 m

and the absolute recommended minimum distance between successive overtaking lines is 120

m. when used on the approach to junctions a minimum length of 24 m is recommended andmay be increase to 60 m or more at higher traffic speeds. No overtaking lines will be termed as

No crossing lines when two of these lines are used one for each direction of traffic.

It was noted above that SADC-RTSM use the white line to prohibit overtaking. This is practiced

in Burundi, Rwanda and Tanzania (Mainland and Zanzibar) while Kenya and Uganda use the

practice is to use the yellow colour. It is in the interest of uniformity within the member states

and SADC block to adopt the white solid line to prohibit overtaking. Some technical reasons for

this recommendation are summarized in the next section.

Pavement Markings Schedule

Annex 5 presents pavement markings in common use in the member states except for the

yellow line to prohibit overtaking as used in Kenya and Uganda. We recommend harmonization

to adopt white line as per SADC-RTSM.

7.3.4 Why Adopt White Solid Line to Prohibit Overtaking

It was recommended above that white lines be adopted by EAC member states for prohibiting

overtaking. Two practical reasons were given: to achieve uniformity within the member states

with regard to this practice and to conform to the practice in SADC countries. The secondreason is motivated by the fact that there is already a move to harmonize the three trading

regions – COMESA, EAC and SADC.

From the historical perspective, according Hawakins et al (2002), MUTCD (USA) required the

use of the yellow markings to separate traffic travelling in opposite directions in 1971. However,

USA has been considering the option of using all-white pavement marking system used in most


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industrialized countries. The technical advantages of using white pavement markings over the

yellow line identified in the report by Hawkins et al (2002) and relevant to our situation included:

i. All other factors being equal, white markings have higher retro-reflectivity than yellow

markings, and

ii. Some of the pigments used in yellow markings are difficult to recognize as yellow innighttime conditions.

In addition, white markings are cheaper than white markings.

Considering that drivers understand the use of solid line to indicate as prohibitive it will not be

necessary to remove the yellow lines immediately but allow their use till the end of their useful

life when they will be replaced by white marking. Their replacement will therefore be done at no

additional cost.

7.3.5 Marking at Junctions

Guidance on application of marking principles on un-signalized and signalized junctions is

offered in RTSM – SADC. We recommend the adoption of the guidance offered by the member

states as this will fill a gap in most member states.

7.3.6 Pavement Marking Materials

General guidance:

Road Paint: Use paint which dry quickly, durable and have good skid resistance.

Thermoplastic: Hot-applied thermoplastic is the preferred marking materials.

Reflectorization: Road markings materials should be reflectorized by the addition of reflecting

glass beads.

Specifications:

Road works specifications in the member states should specify materials that will ensure

durability especially for road with heavy traffic, visibility and good skid resistance.

7.3.7 Road studs

Use of road studs

Some member states have clear regulation on the use of road studs. Because of their cost, road

studs are generally used under the following conditions:

Frequent mist, fog or rain (making it difficult to see the road markings)

Poor visibility due to glare from headlights of oncoming vehicles

Difficult alignment (e.g. roads with many bends, some of which may be hard to see)

Roadside hazards (e.g. reduced carriageway width or limited clearance to obstacles)

Other hazardous sites.


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It is advisable to use road studs where they may reduce hazard to travellers. The following

guidance should be adopted.

Colour and Spacing

Recommended colour and spacing:

RED – for Prohibition YELLOW – for Warning

WHITE – for Guidance

The following table shows the recommended spacing of road studs on continuous lines and

dividing line:

Lines Spacing

No Overtaking Lines Rural areas: 24 m

Urban areas: 18 m

Edge Lines Rural areas: 24 m and 50 mm away from the lineUrban areas: 18 m and 50 mm away from the line

Diving Line Every second gap

The GTS recommended road studs to be aligned with the pavement markings and be placed

between lines for parallel lines and should never be use on transverse markings since they

could undermine vehicle’s stopping ability and are hazardous to two-wheeled vehicles.

Specifications

Road works specification should specify the standards to be adopted. It should be noted that if

the type of bonding adopted can be undermined by pavement markings then they should not be

installed on top of road markings.

7.3.8 Summary

The use of pavement markings in the member states is generally similar and the minor

differences that exist should be harmonized by conforming to the SADC guide. In this regard

some member states will need to replace the use yellow line to prohibit overtaking in favour of

white line. The details including line width, length of lines and gaps are given above. Since there

are circumstances which may require installation of road studs for better visibility, member

countries should be encouraged to adopt their use.


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7.4 TRAFFIC SIGNALS

7.4.1 Purpose, Meaning and Use

The purpose of traffic signals is to provide positive control of vehicular and pedestrians at road

junctions, pedestrian crossings, multilane roadways and railway crossings.

The assignment of right of way is by green light illumination while the right of way is denied by a

red signal. Usually an amber (yellow) illumination is shown as a transition from green time to red

time. The meanings of the traffic signal indications under the three colour system described

above and for pedestrian signals are given in Annex 6. Two light system is also in use where

the amber is replaced simultaneous illumination of both the red and green light.

It is highly desirable to ensure uniform usage of traffic signals so that similar traffic conditions

are controlled in a consistent manner. This encourages compliance and achieves higher safetylevel. The basis for installation or removal of traffic signals in the member states and their

placement is therefore proposed below.

7.4.2 Basis for Installation or Removal of Traffic Signal

Traffic signal control should only be installed when an engineering study of traffic and roadway

conditions at the intersections confirms that a signal control is warranted. The decision is based

on careful analysis of traffic operations and needs of pedestrians and cyclists at many

signalized and un-signalized road junctions combined with engineering judgement which

resulted in a series of warrants defining minimum conditions under which signalization might be justified. To ensure uniformity signalized intersections which no longer meet the minimum

conditions should have their signals removed.

It is important for junctions with similar conditions within the EAC to be controlled in the same

way for the interest of uniformity. The requirements for design and installation of traffic signals

set out in the RTSM (SADC) should be adopted by the member states.

7.4.3 Design Principles

Generally signals are used to control traffic at warranted junctions in built-up areas on roads

with speed limit of 50 km/hr. When used on roads with higher speed limits (up to 70 km/hr and

rarely 80 km/hr) advance warning signs are used, visibility should be excellent, all right turning

movements should be fully protected and at least one signal on each high speed approach

should be mounted overhead. The following good practice guidance on the mounting and

positioning of signals at junctions, pedestrian crossings and railway crossings are consistent


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with the requirements of the member state documents. Where exceptions occur in practice

improvement is recommended.

Location of

the signal

Description

Signals at

junc tions

Signal head should be mounted on a post at the side of the road. The clearance ofthe signal heads from the road surface should be 2.3 m to 3m.

The signals should be mounted vertically with the red signal at the top, yellow at

the middle and green at the bottom with the lenses protected from direct sunlight

by hoods.

Signal head should not be within 500mm of the kerb face

Signal lens diameter should not be less than 200 millimetres and no more than 300

millimetres.

The unit casing should be painted black or grey and the post should be painted

grey.

Overhead signals clearance height above the road surface not be less than 5.2 m.

Install two signal heads per approach, one on the near side of the junction and

another on the far side.

The distance between the centres of the lenses not to be more than 400

millimetres apart.

Sequence of the lights

i. Red

ii. Red and amber/yellow (optional)

iii. Green

iv. amber

Signal heads should be visible from at least 80 m for 50 km/hr approaches and

110 m if the traffic speed is more than 50 km/h

Pedestrian

signals

The signals should be arranged vertically with the red standing man signal at the

top and the green walking man at the bottom and illuminated separately.The signal lens diameter should not be less than 200 mill imetres and no more than

300 millimetres

Signal head clearance should not be less than 2.1 m and not more than 2.6m.

Signals at

Railway

Crossing

The signal lens diameter should at least be 200mm

Signal should be positioned within 5 - 10 m of the nearest rail line.

Signal should be mounted at the left hand side of the road or above the

carriageway

There are no major differences in the regulations for operation of traffic signals in the member

states. The meaning of the lights and sequencing are generally consistent and road users can

quickly adapt to the slight differences that exist. However, phasing out of traffic signals based ononly the red and green light (two lights system) is desirable. The installation of two sets of signal

heads per approach, one set on the near side of the approach and the other set at the far side

of the approach is desirable especially on arterial road junctions. It is of utmost importance that

junctions with similar traffic conditions be controlled in a uniform manner in the interest of

consistency and developing respect for traffic signs. Signals should therefore be installed where

an engineering study confirms that their installation is warranted. The process should be guided

by a competent professional on the basis of current best practices.


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7.5 Traffic Signs for School Zones and Pedestrians with

Special Needs

7.5.1 GeneralSchool going children constitute significant proportion of the population of any country and

require specific attention for schools in urban centres or in rural areas where school route

crosses a major road. It is important that similar traffic situations are treated in the same manner

for the interest of uniformity. Generally school crossing are not addressing very specifically in

the existing guides or regulations but their needs are assumed to be met within the existing

framework of road signing.

We recommend that for interest of uniformity schools crossing be managed in similar manner

within the member states. Schools, traffic police and respective road agency should develop a

school route plan consisting of a map showing streets, the school, existing traffic signs, school

routes and crossings. The types of school traffic signs to be used should depend on the volumeand speed of traffic, street width and the age and number of children using the crossing. The

following sections describe road signs, pavement markings, traffic signals, supervised crossing

and grade separation that might be used in school zones. In addition, the use of calming

measures should be carefully considered in areas where driver compliance to school zone

regulatory signs is low.

The practice of developing school route plan, defining school zones and the necessary traffic

signing around schools both in urban and rural areas is recommended for adoption by member

states as means of providing for safety and convenience of school children when walking within

school zones.

7.5.2 Road Signs

School signs shall be place where they will convey their message most effectively without

restricting sight distance or being in danger of being hit by errant vehicles and generally comply

with requirements for regulatory or warning signs.

The following school signs are proposed:

i. School advance warning sign

ii. School bus stop aheadiii. Reduced speed school zone ahead

iv. School speed limit (30 km/hr)

v. End of school zone

The signs are to be integrated in the regulatory and warning signs schedule.


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7.5.3 Pavement Markings

The standard pavement markings can be used effectively in the context of a school zone. Word

message may be used to complement mandatory signs or as information. In particular, the word

“SCHOOL” should be written across a lane(s) between the stop line and the zebra lines of a

crossing within a school zone.

7.5.4 Traff ic Signals

Where adequate gaps in traffic stream in a school zone are few the resulting delay may tempt

scholars to endanger themselves by attempting to cross using an insufficient gap in. Under such

circumstances it may be appropriate to consider installation pedestrian signal. The signal may

be installed if an engineering study confirms that there is sufficient justification, for example by

demonstrating that the warrant for installation of school crossing signal according to the MUTCD

is mate.

7.5.5 Supervised Crossing

Supervised crossing is needed where gaps are not sufficient and need to be created by an adult

who is mandated to stop vehicular traffic to allow pedestrians to cross. The following practice is

recommended:

i. Uniform of the guard: high-visibility retro-reflective safety clothing marked STW (School

Traffic Warden) on the back.

ii. Use of STOP paddle as a hand signaling device.

iii. Selection of school traffic warden shall ensure that people of at least average

intelligence, with sense of responsibility for safety of school children and are respectable

are assigned the responsibility of supervising a school crossing.

iv. The school shall have primary responsibility for the appointment of a school trafficwarden but shall consult with the traffic police and the respective road authority.

v. The hours that a school crossing needs to be supervised shall be agreed between the

school, traffic police and the respective road authority.

7.5.6 Grade Separated Crossings

A grade separated facility may be appropriate means of physically separating school children

from vehicular traffic. Generally pedestrians prefer to cross at grade and grade separated facility

should be considered when road design type or traffic volume and speed is demonstrated by an

engineering study to favour a grade separation. An over pass is easier to maintain and

supervise than an under pass and therefore should be preferred unless topography is

particularly favourable for an underpass. Grade separated facility may require the use of

barriers to prevent pedestrians from crossing at grade.

7.5.7 Pedestrians with Special Needs

Pedestrians with special needs include the physically challenged road users including those

with poor vision, those who cannot hear and those with impaired mobility capabilities. There is a

need to warn other road users regarding their presence on a particular location so they can


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exercise extra caution. We recommend including appropriate signs the schedules (regulatory

and warning signs). The provision of audible sound at signalized intersections should be used to

alert those who cannot see the pedestrian signal when it is time to cross. Road design should

include tactile surfaces to alert pedestrians with poor vision regarding the presence of a

crossing facility.

7.6 SIGNING FOR TRAFFIC CALMING

7.6.1 Introduction

The principle goal of traffic calming is to improve traffic safety and the living environment by

moderating traffic behaviour through physical and legislative measures aimed at reducing

vehicle speeds and/or traffic volumes whilst giving due regard to mobility and accessibility

requirements. It has to be borne in mind that the road signs and markings are used when

implementing traffic calming measures and these signs generally fall into the regulatory,warning and information signs.

There is a great need to harmonize the applications of traffic calming in the members states in

order to do away with the haphazard applications in favour of a systematic approach that

ensures uniformity and the achievement of the intended purpose with due regard to the needs

of all road users and the general public.

7.6.2 Types of Traffic Calming Measures

The types are categorized in terms of measures located at intersections, those located between

intersections and area-wide measures.

Measures located at intersections

Traffic calming measures applied at intersections are primarily aimed at reducing speed into the

road or limiting or removing access movements. These measures are:

Mini-roundabouts;

Raised intersections;

Intersection diverters;

Street closures; Intersection narrowing.

Measures located between intersections

The objective of traffic calming measures applied between intersections is to reduce vehicle

speeds. The commonly used calming measures include:

Speed humps/tables;


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Chicanes, pinch points or chokers;

Rumble strips;

Carriageway narrowing;

Pedestrian crossing table;

Area-wide measures

Area-wide measures include the following applications of traffic calming:

The Woonerf – this means “shared space” which is a concept rather than a specific

traffic calming measure.

More traditional general treatment such as one way systems: the systems are applied to

eliminate through traffic movements and to reduce vehicle speeds.

7.6.3 Planning for Traffic Calming

Traffic Calming Objectives and Planning Overview

In achieving the goal of traffic calming measures as defined above, the objective is not to

exclude traffic but rather to manage and moderate its behavior by ensuring no significant

reduction of accessibility and mobility of pedestrians. To address the problem associated with

the introduction of traffic calming measures, there is a need to identify planning aspects which

need to be considered when considering the introduction of the traffic calming concept and

ensure appropriate study work is undertaken prior to considering their introduction.

Traffic Calming Study Requirements

To evaluate and conclude whether the requests from residential groups for implementation of

traffic calming measures are justified or unjustified, there is a need to ensure that a proper andsufficiently comprehensive traffic/transport study is undertaken.

Public Involvement

To have a good point for implementation of traffic calming measures, the involvement of public

is necessary as are the residents who know or have knowledge of their area, in terms of its

traffic issues and bring concepts of problem area to the study team. In identifying who should be

included in the public involvement, the following proposed list may assist in the identification of

potential role players:

Neighbourhood resident groups/associations;

Adjacent resident groups/associations;

Local Authority within which the neighbourhood is situated;

Adjacent Local Authorities;

National Road Authority when applicable;

Representation from Emergency Services;

Representation from the business sector, commerce and industry etc. when applicable;

Representation from the private transport sector and from the authorities, operators and

users of other transport modes if applicable.


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Study Requirements

Before introducing traffic calming measures, studies must be undertaken which will address and

where applicable, collect reliable information on:

The precise concerns of residents (through traffic, speed, noise, accidents etc);

The magnitude of the problem; The origins and destinations of the external traffic;

An examination and analysis of the roads at the “correct” location;

Travel times through the residential neighbourhood;

The identification of other routes/roads which have the potential to be impacted should

traffic calming measures be introduced;

The implications on residents should traffic calming measures be introduced;

The implication beyond the bounds of one neighbourhood;

Emergency vehicle access requirements;

Public transport implications.

7.6.4 Traffic Calming Sign Applications

Although road traffic signs related to traffic calming for example speed hump are prescribed in

the Road Traffic Act and many other regulatory, warning and information signs and marking of

the member states, which can be utilized when introducing traffic calming measures, however

there is a need to prescribe the additional traffic calming related signs. The table below presents

the checklist when the need for implementation of roundabouts, speed humps, chicanes/pinch

points and raised intersections is under consideration:

Type of Traffic Calming Measure checklist s

Mini-roundabout

- Is any mini-roundabout in the area difficult to see,

either by day or by night?

- Is the use of retroreflective road studs advisable?

Speed Humps

- Does street lighting exist in the area?

- Is the speed hump an isolated one or part of an

area traffic calming treatment?

- Is the speed hump part of a traffic calming

treatment involving a range of different traffic

calming measures?

- Is the speed hump a flat top hump which is used

as a pedestrian crossing?

Chicanes or Pinch Points

- Are peak hour traffic volumes under 600 vehicles

per hour?

- Is the area adequately illuminated?

- Is the road used by public transport vehicles or a

significant percentage of heavy goods vehicles?

- Is operation to be one-way or two-way?


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- Are chicanes to be landscaped?

- Are diagrammatic signs required to assist

awareness?

Raised Intersections

- Is the junction signalized or not?

- Are additional measures necessary to control

pedestrians?- Can the vertical height of the plateau be made

clearly visible to drivers?

From the answers to the questions the need for additional signing can be determined. From the

point of view of traffic signing it is important that the road users be made aware of the measures

and the measures be made visible to the road users at a sufficient distance to allow proper and

safe response.

There is also a need to standardize the design of the physical devices used for traffic calming.

7.7 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR APPROVED CHANGES

The following conditions and approach to the implementation of those recommendations that

shall be approved is suggested:

i. Each member state is to develop and publish its road traffic signs manual and up-dated

highway code based on what was agreed,

ii. Member states be allowed to maintain in their manuals road signs peculiar to their own

country’s usage and most appropriate language provided that such signs shall notconstitute violation of the adopted uniform schedules,

iii. The new manual be followed in all new and rehabilitation projects and in the course of

maintenance of road signs and markings,

iv. The new manual be followed as soon as practicable for all regional routes,

v. Areas recognized and preserved as historical/heritage sites be exempt from all proposed

changes (e.g. Mji Mkogwe – Zanzibar), and

vi. Each member state is to ensure that training of drivers is done using the approved road

signs schedule and an effective awareness campaign to inform road users regarding the

changes is effectively implemented.

This plan is appropriate considering that most of the changes proposed are to enhance the

visibility of signs on roads with higher design standards and expansion of the signs schedules.


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Bibliography / References

FHWA, ATSSA, AASHTO and ITE (2003). Manual on Uniform Traffic Control devices for Streets

and Highways – 2003 edition

Hawkins HG Jr. Parham AH and Womack KN (2002) Feasibility Study for an All-WhitePavement Marking System, NCHRP Report 484, TRB Washington DC, www.TRB.org

Kenya Traffic Act (CAP 403 Laws of Kenya) – Traffic Signs Regulations (Revision of 2009)

RoR (2003) Rwanda Traffic Laws (Decree)

RoU (2006) Sheria za Barabarani, The Kiswahili Highway Code, Ministry of Works, Housing and

Communication

SADC (1997) – Road traffic signs Manual, Third Edition

URT - MoID (2009). A Guide to Traffic Signing


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Annexes

ANNEX 1: REGULATORY SIGNS SCHEDULE .......................................................................................................... 30

ANNEX 2: W ARNING SIGNS SCHEDULE................................................................................................................. 41

ANNEX 3: GUIDANCE SIGNS SCHEDULE ............................................................................................................... 52

ANNEX 4: INFORMATION SIGNS SCHEDULE .......................................................................................................... 54

ANNEX 5: P AVEMENT M ARKINGS SCHEDULE ........................................................................................................ 56

ANNEX 6: MEANING OF TRAFFIC SIGNAL INDICATIONS .......................................................................................... 60


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Annex 1: Regulatory Signs Schedule

S/N Sign Brief Descrip tion

B u r u n d i

K e n y a

R w a n d a

U R T

U g a n d a

R e m a r k

1. Stop√ √ √ √

Uniform

2. Yield / Give Way√ √ √ √

Uniform

3. No Entry√ √ √ √

Uniform

4. No – Overtaking √ √ √ √ Uniform

5. End of Restrict ion

√ √ √ √ Uniform

6. No entry for motor

cars√ √ √ √

Uniform

7. No entry for Goods

Vehicles√ √ √ √

Uniform


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8. No Entry for Cyclists √ √ √ √ Uniform

9. No Entry fo rPedestrians


10. No Entry fo r

Motorcycles√ √ √ √

Uniform

11. No entry to any Motor

Vehicle√ √ √ √

Uniform

12. No Left Turn Ahead √ √ √ √ Uniform

13. No U – turn √ √ √ √ Uniform

14. No Right Turn Ahead √ √ √ Rwanda toadopt


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15. No Excessive Noise

√ √ √ √

16. Length Limit √ √ √ √ Uniform

17. Speed L imit


18. End of Speed Limi t

Restriction√ √ √ √

Uniform

19. Mass Limit

.


20. Height Limit √ √ √ √ Uniform

21. Width Limit


22. Axl e Load L imit

(single axle)√ √ √ √

Uniform


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23. No Parking


24. No Stopping √ √ √ √ Uniform

25. Proceed Straight Only


26. Keep Left √ √ √ √ Uniform

27. Keep Right


28. Proceed Left Only

The sign is used to

notify drivers that they

must follow the

direction indicated on

the sign.


29. Proceed Right Only



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30. Turn Right Ahead


31. Turn Left Ahead


32. Cyclists Only


33. (Foot path for)

Pedestrians Only√ √ √ √

Uniform

34.

Roundabout

(For countries driving on

the right arrows point the

other way)


35. Give Way to

Oncoming Traffic√ √ √ √

Uniform


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36. No entry for Buses

√ √ Kenya and

Rwanda to

adopt

37. Road Closed to all

Vehicles in both

Directions

√ √ No entry

sign in use

in all

countries is

adequate

38. Trucks not allowed toovertake √ √ √

URT to

adopt

39. No entry for animaldrawn Vehicles √ √ √

URT to

adopt

40. No entry for

agricultural vehicles√ √ √

URT to

adopt

41. No entry forhandcarts √ √

Uganda

and URT to

adopt


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42. Direction to be

followed – Straight on

or Turn to the Right

√ √ √ Equivalent

to NO Left

turn.

URT may

adopt

43. Direction to be

followed – Straight on

or Turn to the Left

√ √ √ Equivalent

to NO right

turn.

URT may

adopt

44. Direction to be

followed – Turn to the

Right or to the Left

√ Equivalent

to No Entry

sign for the

road ahead

– Others

may adopt

45. Compulsory track for

Riders of Horseback –

vehicles prohibited

√ √ Uganda

and URT

may adopt

46

Bogie Weight Limit

Others to

adopt

47 No Taxis Others to

adopt

48 Parking Others to

adopt


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R305-P

49

R301

Area Reserved for

Buses

Others to

adopt

50

R301

Bus Parking AreaOthers to

adopt

52

R302

Bus laneOthers to

adopt

53

R303

Start of Bus laneOthers to

adopt

54

R304

Bicycle LaneOthers to

adopt

55

R309-P

Parking Area for TaxisOthers to

adopt


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56

R310-P

Parking Area for

Minibuses

Others to

adopt

57

R310

Area Reserved for

Minibuses

Others to

adopt

58

R313

Area Reserved for Use

by Goods Vehicles

Others to

adopt

59

R313-P

Parking for Goods

Vehicles

Others to

adopt

60

R312

Area Reserved for Use

by Delivery Vehicles√ Others to

adopt

61 Further Additionto the RegulatorySigns Schedule

These are expected as the network is modernized to cope with growing traffic

demand. Partner states need to agree to adopt from SADC-RTSM additions to

their regulatory road traffic sign schedule.


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Annex 2: Warning Signs Schedule

S/No. Sign Description

B u r u

n d i

K e n

y a

R w a n d a

T a n z a n i a

U R

T

U g a n d a

R e m

a r k

1. Crossroad on Priorit y Road √ √ √ √ Uniform

2. Side Road Junction (Left) √ √ √ √ Uniform

3. Side Road Junction (Right) √ √ √ √ Uniform

4. Sharp Junction (Left) √ √ √ Uganda to adopt

5. Sharp Junction (Right ) √ √ √ Uganda to adopt


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6. Roundabout

(For countries driving on the

right the arrows point the other

way)


7. Sharp Curve (Right) √ √ √ Rwanda to adopt

8. Sharp Curve (Left) √ √ √ Rwanda to adopt

9. Combined Curves (Right –

Left)√ √ √ √ Uniform

10. Combined Curves (Left –

Right)√ √ √ √ Uniform

11. Two – Way Traffic √ √ √ √ Uniform

12. Traffic Signals √ √ √ √ Uniform


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13. Pedestrian Crossing √ √ √ √ Uniform

14. Children √ √ √ √ Uniform

15. Cyclists √ √ √ √ Uniform

16. Domestic Animals √ √ √ √ Uniform

17.

Wild Animals √ √ √ √ Uniform

18. Railway Crossing √ √ √ √ Uniform

19. Steep Descent √ √ √ √ Uniform


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20. Steep Ascent √ √ √ √ Uniform

21. Road Narrows Both Sides √ √ √ √ Uniform

22. Road Narrows From Right

Side√ √ √ √ Uniform

23. Road Narrows From Left Side √ √ √ √ Uniform

24. Uneven Roadway √ √ √ √ Uniform

25. Speed Humps √ √ √ Rwanda to adopt


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26. Slippery Road

.


27. Falling Rocks (From Right) √ √ √ √ Uniform

28. Falling Rocks (From Left) √ √ √ √ Uniform

29.

W 336

Loose Stones √ √ √ √ Uniform

30. General Warning √ √ √ √ Uniform

31. Jetty Edge or River Bank or

ferry berth√ √ √ √ Uniform


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32. Drift √ √ √ Rwanda to adopt

33. Low Flying Aircraft √ √ √ √ Uniform

34. Railway Crossing √ √ √ √ Uniform

35. Railway Crossing (more than

one track)√ √ √ √ Uniform

36. Sharp Curve Chevron (single)

(To the Right) √ √ √ Rwanda to adopt

37. Sharp Curve Chevron (single)

(To the Left)√ √ √ Rwanda to adopt

38. Sharp Curve Chevron (Triple)

(To the Right)√ √ √ Kenya to adopt


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39. Sharp Curve Chevron (Triple)

(To the Left)√ √ √ Rwanda to adopt

40. Skew T - Junction (Right)

√ Others mayadopt

41. Skew T- Junct ion (Left) √ Others may

adopt

42. Staggered Junctions (Right-

Left) √ √ √ Kenya may adopt

43. Staggered Junctions (Left-

Right)√ √ √ Kenya may adopt

44. Sharp Junction (Half left) √ √ Others may

adopt

45. Sharp Junction (Half Right) √ √ Others mayadopt


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46. Y-Junction √ √ √ Kenya may adopt

47. End of Dual Roadway (To

Right)√ √ Kenya and

Rwanda to adopt

48. End of Dual Roadway

(Straight on)

.

√ √ Kenya andRwanda to adopt

49. Start of Dual Roadway

(Straight on)√ √ Kenya and

Rwanda to adopt

50. Start of Dual Roadway (To

Left)

√ √ Kenya and

Rwanda to adopt

51. Gentle Curve ( Right ) √ √ √ Kenya may adopt

52. Gentle Curve (Left) √ √ √ Kenya may adopt


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53. Hairpin Bend (Right) √ Others may

adopt

54. Hairpin Bend (Left) √

55. Winding Road (Right – Left) √ √ √ Kenya may adopt

56. Winding Road (Left – Right) √ √ √ Kenya may adopt

57. Two – Way Traffic Crossroad √ √ Others to adopt

58. Traffic Contro l "Stop" Ahead √ Others to adopt

59. Traffic Contro l "Yield" Ahead √ Others to adopt


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60. Pedestrians √ Others may

adopt

61. Tunnel √ Others to adopt

62. Height Restricted √ √ Others to adopt

63. Length Restricted √ Others to adopt

64. Narrow Bridge

√

√ Others to adopt

65. One Vehicle Width Structure √ Others to adopt

66. Crosswinds √ √ √ Kenya to adopt


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67. Agricu ltural Vehic les √ √ Others to adopt

68. Traffic Queue √ Others to adopt

69. Width Restriction √ Others to adopt

70. T-junction Chevron √ √ Others to adopt

71.

T

W 336

Road Works √ Others to adopt

72

TW 339

Edge Drop √ Others to adopt

73

T

W 353

Road Crash

√ Others to adopt


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74

T

W 343

Stop/go Control Ahead √ Others to adopt

751) Other SADC - RTSM warning signs including Overhead danger (W415), Delineators (D3) and

Traffic Cones and Drums (TD4) should be adopted.

2) The schedule may be extended in future by adopting additional signs consistent with SADC-

RTSM

Annex 3: Guidance Signs Schedule

Note: Colour of the background should be changed to conform to SADC-RTSM colour

code

SN Sign Description

B u r u n d i

K e n y a

R w a n d a

T a n z a n i a

( U R T )

U g a n d a

R e m a r k

1.

GFS B2-1

Workshop / Garage √ √ √ Kenya to adopt,

2.

GFS B2-1

Filling Station √ √ √

3.

GFS B4-1

Restaurant √ √ √


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4. Refreshments √ √

5

GFS B4-2

Refreshments √ SADC sign.Shall be used

with Sn. 4 above

8.

GFS B5-1

Parking √ √ Others to adopt

9.

GFS B5-9

Facili ty for the

handicapped

√ Others to adopt

10. Rest Area √ √ Others to adopt

11

GFS B5-2

ToiletsOthers to adopt

12

IN12

Information Centre √ √ Others to adopt


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13

GFS B6-3

Rest and Service Area √ Others to adopt

14

GFS B4-3

Take Away √ Others to adopt

15

GFS B3-1

Truck rest and service

area

16

GL4

River NameOthers to adopt

17

GFS B5-7

Picnic areaOthers to adopt

18

GFS B5-9

Facility for the

physically challengedOthers to adopt

19 Adopt SADC-RTSM Guidance scheme for:

Location GL* Place and River namesDirection GD* Direction signs

Documents

Chapter 7_Traffic Signs, Markings and Signals