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Chapter 7 The Nervous System

Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

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Page 1: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Chapter 7The Nervous System

Page 2: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

What are the functions of the Nervous System?

Sensory input – gathering information•To monitor changes occurring inside and outside the body

•Changes = stimuli

Integration•To process and interpret sensory input and decide if action is needed

Page 3: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Functions continued…

Motor output•A response to integrated stimuli•The response activates muscles or glands

Page 4: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division
Page 5: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

How is the Nervous System organized?

Central nervous system (CNS)•Brain•Spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)•Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

Page 6: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division
Page 7: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Figure 7.1

Peripheral Nervous System

Sensory (afferent) division•Nerve fibers that carry information TOWARDS the central nervous system

Page 8: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Figure 7.1

Peripheral Nervous System

Motor (efferent) division•Nerve fibers that carry impulses AWAYfrom the central nervous system

Page 9: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Peripheral Nervous System

Motor (efferent) division•Has two subdivisions1. Somatic nervous system = voluntary2. Autonomic nervous system = involuntary

Think of the autonomic system as controlling your body automatically.These actions are involuntary, meaning we 

cannot consciously control them. 

Page 10: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Organization of the Nervous System

Figure 7.2

Page 11: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division
Page 12: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Nervous Tissue: Neurons

Neurons = nerve cells•Cells specialized to transmit messages•Major regions of neurons•Cell body – nucleus and metabolic center of the cell•Processes – fibers that extend from the cell body including the axon and dendrites.

Page 13: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Neuron AnatomyCell body•Nucleus•Large nucleolus

Figure 7.4a–b

Page 14: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Neuron Anatomy 2

Extensions outside the cell body•Dendrites –conduct impulses toward the cell body

•Axons – conduct impulses away from the cell body

Figure 7.4a

Page 15: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Axons and Nerve Impulses

•Axons end in axonal terminals•Axonal terminals contain vesicles with neurotransmitters•Axonal terminals are separated from the next neuron by a gap•Synaptic cleft – gap between adjacent neurons•Synapse – junction between nerves

Page 16: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Nerve Fiber Coverings

•Schwann cells –produce myelin sheaths in jelly‐roll like fashion•Nodes of Ranvier –gaps in myelin sheath along the axon

Figure 7.5

Page 17: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Neuron Cell Body Location

•Most are found in the central nervous system•Gray matter – cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers•Nuclei – clusters of cell bodies within the white matter of the central nervous system

•Ganglia – collections of cell bodies outside the central nervous system

Page 18: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Functional Classification of Neurons

•Sensory (afferent) neurons•Carry impulses from the sensory receptors

•Motor (efferent) neurons•Carry impulses from the central nervous system

Page 19: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Functional Classification of Neurons

Interneurons (association neurons)•Found in neural pathways in the central nervous system•Connect sensory and motor neurons

Page 20: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Neuron Classification

Figure 7.6

Page 21: Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Ms. Mogavero's Sciencemogavero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/0/8/22083230/nervous1.pdf · 2019-09-08 · Peripheral Nervous System Motor (efferent) division

Structural Classification of Neurons

•Multipolar neurons – many extensions from the cell body

Figure 7.8a