Chapter 7 (Student)

8/10/2019 Chapter 7 (Student)

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LEARNING OBJECTIVE REMARKS

1. Understanding the respiratory process in energyproduction

2. Analysing the respiratory structures and breathingmechanisms in human and animal

3. Understanding the concept of gaseous exchangeacross the respiratory surfaces and transport of

gaseous in human.

4. Understanding the regulatory mechanism inrespiration

5. Realising the importance of maintaining a healthyrespiratory system

6. Understanding respiration in plants

THEME : INVESTIGATING THE PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVING THINGS

TOPIC 7.0 : RESPIRATION


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7.1 Under!"nd#n$ !%e rer"!'r( &r')e #n ener$( &r'd*)!#'n

igure !.1

1."he abo#e diagram sho$s an acti#e acti#ity. %nergy is needed for contraction andrelaxation of the s&eletal muscle during this acti#ity. 'ther than that( $hat is thenecessity of energy to the li#ing organism)

a ******************************b ******************************c ******************************d ******************************

2. i+ %nergy produce from the glucose oxidation process based from the e,uation belo$.-omplete the e,uation-6/12'60 6'2 6CO2+6H2O+ENERGY


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ii+ tate the process.

Anaerobic respiration3. i+ uring acti#e acti#ity( the s&eletal muscle cramps . hy this situation happen)

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

ii+ hat is the mechanisme happen to disco#er this condition anaerobicrespiration+

a. ___________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

4 i+ Aaerobic respiration in plant or **************** is glucose oxidation************** oxygen produce ****************** and ************* .

-omplete the e,uation belo$

ii+ -2/5'/ 2C2H5OH + 2CO0 energy

imase enyme

uggestion experiment anaerobic respiration in yeast page 75 practical boo&.

C'+&"r#'n ,e!-een "er',#) "nd "n"er',#) rer"!#'n.Aerobic respiration Aspect Anaerobic respiration

1.8eed oxygen 9resence of oxygen 8o need oxygen

2. :lucose oxidation

3. 9roduct


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4. um of A"9 produced

5. ;ocation

imilarities bet$een aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration1. ********************************************************************2 ********************************************************************3 ********************************************************************4. ********************************************************************

7. An"/(e !%e rer"!#'n !r*)!*re "nd +e)%"n#+ ' ,re"!%#n$ #n /#2#n$'r$"n#+.

uggestion acti#ity"he adapti#e characteristic of respiration surface for gas exchange.


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iagram !..1

"he diagram sho$s the structure of respiration surface in organisms.i+ /o$ the big total surface area per #olume in the organisms respiration

structure can be achie#ed )a. Amoeba :

______________________________________________ b. >nsect :

______________________________________________

______________________________________________ c. rog : _____________________________________________

______________________________________________d. /uman : _____________________________________________e. ish *********************************************

:enerally the respiratory structures of most organism are A. ****************************************************************B. ________________________________________________________________-. ****************************************************************. ****************************************************************

iii+"he external respiration consist inhalation and exhalation mechanisms. iagram !.2.2 A and !.2.2 = sho$ a rib cage mechanism model for inhalation and

exhalation process. ;able the part that represent by the structure belo$:

In%"/"!#'n +e)%"n#+


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A =

-

3#"$r"+ 7..iagram !.2.2A sho$s a rib cage and diaphragm muscle during inhalation. iagram =sho$s a rib cage model and diagram - sho$s a rib cage model during inhalation.

iagram A iagram = iagram - %xternal intercostals

muscle contract

"he rib cage mo#e

up$ard and cur#e

iaphragm muscle

contract ( diaphragmbecome flattens .

A rubber band

elongate = -extend

Rubber sheets

representdiaphragm flattens

=alloon expands


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?olume of air in

thoracic ca#ityincrease( airpressure decrease.

/igh air pressure

inhale from outside

C'+&/e!e !%# #n%"/"!#'n +e)%"n#+ #n e4*en)e.

iaphragm muscles contract

Air #olume in the thoracic ca#ity increase

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________


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@

;

igure7..5B6igure !.2.2= sho$s rib cage and diaphragm muscle during exhalation. @ sho$s a ribcage and sho$s a rib cage model and ; is a model of lungs during exhalation.

igure @ igure igure ;

%xternal intercostal

muscle relax $hileinternal intercostalmuscles contract

Ribs mo#e do$n$ards

and in$ards

iaphragm muscle

relax and domeshaped.

Air #olume of thoracic

ca#ity decreases

Air pressure in

thoracic #italincreases

/igh air pressure

mo#es out from thethoracic ca#ity into theatmosphere

A- rubber band

relax and extend

= rubber band

contract andelongate

iaphragm muscle

relax and domeshaped

=alloon contract

C'+&/e!e !%e e%"/"!#'n +e)%"n#+ ,e/'- #n e4*en)e.

E%"/"!#'n Me)%"n#+

_______________________________________________


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__________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

7.1 An"/(#n$ !%e )'n)e&! ' e)%"n$e rer"!#'n $"e'* 'n rer"!#'n *r")e"nd !r"n&'r!"!#'n #n %*+"n .

iagram belo$ sho$s the exchange of gaseous in the lungs and the bloodtransportation to the cell. tudy the figure belo$ and complete the se,uence oftransportation process of oxygen and -'2 to the cell.


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>n al#eolus( high partial pressure of oxygen

______________________________________________________________________


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>n cell lo$ partial pressure of oxygen

oxyhaemoglobin brea&s do$n and releases oxygen and haemoglobin

haemoglobin combines $ith carbon dioxide to form

_______________________

>n blood cappilary near the al#eolus $all_____________________ brea&s do$n to_________________.and ****************

=eside that -'2 is carried to the lungs in formi) ____________________________________________________________________ii) ___________________________________________________________________

"he difference bet$een the exchange of the respiration gaseous in al#eolus $hilebreathing and across the respiration surface .


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"he gaseous exchange across theal#eolus $hile breathingin the lung

"he gaseous exchange across the surfaceof the al#eolus and blood capillaries

Re,uires inhalation and exhalationmechanism

iffusion

"he difference of air pressure in the lungsand the en#ironment

"he difference partial pressure of oxygenand carbon dioxide B gaseous

concentrationRe,uires breathing mechanism Re,uires cell respirationBaerobic

respiration

!.3 U8%R"A8>8: "/% R%:U;A"'RC < >8 R%9>RA">'8 516 In!r'd*)!#'n

Dhile relaxing( the exchanges of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in normalrate.

Dhen $e carrying a #igorous exercise ( more oxygen is needed by the body


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tissues and at the same time ( more carbon dioxide is produce.

"his situation need to be control ( so there is no lac& of oxygen in our body.

A re$*/"!'r( +e)%"n#+ occurs to maintain the concentration of oxygen

and carbon dioxide to the normal le#el.

56 Ee)! ' !%e 2#$'r'* eer)#e !' !%e r"!e ' rer"!#'n "nd !%e %e"r! ,e"!.

a+ uggestion acti#ity Reference

%xperiment !. 7 "o study the effects of #igorousexercise on the breathing and heartbeat rates .

9ractical boo& ( page E!

b+ =ased on the experiment( ans$er the ,uestions belo$.i+ hat is the relation bet$een the #igorous exercise and the rate of respirationand the heart beat)

.....................................................................................................................................

ii+ hat is the correlation bet$een increasing the rate of respiration and the heartbeat $ith the oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the body)

...........................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

596. T%e re/"!#'n ,e!-een r"!e ' rer"!#'n -#!% !%e )'n!en! ' '($en "nd)"r,'n d'#de #n !%e ,'d(.

a+ ill in the blan&s


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?igorous exercise FFFFFFFFFFG the rate of respiration *******************

"he rate of respiration correlate $ith *******************************

_____________________________________________________________

hile doing #igorous exercise( the concentration of oxygen in the blood is

************** because more oxygen is used to the cell respiration toproduce more energy.

>nstead( the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood ***************

because of the increasing rate of. ********************** $hich

produce *************************

hen the concentration of carbon dioxide ****************** a

*********************** $ill occur to increase the rate of breathing.


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56 T%e re$*/"!'r( +e)%"n#+ ' '($en "nd )"r,'n d#'#de )'n!en! #n !%e ,'d( .

4.1+ ill in the blan&s $ith the correct ans$er.

Cerebrospinal

fluid .

(a) detected the drop of

oxygen concentration in bloo(b) detected the drop/rise

carbon dioxide concentratio

(c) detected the changes of

pH level in blood

The rate of

heartbeat

increase

Ventilation rateincrease

The breathing rate

increase (faster

breathing) more oxygen

inhaled and more carbon

dioxide eliminated

Cemoreceptor in

medulla oblongata

Carotid body

Respiratory

center

Aorticbodies

Intercostal

muscles contract

Carotid artery

Impulse sent

Nerve impulse


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a+ uring #igorous exercise ( the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the bloodincreases and detected by

_____________________________________________________________.

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b+ "he drop of blood p/ is dangerous. "hen the regulatory mechanism occur tomaintain thepH level.

c+ The changes of pHdetected by specific cell

********************* sensory cell $hich sensiti#e to chemical

substances + located in medulla oblongata.

d+ The changes of oxygen concentration in blood regulated by

8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888

"hat is ****************** and *********************************

e+ 9eripheral chemoreceptor is also sensiti#e to the changes of carbon dioxideand p/ in the blood.

4.2 a + hat $ill control the breathing process)

"he breathing process is controlled by ****************** a part of the brain+

"he ner#e cell is called *********************** in ************** ($ill sendthe impulse to stimuli_________________ and________________to contract .

"his reaction causes ***************** .and ************* process.

b+ hen $e are doing acti#e acti#ity such as s$imming( exercise( aerobic( running(hi&ing and play badminton


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"he rate of *******************************************************

"he concentration of carbon dioxide in blood $ill increase__________________

p/ *****************

-' 2 0 / 2' / 2- ' 3 / 0 0 /-' 3F carbonic acid +

carbon dioxide dissol#ed in $ater and formed to carbonic acid (and then brea&s do$nto hydrogen ion and carbonate ion.

(c)Breathing regulatory mechanism by central chemoreceptors Complete the figure .!." belo#.


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$igure .!."c+

%&ote: 'entilation is the gaseous exchange #ithin the blood and air in the alveolus.

(d) egulation by peripheral chemoreceptors-omplete figure 7.4.3 belo$.

RaHah 7.4.3

;. Ger"< ,"/"=.7.

;.T%e %*+"n rer"!'r( re&'ne "nd r"!e ' rer"!#'n #n d#eren!#!*"!#'n.

a+While resting

Concentration ofCO 2 increases

from the normal

level

-'2 /2' H+ HCO3

-entralchemoreceptorstimulated

-oncentration of-'2 become tothe normal le#el

=lood p/

.**********

nerve

impulse

+

+

+

"he concentration of' 2is lo$er than normal

le#el.

9eripheralchemoreceptorsstimulated%g

****************

___________

___________

___________

___________

/eart

Respirationmuscles

______________________________________________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

"he concentrationof '2 increase to

normal le#el

impulse


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"he breathing rate is $ithin the normal range___________ breaths per

minute.

"he heartbeat rate is bet$een *********** beats per minute.

"he normal concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide is **************

b+Vigorous exercise: s$imming (running( aerobic( hi&ing and playing badminton+

%nergy produced from_______________ :lucose oxidation re,uires

____________ /ence the respiration rate ********* to supportthe excessi#e energy. "his causes the breathing rate

_____________ to increase the gaseous exchange rate . *********************************

> _________________________________

>__________________________________>__________________________________

7.; UN3ERSTAN3ING RESPIRATION IN PLANTS

7.;.1 AEROBIC RESPIRATION

"hin& it I

!he concentrationof Carbon dio"ide

increase in thebody


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oes the plant ha#e respiration ). >f yes( name the types of respiration)

hat substances re,uire to the plants respiration)

tate the name of the respiration gaseous )

/o$ the gaseous diffused to the plant)

hy plants need the respiration process)

i. igure 7.51a+ sho$s the stem structure in the old plants and figure 7.51b+sho$s common structure in the leaf. =oth structures included in respiration process .'bser#e figure 7.51a+ and 7.51b+. "ry to define the structure and label it

igure 7.51 a+ igure 7.51b+

_____________________ ________________________

ii. 'n figure 7.51a+ and 7.51b+ labels structure J( C and K.

igure 7.52

iii. 'n figure 7.51b+ and 7.52 dra$ the arro$ $ith the label to sho$ the path$ay ofgaseous exchange in a leaf.

RA#AH $%&'

RA#AH $%&'

(

) *

lenticel


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&ey F the path$ay of oxygen diffusion

the path$ay of carbon dioxide eliminated

>:UR% 7.52 ho$s cross sectional diagram of leaf

'xygen diffuse through the plants into the cells.

>:UR% 7.53 A plant cell

i#. igure 7.53 sho$s a plant cell. =ase on the figure 7.53suggest ho$ oxygen is used in < organelle)

NucleusNuCleus

Organelle

,,,,,,,

, -acuole


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______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

.# tate the e,uation $ording+ of the process occurs in the < organelle.

______________________________________________________________________

#i. tate the uses of the product from that process for plants.

********************************************************************************************************************************************

?.; AEROBIC RESPIRATION

i. =ase on the abo#e statement( explain the inference

**********************************************************************

ii. rite do$n the reaction e,uation of the process occurs in the root cell in the$aterlogged condition.

______________________________________________________________________

7.;9 COMPARE AN3 CONTRAST THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AN3RESPIRATION.

Crops lie corn could live several hours in mud% !he root of soy beans

could live .ithin 3/ minutes only in anaerobic condition% !herefore

crops lie paddy could live in the .aterlogged%


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7.; COMPENSATION POINT

i. -arry out the experiment 6.11on page !6 form four practical boo&s published by

=a&a 9rep dn =hd . rite the report and ans$er the discussion ,uestions on page !!.

>:UR% 7.56

Analye the graph on figure 7.56.

ii. =ase on the graph and your practical report ( defines the compensation point.

iii. %laborate the relationship bet$een light intensity and the compensation point.

..

.

i#. 9redict $hat $ill happen to the plants if the photosynthesis and respiration rateal$ays at the compensation point)

Compensationpoint

1ight density

as e"change


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..

..

?.; CARE AN3 MAINTAIN EFFICIENT FUNCTIONING OF THE RESPIRATORYORGANS

i. Cou are noticed to collect information and pictures of the diseases relate to therespiration organs. =ase on the information (complete the table belo$ F

8um "ype of diseases andpicture

"he damagedof respiration

organ

factor Application for caring and

maintain therespiratory

organ

ii. -arry out the experiment !.E "he effects of cigarette smo&e on lungs on pageEE form four practical boo& and $rite the report to enrich your &no$ledge.

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Chapter 7 (Student)