Chapter 7: Privacy, Crime, and Security

Privacy in Cyberspace

Privacy: an individual’s ability to restrict or eliminate the collection, use and sale of confidential personal information

The problem: collection of information without consent

Anonymity: the ability to convey a message without disclosing your name or identity

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Privacy in Cyberspace

Cookies: small files that are written to your computer’s hard disk by many of the Web sites you visit

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Privacy in Cyberspace

Cookies are text files stored in the

Temporary Internet Files folder.

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Global Unique Identifier (GUID): an identification number that is generated by a hardware component or a program

Privacy in Cyberspace5

Protecting Your Privacy

Browse anonymously by surfing from www.anonymizer.com

Disable cookies on your Web browser Use a free e-mail address to place on Web

pages, mailing lists, chat rooms, or other public Internet spaces

Do not fill out site registration forms unless you see a privacy statement indicating that the information gathered will not be sold to 3rd parties

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Types of Computer Crime

Identity Theft

Computer Virus: a hidden code within a program that may damage or destroy infected files

Example: Typically, virus infections spread when an infected file or program is downloaded onto a computer . When the program is executed, the viruses spreads to other programs on the user s hard disk. If you copy a file on your computer to a USB drive, CD, or DVD and give it to someone, the infection spreads even further.

Time Bomb (Logic Bomb): a virus that sits harmlessly on a system until a certain event causes the program to become active

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Worm: a program that can spread from one computer to another and can propagate over a computer network

Trojan Horse: a rogue program disguised as a useful program but contains hidden instructions to perform a malicious task instead

Types of Computer Crime8

Types of Computer Crime

Salami Shaving: a method that a programmer alters a program to subtract a very small amount of money from an account and divests the funds to the embezzler’s account

Data Diddling: a method that insiders modify data by altering accounts or database records so that it is difficult to tell that they have stolen funds or equipments

Forgery: a method that a user makes Internet data appear to come from one place when it is really coming from another

Blackmail

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Attackers

Hackers, Crackers (Black hats), Cybergangs, Virus Authors, Ethical Hackers (White Hats)

Swindlers

Shills

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Security Risks

Wireless Network

War Driving: an individual drives around with a wireless device to look for wireless networks

Corporate Espionage: the unauthorized access of corporate information, usually to the benefit of a competitor

Information Warfare: the use of information technologies to corrupt or destroy an enemy’s information and infrastructure

Security Loophole Detection Program: a program that automatically search for unprotected or poorly protected computers

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Protecting Computer Systems

Power-Related Problems: by using Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

Controlling Access: by using password authentication, know-and-have authentication, or biometric authentication

Firewall: a computer program or device that permits an organization’s internal computer users to access the external Internet but severely limits the ability of outsiders to access internal data

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T. Ibtissem Ajmi

Avoiding Scams

Preventing Cyber stalking

Protecting Computer Systems

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Encryption

Encryption: a coding or scrambling process that renders a message unreadable by anyone except the intended recipient

Public Key Encryption Encryption Key (Public Key) Decryption Key (Private Key)

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Encryption

Digital Signature: a technique that guarantees a message has not been tampered with

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Digital Certificate: a technique for validating one’s identity

Encryption16

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI): a uniform set of encryption standards that specify how public key encryption, digital signatures, digital certificates should be implemented in computer systems and on the Internet

Encryption17