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Chapter 7:Immigration and Urbanization
(1890-1910)
I. Europeans Flood into US• A. Jobs– 1. No class system
B. Avoid military service C. Few immigration restrictions• D. Religious Persecution– 1. Jews
• E. Atlantic Voyage– 1. Basic/cheap
• F. Ethnic Cities– 1. neighborhoods
• G. Ellis Island (NYC)– 1. medical inspections– 2. 17 million total went through– 3. Relatively easy/quick – 5 hrs
BACK
II. Asian Immigration to America• A. Rebellion; overcrowding• B. Jobs: RR/Gold• C. Japanese upheaval
Angel Island, San Francisco
• D. Angel Island, San Fran– 1. Lot fewer immigrants– 2. Harsh questioning– 3. long wait for admittance
III. Old vs. New ImmigrantsOLD NEW
Pre-1890 immigrants
Generally well-educated
Came with enough money to survive
Had assimilated, sometimes with multiple generations of “Americans”
Generally from Germany, Britain, Scandanavian countries
Newbies seemed alien, brought bad impressions
Post-1890
Uneducated laborers
Nothing but clothes on their back
Desperate for work
Came from Ireland, eastern Europe (Italy, Russian-descendant countries) and Asia
Held on to cultural past
IV. Resurgence of Nativism
• A. Favoritism toward native-born Americans
• B. “Right” immigrants OK– 1. Brit, German, N. Europe
• B. Extreme Dislike– 1. anti-Jew/Catholic• A. Would take over gov’t
– 2. Russian/Asian/Latin• A. Union opposed• B. Steal jobs
• B. Impact– 1. Immigration laws– a. ban convicts, poor & mentally disabled– 2. Chinese Exclusion Act: • B. Repealed In 1943
– 3. Gentleman’s Agreement with Japan
SECTION 1 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. What were 3 push factors for immigration?2. What were 3 pull factors for immigration?3. How were the experiences of European
immigrants were better than those of Asians? Don’t just talk about Ellis and Angel island. Describe in 1 paragraph.
4. EXPLAIN the reasons for nativist feelings.
Urbanization
Growth of Cities
I. Americans migrate to the cities• A. 30 million by 1900– 1. 131 cities in 1840; 1,700 by 1900– 2. Factory jobs– 3. Rural to cities• A. jobs• B. excitement
4. immigrants
II. The New Urban Environment• A. Skyscrapers– 1. Reasons:
Home Insurance Building, Chicago.
10 stories high.
World’s first skyscraper (1885)
• B. Mass Transit– 1. off-road• a. Elevated• b. subway
III. Separation of Society• A. High– 1. Fashionable Districts
• B. Middle-class– 1. “Streetcar suburbs”– 2. Salary 2X average factory
worker• C. The Working Class– 1. tenements– 2. Working children
Close activity1. Explain three reasons why people started to
move to the cities in the late 1800s.
2. Why did people start building skyscrapers?
3. For what reason did mass transit system have to exist?
IV. Urban Problems• A. Threats– 1. Alcohol– 2. Disease– 3. Crime/violence– 4. Fire– 5. Pollution
V. Urban ReformersA. Social Gospel Movement
1. Settlement Housesa. Help immigrants especiallyb. Workers: middle class, college-ed women
2. Hull Housea. Jane Addamsb. Chicago
Section 3: Urban Politics
I. Political Machine and Party Boss• A. Purpose– 1. Gain/keep power– 2. Pyramid of Power– 3. Help out the poor
B. Party Boss 1. Usually not “politician” 2. More behind-the-scenes 3. More powerful than any politician
C. Urban immigration– 1. took care of needs– 2. votes in exchange
• D. Graft & Fraud– 1. graft: Using political influence for personal gain• A. example: kickbacks
– 2. Fraud: fixing elections fake names, dead pple
II. Tammany HallA. Most famous political machine
1. 1869-18712. NYC Democrats3. Led by “Boss” Tweed
III. Reforming National PoliticsA. Civil Service: jobs in gov’t administrationB. Patronage (spoils system): reward supporters
with civil service jobs1. Stalwarts: supporters of patronage system
C. President Garfield1. reformer2. Chester Arthur, VP & stalwart
3. Garfield assassinated4. Arthur turns reformer
A. Merit-based hiring 1. exam scoreB. Pros: more honest gov’t, less favoritismC. Cons: Where will campaign $$ come from?
IV. Pendleton Civil Service Act
V. Gov’t and Big Biz marriageA. Tariffs: taxes on imported goods
1. Biz wants higher tariffs. WHY?2. Drawback?3. Raised and lowered throughout 1890s
a. Showed which party more closely tied with biz (republicans)
