The Big Questions:

How did the US

become a strong,

viable republic?

How did debates over

the constitution shape

the relationship

between the federal

government and the

states?

Chapter 7: Hammering Out a

Federal Republic, 1787-1820

1. The Political Crisis of the 1790sA. The Federalists Implement the Constitution

B. Hamilton’s Financial Program

C. Jefferson’s Agrarian Vision

D. The French Revolution Divides Americans

E. The Rise of Political Parties

2. A Republican Empire is BornA. Sham Treaties and Indian Lands

B. Migration and the Changing Farm Economy

C. The Jefferson Presidency

D. Jefferson and the West

3. The War of 1812 and the Transformation

of PoliticsA. Conflict in the Atlantic and the West

B. The War of 1812

C. The Federalist Legacy

• Washington

established important

precedents but took

control of the federal

bureaucracy

• Congress passed a

Judiciary Act and Bill

of Rights

Part 1: The Political Crisis of the 1790s

1A: The Federalists Implement the Constitution

• Assumption: paying off the

states’ war debts

• Funding at Par: paying off

100% of debt

• National Bank: federal

currency, led to debate over

strict vs. loose interpretation of

Constitution

• Funded by excise taxes and

revenue tariffs

• Capitol moved to upper south

(Washington DC)

Part 1: The Political Crisis of the 1790s

1B: Hamilton’s Financial Plan

• Factions by 1794: Federalists led by Hamilton vs. Democratic-

Republicans led by Jefferson

• Jeffersonian ideal was a nation of farmers

Part 1: The Political Crisis of the 1790s

1C: Jefferson’s Agrarian Vision

• Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793 kept US out of European War

and helped Northern economy

• Whiskey Rebellion was crushed by the federal government

showing its newfound power

• Jay’s Treaty, 1793, postponed war with England

• Pickney’s Treaty gave US free use of Mississippi

Part 1: The Political Crisis of the 1790s

1D: The French Revolution Divides Americans

• Federalists: pro-British, loose construction, northern merchants,

creditors, urban artisans

• Republicans: pro-French, strict construction, southern planters,

western farmers, others

• XYZ affair (1797) led to a quasi-war with France and weakened

affection for France in the US

Part 1: The Political Crisis of the 1790s

1E: The Rise of Political Parties

• Federalist Congress passed Naturalization, Alien, and Sedition

Acts to silence criticism

• Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions argued states could nullify

unconstitutional federal laws

• Jefferson won a bitter, close campaign for President

• Crisis was averted when Hamilton supported Jefferson over Burr

and Federalists left peacefully

Part 1: The Political Crisis of the 1790s

1F: Constitutional Crisis, 1789-1800

• Threats and bribes led tribes to

cede land to US

• Treaty of Greenville established

US domination over Indians in

lands east of the Mississippi

River

• Most Indians resisted federal

assimilation attempts

Part 2: A Republican Empire is Born

2A: The Expanding Republic and Indian Resistance

• Many moved west, but wealthy often

controlled much of the land

• Eli Whitney’s cotton gin greatly

increased cotton and slavery

• Technology helped northern farmers

Part 2: A Republican Empire is Born

2B: Migration and the Changing Farm Economy