Chapter 7: Growth and Division

American History

The Era of Good FeelingDue to nationalism and

only one party (Republicans) existing in power, Monroe’s presidency has been called the Era of Good Feeling

The nation was filled with pride, and new reforms and policies were beginning to make it a strong world power

Triumvirate, if you willThree men,

representatives in the United States, would be influential during this time period Henry Clay John C. Calhoun Daniel Webster

These men would literally make a triumvirate (three man power) on Capital Hill

Economic NationalismSecond Bank of the United States

Blocked re-chartering of First National Bank caused banks to use bank notes as money, and the government to borrow money to pay for the War of 1812 with higher interest attached to it

Calhoun proposed a second National BankWith help from Clay and Webster, it was passed

Tariff of 1816British goods were coming in at low costs, which

threatened to put companies out of businessThis tariff is a protective tariff, which taxes

imports in order to drive up prices

Judicial NationalismSeveral court cases

came during this era that would shape the nation’s legal systemMartin v. Hunter’s LesseMcCulloch v. MarylandGibbons v. Ogden

Each group will research this court case and present the case and the verdict to the class

Nationalist DiplomacyFlorida (Spanish colony) invaded by Seminole warriors

Separatist Threatened to stop U.S. forces from coming into Florida

Secretary of War Calhoun ordered Gen. Andrew Jackson to invade Florida

Instead of taking several Seminole villages, Jackson removed the governor of Florida

Spain ordered to punish him, but Secretary of State Adams defended him

Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. in the Adams-Onis Treaty

Monroe DoctrineNumber of factors contributed

to international diplomacy from the U.S.Spanish colonies declaring

independenceQuadruple Alliance (Britain,

Austria, Prussia, and Russia)

U.S. had issues with Spanish colonies and Russia coming to U.S. space

Monroe Doctrine was constructed to avoid European influence in U.S. affairs and interfering with the Americas

Early IndustryDuring the Monroe

Administration, the Industrial Revolution was beginning to occur in the United States Major innovations in

science, technology, and living

This period in history would lead to improvements in living conditions for Americans, as well as easier navigation systems

Major innovationsGather into 5 groups of 6 people and research

one of the following innovationsRoads and Turnpikes (pg. 246)Steamboats and Canals (pg. 247)Locomotives (pg. 247)Production (pgs. 247-248)Technological Advancements (pgs. 248-249)

Report on these in front of the class

Workers unite!With cities and factories

growing, workers began to unite in order to get better working conditions Labor unions

In order to stress the importance of their demands, labor unions organized strikes, or work stoppages Unsuccessful until later in

the 19th century

Southern economyUnlike the North, whose

economy was based primarily on textiles and metals, the South was based on agricultureThrived on several cash

crops, or crops that brought in money

The major crop that was raised in the South was cotton, which is used to make clothing

The Cotton Gin Before selling cotton, it was

required to pick out the many seeds inside the plant Took slaves a day to pick out a

pound of lint

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which shortened the seed picking process Enabled hundreds of pounds of

cotton to be shipped daily

Along with the cotton gin came the increased revenue of the Southern economy, and the ability to buy more slaves

Southern societySouthern society was broken down into these

classes:Planters (owned large plantations)Yeoman farmers (ordinary farmers, made up vast

majority of population)Small urban class of doctors, lawyers, merchants,

& other professionsRural poorSlaves (owned by both planters and yeoman

farmers)Planters owned hundreds, while yeoman farmers

owned a handfull

SlaveryDepending on where the slaves were, they

were organized into two systemsTask system (slaves were given specific jobs,

and got done when all the tasks were doneGang system (organize into groups and

worked from dawn to duskDriver: leader of the slave gang; fellow slave

who was loyal

Slaves were also subjected to legal restrictionsSlave codes: forbade enslaved men and

women from owning property or leaving the slaveholder’s premises without permission

The Missouri Compromise Missouri desired to be accepted

into the Union as a slave state Congress proposed resolution to

prohibit slaveholders from bringing new slaves in and all enslaved children to be freed at age 25 (Senate rejects)

Maine also desired to join the Union, so this was used to balance out the compromise (Maine and Missouri would have the same compromise, but Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, and Maine as freed

Amendment was also passed that banned slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territory (Arkansas)

Election of 1824Look on pages 258-259, read about the election

of 1824, and tell me the following:CandidatesWhat the candidates stood for and who they

representedHow the campaigns wentWho wonWrite down and define the following: American

system, corrupt bargain, Democratic Republicans, National Republicans

John Quincy running the show

John Quincy Adams was known for his diplomatic skills while serving as Secretary of State Desired to leave same

impression on his presidency

Urged federal revenue be used to build a national university, an observatory, and to fund scientific research

Congress granted the funds to be used on improving rivers and harbors and for extending the National Road westward, instead

Election of 1828 Pitted Adams against

Andrew Jackson

Both campaigns were bitter, descending into mudslinging, or criticizing other candidates’ personalities and values

Jackson was declared winner Supported by the South and

West, rural farmers, and small town men

“Old Hickory”