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Chapter 7
Ethnicities
1) The racist laws that divided South Africans were known as
D) apartheid.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
2) Racist laws divided benches, drinking fountains, bathrooms, and schools in South Africa until
D) 1994.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
3) Ethnicity is important because
D) it reinforces diversity in the face of the globalization of culture.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
4) The most populous ethnic group in the United States is
C) Latinos/Hispanics.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
5) The second most populous ethnic group in the United States is
C) African Americans.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
6) The largest Hispanic/Latino groups in the United States are from which two countries?
C) Puerto Rico and Mexico
Learning Outcome: 7.2.1: Describe the patterns of forced and voluntary migration of African
Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans to the United States.
7) The largest numbers of Asian Americans are descended from immigrants from
C) China.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.1: Describe the patterns of forced and voluntary migration of African
Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans to the United States.
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8) This map shows that African Americans in Michigan are concentrated mainly in
D) the southeast.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Describe the distribution of major U.S. ethnicities among states and
within urban areas.
9) By evaluating this map, we can surmise that the Asian American population in Texas is
D) more concentrated in the urban areas in the northeast and southeast.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Describe the distribution of major U.S. ethnicities among states and
within urban areas.
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10) By interpreting this map, we can surmise that in the Hispanic population
D) in Idaho, there is more of a concentration in the southern part of the state.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Describe the distribution of major U.S. ethnicities among states and
within urban areas.
11) By interpreting this map, we surmise that in the African American population
D) in Arkansas, there is more of a concentration in the southern part of the state.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Describe the distribution of major U.S. ethnicities among states and
within urban areas.
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12) President Barack Obama is a good example of the
A) complexity of ethnic identity in the United States.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
13) Evaluating this map, we can determine that
D) Latinos live throughout the United States.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Describe the distribution of major U.S. ethnicities among states and
within urban areas.
14) Asian Americans are clustered in what area of the United States?
B) West
Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Describe the distribution of major U.S. ethnicities among states and
within urban areas.
15) Los Angeles has what kind of ethnic distribution?
B) clustered
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
16) Which is the most dramatic change in the geographic distribution of African Americans in
the United States?
C) relocation to northern cities
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the
United States.
17) Which is the most dramatic change in the geographic distribution of African Americans in
the United States?
C) relocation to northern cities
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the
United States.
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18) An examination of the distribution of ethnicities in the United States reveals
E) ethnic groups tend to cluster in urban areas and in different U.S. regions.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
19) An analysis of the “Percent African American” map indicates that African Americans are
clustered in what part of North Carolina?
A) the eastern half of the state
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
20) An analysis of the “Percent African American” map indicates African Americans are
clustered in what part of Colorado?
A) the eastern half of the state
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
21) The map indicates that Latinos/Hispanics are clustered in what areas of the United States?
B) West, Southwest
Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Describe the distribution of major U.S. ethnicities among states and
within urban areas.
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22) This map indicates that in Los Angeles, Asian Americans are mainly concentrated
B) in the northeast.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
23) The map for question #22 indicates that in Los Angeles, African Americans are mainly
concentrated
B) near the geographic center of the urban area.
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
24) As part of the triangular slave trade system, ships bound for Europe carried
B) rum and molasses.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.1: Describe the patterns of forced and voluntary migration of African
Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans to the United States.
25) After World War II ended, millions of people were forced to migrate because of
E) changes in the boundaries of states.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Describe the process of ethnic cleansing.
26) African Americans migrated out of the U.S. South partly as a consequence of
B) increased farm mechanization leading to a decreased demand for farm labor.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the
United States.
27) From 1910 to 1950, population density of African Americans in ghettos
A) increased.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the
United States.
7
28) What was apartheid?
D) the geographic separation of races in South Africa
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
29) A racist believes in
D) the biological classification of people and the superiority of some groups over others on the
basis of racial identity.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
30) Which of the following does the United States Census Bureau not consider a race?
C) Hispanic/Latino
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
31) People who were restricted by covenants in deeds included all of the following people in the
United States except for
A) Caucasians.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
32) The "separate but equal" doctrine in the United States was legally established by
B) Plessy v. Ferguson.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
33) The "separate but equal" doctrine of racial equality was accompanied by
E) "Jim Crow" laws across the American South.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
34) The Brown v. Board of Education court decision ruled that
A) separate schools for blacks and whites were unconstitutional.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
35) According to the United States Census Bureau, a Mexican American might also be
considered a member of which races?
C) Black, White, or another
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
36) An example of white flight is the
E) emigration of whites from central Los Angeles as blacks were arriving.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the
United States.
8
37) Which pair of concepts or entities from South Africa and the United States is the best match?
A) apartheid—"Jim Crow" laws
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
38) South Africa is the only state in southern Africa that
C) first elected a Black as president during the 1990s.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
39) Ethnic identity for U.S. descendants of European immigrants is primarily preserved through
D) religion and food.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
40) A nationality is
A) a group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
41) The key elements of nationalism include all but
D) political structure.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
42) The concept that nationalities have the right to govern themselves is known as the right of
C) self-determination.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
43) Loyalty and devotion to a state that represents a particular group's culture is
A) nationalism.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
44) Before its breakup the Soviet Union was the largest ________ state.
A) multinational
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
45) Which describes the nationality of someone who gives allegiance to the United Kingdom?
C) British
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
46) Large-scale migration occurred in South Asia after 1947 primarily because of the
D) separation of religious groups.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Describe the process of ethnic cleansing.
47) Until it was forced to withdraw its troops in 2005, most of Lebanon was controlled by
B) Syria.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.4: Identify and describe the principal ethnicities in western Asia.
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48) An example of a nationality might be
A) a group of Cherokee Indians living on a reservation.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
49) Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because
A) nearly the entire population are ethnic Danes who speak Danish.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
50) Which of the following is not a strong centripetal force in the United States?
C) the many ethnic groups living in the United States
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
51) Which of the following is likely the least or weakest centripetal force in the United States?
C) Internet content available from around the world
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
52) When a U.S. politician attempts to appeal to the widest number of voters, she or he probably
appeals to concepts of shared
A) nationality.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
53) For the former Soviet Union, which of these was the most important centripetal device?
B) the Russian language
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
54) In 1947 a Muslim family living in central India likely felt pressure to migrate
D) to the northwestern border and then to Pakistan.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Describe the process of ethnic cleansing.
55) In 1947 a Hindu family living in Pakistan or northwestern India likely felt pressure to
migrate
D) to the south, southeast, or east away from Muslim-controlled areas.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Describe the process of ethnic cleansing.
10
56) According to this map, the Kurds are likely
D) divided among Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.3: Describe how the Kurds, as well as ethnicities in South Asia, have
been divided among more than one nationality.
57) The Kurds
D) have a large population but are divided among enough countries that they are a minority in
every one.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.3: Describe how the Kurds, as well as ethnicities in South Asia, have
been divided among more than one nationality.
58) Sri Lanka has continuing ethnic conflict between
A) Sinhalese Buddhists and Tamil Hindus.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify and describe the principal ethnicities in Lebanon and Sri
Lanka.
59) The Lebanese civil war resulted when the country broke down because of
C) changes in the majority between religious groups.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify and describe the principal ethnicities in Lebanon and Sri
Lanka.
60) Ethnicities in the same country come into conflict partly because
A) they have conflicting traditions of self-rule.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Explain the concept of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans.
11
61) Neighborhood changes in ethnicity are sometimes caused by the illegal practice of
C) blockbusting.
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
62) Traditionally, the most important unit of African society was the
B) tribe.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
63) Most of the conflict in Africa is widespread because of
E) colonial boundaries in the midst of numerous ethnic and national groups.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Describe the process of ethnic cleansing.
64) Balkanization refers to
B) the breakdown of a state due to conflicts among nationalities.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Explain the concept of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans.
65) The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused mainly by
C) rivalries among nationalities.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
66) The most important centripetal force in Yugoslavia before its breakup was the
D) common economic interests.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
67) NATO planes flying high over former Yugoslavia during the civil war provided information
later used for geographic interpretation to
C) document acts of ethnic cleansing by Serbs.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Explain the concept of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans.
68) Race is often described as
B) identification with a group that purports to share a biological ancestor.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.4: Identify the principal episodes of genocide in central Africa.
69) One reason for forced migration in Ethiopia was the
E) civil war with the Eritreans.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.3: Identify the principal episodes of genocide in northeastern Africa.
70) As Sudan's religion-based civil war was winding down, an ethnic war erupted in the region
of
C) Darfur.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.3: Identify the principal episodes of genocide in northeastern Africa.
71) The process when a group forcibly removes another group is called
D) ethnic cleansing.
Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Describe the process of ethnic cleansing.
12
72) Ethnic groups in the United States no longer conflict with one another.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
73) Ethnicities are clustered at the neighborhood level in the United States.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Describe the distribution of major U.S. ethnicities among states and
within urban areas.
74) The U.S. Civil War was fought to keep anti-slavery Southern states from seceding from the
Union.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
75) African American northward migration followed the major U.S. highways.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the
United States.
76) Detroit subsidized African American immigration from the South to alleviate tensions and
maintain the ethnic mix.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 7.2.1: Describe the patterns of forced and voluntary migration of African
Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans to the United States.
77) Slavery has occurred around the world, and it was banned in many countries before it was
ended in the United States.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
78) In Sri Lanka, the three major ethnicities are the Sinhalese, Tamil, and Moors.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify and describe the principal ethnicities in Lebanon and Sri
Lanka.
79) Nation-states in Europe were formed by nationalities.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
80) Nationalism is an important example of a centrifugal force for a state.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
81) Denmark is a completely homogeneous nation-state.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
13
82) Japan is a completely homogeneous nation-state.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
83) Switzerland is a nation-state.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
84) Ethnicities can be transformed into nationalities.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
85) Nationalities can be transformed into states.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
86) People were forced to migrate in South Asia during the 1940s because of linguistic disputes.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.3: Describe how the Kurds, as well as ethnicities in South Asia, have
been divided among more than one nationality.
87) The maps in this chapter indicate that in Sri Lanka, the Tamil are clustered mainly in the
north, as well as in the center and on the eastern coast.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify and describe the principal ethnicities in Lebanon and Sri
Lanka.
88) The maps in this chapter indicate that the former Yugoslavia was roughly divided between
Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire in the early 1900s.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Explain the concept of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans.
14
89) The maps in this chapter indicate that in the former Yugoslavia, at least five different
languages were commonly spoken.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Explain the concept of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans.
90) The maps of former Yugoslavia indicates that in the former Yugoslavia, members of the
Serbian ethnic group were clustered mainly in the center.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Explain the concept of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans.
15
91) The maps of former Yugoslavia indicates that in the former Yugoslavia, a Bulgarian
minority occupied parts of eastern Serbia.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Explain the concept of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans.
92) The map or Sri Lanka indicates that in Sri Lanka, the Sinhalese are clustered in the center
and south.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify and describe the principal ethnicities in Lebanon and Sri
Lanka.
93) The map or Sri Lanka indicates that in Sri Lanka, the Moors are clustered mainly along the
western coast.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify and describe the principal ethnicities in Lebanon and Sri
Lanka.
94) In Sri Lanka, the Moors are the ethnicity that dominate the smallest amount of territory.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify and describe the principal ethnicities in Lebanon and Sri
Lanka.
95) Most of the Muslims in Lebanon adhere to Shiite sects.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify and describe the principal ethnicities in Lebanon and Sri
Lanka.
16
96) The map of Lebanon indicates that in Lebanon, members of the Maronite ethnic group, who
are mostly Christians, are clustered mainly in the center of the country.
Answer: TRUE
97) The map of Lebanon indicates that in Lebanon, the ethnic groups that adhere to the Druze
religion are mainly clustered in the southern half of the country.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify and describe the principal ethnicities in Lebanon and Sri
Lanka.
98) The term ghettos identifies only the African American neighborhoods in the United States.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the
United States.
99) Asian, White, Black, Native American, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander
are all terms of self-identification.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
100) The trans-Atlantic slave trade was a kind of ________ migration.
Answer: forced
Learning Outcome: 7.2.1: Describe the patterns of forced and voluntary migration of African
Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans to the United States.
101) South Africa enacted legal segregation called ________. Blacks were supposed to declare
citizenship in a ________ and move there. In 1991 the legal system was changed and ________
was elected president.
Answer: apartheid; homeland; Nelson Mandela
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
17
102) Why are nation-states generally stable states?
Answer: The boundaries of the state follow those of the nationality.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
103) What are the four prominent national groups included in the United Kingdom?
Answer: Northern Irish, Scottish, Welsh, and English.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
104) Explain why ethnicity will continue to contribute to local diversity even as other cultural
elements become globalized.
Answer: Varies
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
105) Discuss a family, group or other segment of an ethnicity in your town or community. With
their specific example in mind, how do they contribute to local diversity in the face of
globalizing forces?
Answer: Varies
Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Identify and describe the major ethnicities in the United States.
106) Estimate the kinds of additional expenses and confusion that apartheid laws would cause for
South Africa if they were newly instituted today. (For the purposes of this essay, ignore the
outrage, international condemnation, and internal civil unrest that such a change in policy would
undoubtedly provoke.)
Learning Outcome: 7.2.3: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States
and South Africa.
107) Russia fought to prevent Chechnya from gaining independence because ________.
Answer: it feared other ethnicities would follow suit, and Chechnya contains deposits of oil
Learning Outcome: 7.3.4: Identify and describe the principal ethnicities in western Asia.
108) Why were 17 million people forced to migrate in South Asia in the late 1940s?
Answer: Answers Vary. Partition of the territory into India and Pakistan on the basis of religion;
people feared living under the rule of the dominant group; others reacted to signs of mob
violence.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.3: Describe how the Kurds, as well as ethnicities in South Asia, have
been divided among more than one nationality.
109) In your opinion, is Mexico a nation or a state? What evidence exists to the contrary of your
opinion? (Consider another perspective, at odds with your own.) Give specific data to support
your answer, including a definition of the elements of a nation-state.
Answer: Varies
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
18
110) Sri Lanka had a long-running conflict between its two main groups of people. Describe the
two groups and the major concern of the losing group now that the war has ended.
Answer: Tamil and Sinhalese; the Tamil fear that their military defeat jeopardizes their ethnic
identity.
Learning Outcome: 7.3.3: Describe how the Kurds, as well as ethnicities in South Asia, have
been divided among more than one nationality.
111) Discuss the kinds of confusion that you or another person might encounter on filling out the
U.S. Census questions on race and ethnicity, particularly if the respondent is of mixed race or of
Latino/Hispanic heritage.
Answer: Varies
Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicity and nationality.
112) Describe the ethnic conflicts that came after the breakup of Yugoslavia.
Answer: Varies
Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Explain the concept of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans.
113) Imagine that you had been the leader of a small contingent of United Nations soldiers in a
town in Croatia, Serbia, or another part of Yugoslavia during its civil war. Assuming that the
town you are to protect has a population of mixed ethnicities and religious backgrounds, what
strategies and tactics might you propose to keep the town safe? What would the town's chief
threats be? Why?
Answer: Varies
Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Explain the concept of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans.
