Chapter 7 - Deviance & Social Control Name: Section … · 1 Chapter 7 - Deviance & Social Control Name: _____ Section 1 - p. 203-208 Read 7:1 (p. 203-208). Define bolded words, using

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Chapter 7 - Deviance & Social Control Name: _________________________

Section 1 - p. 203-208

Read 7:1 (p. 203-208). Define bolded words, using glossary definitions. Fill in notes from book below. The items in ITALICS will be things to fill in with the PowerPoint.

Section Preview:

Deviance -

(PowerPoint Info:)DEVIANCE & SOCIAL CONTROL! Deviance is the ____________________________________________________.

! It is difficult to define because ____________________________________________________ onwhat should be considered deviant behavior.

THE NATURE OF DEVIANCE! Deviance is __________________________________________________________________.

! Deviance is a matter of ________________________________ - it can vary from group to group andsociety to society.

! In a diverse society like that of the US, it’s often difficult to agree on what is or is not deviant behavior.

Deviance may be either _______________________ or _____________________________.

! _______________________________________ involves behavior that fails to meet accepted norms.! People expressing negative deviance either ________________________________________,

_______________________________________, or are ____________________of the norms.

! __________________________ involves ______________________ to norms. Positive deviants

idealize group norms.

! Positive deviance can be as disruptive and hard to manage as negative deviance.

! For sociologists, a ___________________ is a person who has violated one or more of society’s mosthighly valued norms.

! Reactions to deviants are usually ____________________ and involve attempts to__________________________________________________________________________.

According to Simmons’ 1969 poll results, what group(s) of deviants do you fall into? (More than likely youfall into more than 1 of the deviant groups mentioned... Write them down here.)

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Negative Deviance -

People expressing negative deviance do (or are) one of 3 things... What are they?A-

B-

C-

Positive Deviance -

What does positive deviance lead to?A-

B-

Deviant -

Social Control -

Without social control, social life would be:A-

B-

What are the 2 broad types of social control?A-

B-

(PowerPoint Info:)SOCIAL CONTROL! Without social control - __________________________________________ - social life would be

unpredictable.! There are 2 broad types of social control: ___________________________________________.

What is internal social control?! This type of social control lies _____________________________________________________.! You are practicing internal social control when you do something because

______________________________________________________________________ or whenyou don’t do something because you know __________________________________________.

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(PowerPoint Info Continued:)What is external social control?! External social control is based on social _____________________ - rewards or punishments

designed to encourage desired behavior.! Positive sanctions are used to _______________________________________________.

! Negative sanctions are intended to stop _____________________________________________.

! Sanctions may be formal or informal.

What is a major problem sociologists have in defining deviance?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

From the Learning Check p. 207

1- What is the term sociologists use for behavior that significantly violates societal or group norms?

2- State a major problem sociologist have in defining deviance.

3- What is the purpose of a social sanction?

4- At some point in growing up, nearly everyone displays some minor deviant behaviors, such ascutting class or telling a lie. Getting “caught” in such behaviors generally results in attempts atsocial control. Recall such an instance (name it and write it down) for yourself. How successfulwere these controls in changing your behavior (explain in detail)? (Be specific as to the types ofsocial control - internal and/or external - and their precise application to you.) 4 points

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Section 2 - p. 209-213 Name: _________________________

Read 7:2 (p. 209-213). Define bolded words, using glossary definitions. Fill in notes from bookbelow. The items in ITALICS will be things to fill in with the PowerPoint.

Section Preview:

(PowerPoint Info:)FUNCTIONALISM & DEVIANCE! Functionalists believe that some deviance can ________________________________________

__________________________________________________.! Deviance, therefore, has both negative & positive consequences for society.

! ____________________________ also forms the basis for 2 important theories of deviance:

__________________________________________________________________________.

What are some of the negative effects of deviance?! Deviance ________________________________.

! Deviance can cause ___________________________________________________________.

! Deviant behavior is __________________________________.

How does deviance benefit society?! Deviance clarifies norms by ______________________________________________ to defend

its values;____________________________________________________________________________.

! Deviance can be a temporary safety valve.

! Deviance increases ___________________within a society or group.

! Deviance ____________________________________________________________.

Negative Effects of Deviance:1-

Examples from book:

What happens to a society with widespread suspicion and distrust?

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2-

Examples from the book:

What does deviance stimulate?

3-

Benefits of Deviance:1-

Example from book:

2-

Example from book:

3-

Example from book:

4-

Examples from book:

(PowerPoint Info:)STRAIN THEORY! ______________________ is a social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent.! Strain theory is the theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between

_____________________________________________________________________________.

! Every society establishes some goals and socially approved ways of reaching them.

! _______________________ is when people accept the goal and the means to achieve it.

! ___________________________________________________________________________are deviant responses to strain.

Anomie -

Who was responsible for the definition of “anomie”? ________________________

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Without shared norms, what happens to....Individuals?

Societies?

Strain Theory-

When & Who adapted Durkheim’s concept of anomie to deviant behavior and called his hypothesisthe strain theory?

When?

Who?

According to Merton, when is deviance most likely to occur?

Examples of this named in the book:

Every society establishes some goals and socially approved ways of reaching them....In the US, what are 2 goals given in the book:

What are the 2 ways to achieve them (from the book)?

What does Merton call it when people accept the goal and the means to achieve it? _____________

How do people respond to strain?By definition, conformity is NOT deviant behavior. List the remaining 4 ways that people respond tostrain that are considered deviant.

1- In _____________________, the individual accepts the goal of success but uses illegal means toachieve it.Examples from book: ______________________________________________

2- In ______________________, the individual rejects the goal (success) but continues to use thelegitimate means. Here people go through the motions without really believing in the process.Example from book: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3- _______________________ is a deviant response in which both the legitimate means and theapproved goals are rejected. These people have “dropped out.” They are not successful by eitherlegitimate or illegitimate means and they do not seek success.Examples from book: _________________________________________________

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4- In ____________________, people reject both success and the approved mens for achieving it. At the same time, they substitute a new set of goals and means. They may live in near isolationas they pursue the goal of changing society through deviant means.Example from book: ______________________________Deviant means of Example: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Use Figure 7:2 on p. 211 to fill-in-the-blanks of the chart below.Merton’s Strain Theory

CulturallyApproved Goal:Success

SociallyAccepted Wayto Succeed:Hard Work

ConformityResponse

DeviantResponse

Examples

ACCEPTS goal of success

ACCEPTS hard work as theappropriate wayto succeed

______________works hard tosucceed

Businessexecutive

ACCEPTSgoal of success

REJECTShard work as theappropriate wayto succeed

Innovation - __________________________________________

Criminal

REJECTS goal of success

ACCEPTS hard work as theappropriate wayto succeed

______________acts as if hewants to succeedbut does notexert much effort

Unmotivatedteacher



Retreatism -__________________________________________

Skid rowalcoholic



______________substitutes newway to achievenew goal

Militia groupmember

Now, highlight the word “ACCEPTS” in the first 2 columns of above chart one color. (1 point)

Then, highlight the word “REJECTS” in the first 2 columns of the above chart in another color.(1 pt)

Control Theory -

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(PowerPoint Info:)CONTROL THEORY! According to control theory, _______________________________________________ depends

on the presence of strong bonds between ___________________________________________.

! If those bonds are weak - __________________________________________ - devianceoccurs.

! ______________________________ control the behavior of people, preventing deviant acts.

! People conform because ________________________________________________________.

What are the basic elements of social bonds?! According to Hirschi, the social bond has four basic components:

* _____________________________________

* _____________________________________

* _____________________________________

* _____________________________________

! When social bonds are weak, ____________________________________________________.

Who came up with control theory, based on Durkheim’s views? _____________________________

In control theory, what controls the behavior of people and prevents deviant acts? _______________

According to control theory, why do people conform? ______________________________________According to Hirschi, the social bond has 4 basic components... They are listed below. Write the(whole) description from the book next to each.

4 basic components of social bonds (control theory):1- ATTACHMENT

2- COMMITMENT

3- INVOLVEMENT

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4- BELIEF

In short, when social bonds are weak, the chances for deviance increase. Individuals who lackattachment, commitment, involvement, and belief have little incentive to follow the rules of society.

(PowerPoint Info:)Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits of deviance for society?A. It increases suspicion and mistrust among members of a society.B. It promotes social change.C. It increases social unity.D. It provides a safety valve.E. It promotes clarification of norms.

_____________________ are benefits of deviance.

From the Learning Check - p. 2121 (2) - Briefly describe the main idea of Merton’s strain theory.

2 (3)- A high school teacher who simply goes through the motions of teaching class without anythought of success is an example of which response in strain theory?

__________________________________

Since they’re listed above, you don’t have to actually do this now, but be able to list and/or describewhat the 4 basic elements of social bonds are.

Read Sociology Today: Is Teen Smoking A Deviant Behavior on p. 213.

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Section 3 - p. 214-217 Name: _________________________


Section Preview:

(PowerPoint Info:)SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM & DEVIANCEThe symbolic interactionist perspective yields 2 theories of deviance:

! _________________________________________

! _________________________________________

Differential Association Theory -

(PowerPoint Info:)DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY! Differential Association theory emphasizes the role of __________________________________

transmitting deviance.! Just as we learn preferences in religion and politics from others we associate with closely, people

can learn _______________________________________________________.! The more individuals are exposed to people who break the law, the more apt they are to become

__________________________________.

How is deviance learned?! the ration of deviant to nondeviant individuals! whether the deviant behavior is practiced by significant others! the age of exposure

3 Characteristics that Affect Differential Association Theory. (Write the description/what’s in the bookto the right of each.)1- The ratio of deviant to nondeviant individuals.

2- Whether the deviant behavior is practiced by significant others.

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3- The age of exposure.

Labeling Theory -

(PowerPoint Info:)LABELING THEORY! Labeling theory explains why deviance is __________________________.! According to labeling theory, deviant behaviors are always a matter of

_______________________________________.! In this view, deviance exists when _________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________.

! ______________________________________ was a pioneer of labeling theory.

Read the section, “Is deviance defined by the act or by the individual?” After reading it, you will findthat deviant behaviors are always a matter of social definition. With that in mind, answer thequestion: Is deviance defined by the act or by the individual?

Labeling theory allows us to understand the relativity of deviance. List the 2 examples of relativity of deviance in the book.

1-

2-

(PowerPoint Info:)ARE THERE DEGREES OF DEVIANCE?! In cases of primary deviance, a person engages only in isolated acts of deviance; deviance is not

a part of a person’s _________________________________________________________.

! Secondary deviance refers to deviance as a _______________________ and as a

________________________________________.

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Primary Deviance -

Secondary Deviance -

Stigma -

(PowerPoint Info:)What are consequences of labeling?! Labeling people as deviants can cause them ______________________________________, as

well as determine the direction of their lives.

! _______________________________ wrote about ________________ - an undesirablecharacteristic or label used by others to deny the deviant full social acceptance.

Which of the following describes what is meant by differential association?A. Crime is more likely to occur among individuals who have been treated differently.B. People may become criminals through close association with criminals.C. Crime is not transmitted culturally.D. Crime comes from conflict between two cultures.

From the Learning Check - p. 2171 (2) - Name the sociological theory that takes into account relativity of deviance. _______________

2 (4) - What are the social consequences of labeling? (4 points - Look for 4 things.)

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Section 4 - p. 218-223 Name: _________________________


Section Preview:

(PowerPoint Info:)CONFLICT THEORY & DEVIANCE! The conflict perspective looks at deviance in terms of __________________________________

___________________________.

! The _________________________________________ determine who will be regarded asdeviant.

! Conflict theorists point to some _______________________ statistical relationships betweenminorities and crime.

DEVIANCE IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY! Critics of industrial society are considered deviants because their beliefs ___________________

its economic, political, and social basis.

! _________________________ requires a willing _____________________, those who will notwork are considered deviants.

! Those who threaten ___________________________, especially that belonging to the _______,are prime targets for punishments.

! Because of society’s ________________________________________________________,people who show a lack of respect for authority are treated as deviants.

! _____________________________ are encouraged depending on how well they fit withinindustrial society.

From the conflict perspective, what is deviance in an industrial society?________________________________________________________________________________

What is the name of the sociologist who proposed basic ways in which the culture of an industrialsociety defends itself against deviants? ______________________________________________

Give 2 examples from the book of people who show a lack of respect for authority and are treated asdeviants.1- __________________________________ 2- ______________________________

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Write down the example of an activity (and why) that is acceptable because it “fits” with the valuesof industrial society.____________________________________________________________ because it fosters

_______________________________________________________________________________.

(PowerPoint Info:)RACE, ETHNICITY, & CRIMESupporters of the conflict perspective believe that:

! _________________________ receive __________________________________ in theAmerican criminal justice system.

! Minorities generally do not have the _______________________________________ to buygood legal services.

! Society sees minority interests as ________________________________ than the interests ofwhites.

! _____________________________________ reduces the seriousness of crimes directed atmembers of lower social classes.

Victim Discounting -

White-Collar Crime -

(PowerPoint Info:)WHITE-COLLAR CRIME! White-collar crime is any crime committed by __________________________ and

___________________________ people in the course of _______________________________.

! According to the United States Department of Justice, the costs of white-collar crime are _______

times __________________ than the costs of __________________________________.

KEEP GOING TO THE NEXT PAGE FOR MORE 7:4 QUESTIONS & INFORMATION.

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USE Figure 7.3 Focus on Theoretical Perspectives - Deviance AND YOURKNOWLEDGE/EXPERIENCES to fill-in-the-blanks in the table below. You are writing in an examplethat you come up with that matches both the perspective and the concept in the same row as theblank box in the table.

TheoreticalPerspective

SociologicalConcept

Example of Deviance YOUR EXAMPLE (One youcame up with on your own.) * Must go with the Theoretical

Perspective & Sociological

Concept in same row.

Functionalism Anomie (Socialcondition inwhich norms areweak,conflicting, orabsent)

Delinquent gangs sell drugsbecause they want successwithout holding conventionaljobs.

ConflictTheory

White-CollarCrime (Anycrime committedby sociallyadvantaged andhigh-statuspeople in thecourse of theiroccupations)

A convicted Wall Street stockbroker (a more powerfulmember of society) mayspend less time in prisonthan a factory worker (a lesspowerful member of society)found guilty of the samecrime.

Symbolic-Interactionism

Labeling(Labeling Theorysays that societycreates devianceby identifyingparticularmembers asdeviant,)

Some high school studentsreject dating because theyhave been consistentlytreated and described as “notcool.”

(PowerPoint Info:)Which of the following is NOT one of the basic ways in which the culture of an industrial societydefends itself in the face of deviance?A. People whose beliefs clash with those of industrial society are labeled deviants.B. Industrial society requires a willing work force.C. Innovation is rewarded.D. People who fail to show respect for authority are likely to be considered deviant.

From the Learning Check on p. 2211 (3)- How could the conflict theory be misused to rationalize deviant behavior?

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2 (4)- Using the concept of victim discounting, explain why lower-class criminals are usuallypunished more severely than white-collar criminals for the same crime.

Read Focus on Research - Case Study: Saints & Roughnecks on p. 222-223. Then, answer thefollowing questions.

1- From your understanding of Chambliss’s study, is deviance socially created? Explain.

2- Which of the 3 major theoretical perspectives best explains Chambliss’s findings? Support yourchoice.

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Section 5 - p. 224-232 Name: _________________________


Section Preview:

(PowerPoint Info:)CRIME & PUNISHMENT! Crime statistics in the United States come from the FBI & Census Bureau.! Differences in statistics between the two agencies are due to

__________________________________________________________________________.

! ___________________________________ to crime control are deterrence, retribution,incarceration, and rehabilitation.

Crime -

(PowerPoint Info:)MEASUREMENT OF CRIME! Most Americans think of crime - acts of violation of statue law - as including a narrow range of

behavior. More than 2800 acts are classified as federal cries and many more acts violate state &local statutes.

What agency is UCR associated with AND what does “UCR” stand for?_________________________________________; _____________________________________

List the 9 types of crime that the UCR statistics cover.1- ____________________________________________________

2- ____________________________________________________

3- ____________________________________________________

4- ____________________________________________________

5- ____________________________________________________

6- ____________________________________________________

7- ____________________________________________________

8- ____________________________________________________

9- ____________________________________________________

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List the 5 limitations of UCR statistics:1-

2-

3-

4-

5-

What was launched in the early 1970s as a response to the criticisms of UCR statistics gathering?

What are the 2 advantages of this (the answer above) survey?1- ______________________________________________________________________________

2- ______________________________________________________________________________

(PowerPoint Info:)JUVENILE CRIME

! __________________________ refers to legal violations among those under ___________.

! Juvenile offenders are the ___________________________________ category in the U.S.

! Juvenile _________________________________________ includes deviance that only theyoung can commit.

What does “juvenile crime” refer to? ___________________________________________________

Teenage criminal activity includes (6 things from book) ____________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________.

Juvenile delinquent behavior deviance that only the young can commit, such as (4 things from book) ________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________.

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(PowerPoint Info:)APPROACHES TO CRIME CONTROL

! The ________________________________________ is made up the _____________________

and ___________________________________ responsible for enforcing criminal statutes.

! It includes the _________________________________________________________________.

! A _______________________________________________ may draw on four approaches to

control & punish lawbreakers - ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________.

Criminal Justice System -

Deterrence -

Retribution -

Incarceration -

Rehabilitation -

Recidivism -

List the 3 main reasons for th high rate of recidivism.

1- ____________________________________________________________________________

2- _____________________________________________________________________________

3- _____________________________________________________________________________

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Alternatives to prison:

1- _____________________________________________________________________________

Answer each part of the following question: What is shock probation, what is it designed to do,and what do the prisoners have to do as a result of it?

A- _________________________________________________________________________

B- ___________________________________________________________________________

C- ___________________________________________________________________________

2- _____________________________________________________________________________

Answer each part of the following question: What are community-based programs designed to do, what do they do since the convicts get to get out of prison for at least part of the day, and how dothe prisoners who participate get a chance to become part of society?

A- _________________________________________________________________________

B- ___________________________________________________________________________

C- ___________________________________________________________________________

3- ________________________________________

Answer each part of the following question: What is diversion aimed at, what does it involve, andwhy do authorities believe that offenders involved in diversion programs will not acquirestigmatizing labels and other liabilities?

A- _________________________________________________________________________

B- ___________________________________________________________________________

C- ___________________________________________________________________________

(PowerPoint Info:)Indicate whether the approaches to punishment listed below are rehabilitation (R), deterrence (D),retribution (Rb), or incarceration (I).____ A. Imprisonment without parole

____ B. Longer prison sentences

____ C. Extremely harsh prison conditions

____ D. Psychological counseling in prison

____ E. Swift justice

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From the Learning Check on p. 232

1 (2)- According to the FBI’s UCR, has crime in the US increased or decreased since 1989?

2 (3)- What is the main purpose of the National Crime Victimization Survey?

3 (4)- Yes or No: Has research supported the position that the death penalty deters crime? _______

Does this support or contradict what the majority of Americans believe? (Explain your answer.)

(PowerPoint Info:)CHAPTER SUMMARY

! _______________________ is the violation of __________________________________.

! According to ___________________________, deviance has both ______________________

and _______________________ consequences for society.

! _____________________________ forms the basis for ______________________________ &

_____________________________________.

! The _______________________________________________ yields 2 theories of

__________________________: _________________________________ (differential

association theory) and _________________________________.

! The ____________________________________________ looks at deviance in terms of social

_________________________________________________.

! Four approaches to crime control are ______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________.

Documents

Chapter 7 - Deviance & Social Control Name: Section … · 1 Chapter 7 - Deviance & Social Control Name: _____ Section 1 - p. 203-208 Read 7:1 (p. 203-208). Define bolded words, using