Chapter 7 Additional Studiesenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/FormB/EC/Risk_Assessment… · Mantri Lithos, Sun 5 & 6 EIA Report M/s. Mantri Technology Constellation Pvt

Mantri Lithos, Sun 5 & 6 , EIA Report

M/s. Mantri Technology Constellation Pvt. Ltd 206 M/s EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru

Chapter 7

Additional Studies 7.1 Risk Assessment, Hazards Management and Disaster Management Plan (DMP) 7.1.1 Introduction This construction project is High Rise Building (HRB) having maximum height of 126 meter, falls under purview of NBC 2005. Hence all technical and statutory requisite will be complied in line with the guideline. Since this HRB project is being envisaged, it is also mandatory and statutory part to assess risk and hazards associated with the project. In subsequent part all possible associated hazards with respect to construction and the precaution to avoid untoward incidence by critically appraising risk and mitigation supplement are identified.

In the further section, DMP is proposed for the project during construction and after completion ready with occupier.

The project can be divided into 2 phases.

1) Construction period 2) Post completion phase.

7.1.2 Construction period Activity In the construction part, hazards as well as risk and mitigation measure with supported by onsite and offsite DMP were appraised. In post construction all emergency situation likely be encountered and hence emergency plan / fire fighting plan, DMP, evacuation procedure be proposed were appraised.

List of the most common fatalities on a building site:

7.1.2.1 Falling from heights

Working in construction areas will have high magnitude of risk for those people working at heights, with increased chances of an injury, even death through slip/fall. The authorities have a number of recommendations to help make workers safe from this type of fatality.

If there is any risk of falling for someone working at a greater height, there should be adequate safety systems in place to minimize this. These systems might include restraints, catch platforms, scaffolding or safety nets. Supervision is another method to minimize the risk of someone falling.

7.1.2.2 Incidents with vehicles

Building sites might require working near moving vehicles. Because a site can be noisy and at times chaotic, there is an increased risk of not seeing or hearing a vehicle before it is too late. Safe Work states that there were number of fatalities as a result of an incident with a vehicle in

Mantri Lithos, Sun 5 & 6 EIA Report


early past. The incidents involving a worker may get hit with a vehicle inadvertently resulted in injury or may fatalities, To minimise this risk, there should be strict procedures in place about where vehicles can operate around the site. Vehicle operators should have strict guidance on making themselves more visible to builders, such as having reduced speed limits and high visibility markings.

7.1.2.3 Collision with moving or falling objects

Construction involves using a lot of different heavy tools and equipment, many moving around with a lot of power and speed.

During construction period, deaths resulted from getting hit by moving objects or being hit by falling ones, according to Safety authority. More than half of the deaths caused by being hit by moving objects involved road transport. Without exception, all workers on a construction site should be wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. According to the building Safety guidelines, this may include a high visibility hard hat, safety glasses and any other protective padding (such as footwear) that is deemed necessary for the task at hand.

Other concern areas though not so pertinent but do seek attention for safety working practices. We enumerate them as under –

7.1.2.4 Working at Height

The construction of buildings or indeed, demolition works – frequently requires tradesmen to work at height. Fatalities and injuries involving height relating factors account for many accidents.

The risks associated with working at a height are often increased by added access and mobility restrictions. Training, including safety awareness training is essential for employees required to work at height.

7.1.2.5 Moving Objects

A construction site is an ever changing environment; hazards are inherent to this industry and increases as construction progress, as things rise and expand.

Construction sites can get quite hectic with the shear volume of constantly moving vehicles and trades people – overhead lifting equipment shifting heavy loads, supply vehicles, dumper trucks everywhere, manoeuvring around a usually uneven terrain.

7.1.2.6 Slips, Trips, & Falls

Caution shall be ensured for the diverse range of activities going on at a construction site at any time. Surprising slips, trips and falls can happen. Construction sites are a mish mash of holes in the ground, buildings at various stages of completion, scaffolding, stored materials and equipment.

7.1.2.7 Noise

Noise is a major hazard within the construction industry. Repetitive excessive noise causes long term hearing problems and can be a dangerous distraction. Beware, using simple ear plugs does not necessarily offer total protection against hearing damage – employers are required to carryout and document a comprehensive noise risk assessment – and issue appropriate PPE.



7.1.2.8 Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome

Hand arm vibration syndrome, or ‘blue finger’ as it is commonly referred to, is a painful and debilitating industrial disease of the blood vessels, nerves and joints, triggered by prolonged use of vibratory power tools and ground working equipment.

This *industrial* disease is frequently cited in compensation claim cases opened by ex-construction workers who worked for years with little or no protection, using inappropriate and poorly maintained equipment.

7.1.2.9 Material & Manual Handling

Materials and equipment is being constantly lifted and moved around a construction site, either manually or by the use of lifting equipment. Different trades will involve greater demands, but all may involve some degree of risk.

Where employee’s duties involve manual handling, then adequate training must be carried out. Where lifting equipment is used, then adequate training must also be carried out, but may involve some form of test, to confirm competency. Records of training must be maintained for verification.

7.1.2.10 Collapse

Not exactly a hazard, more a risk – an accident in waiting. Every construction activity the excavations and trenches have been an integral and eminent part. The associated inherent risk of collapse, bury and seriously injure people working in them is likely. Thus, precautions need to be planned before the work starts.

The risk of an unintended collapse is generally more associated with demolition works or when a partially completed building or scaffolding collapses, but still accounts for a percentage of fatalities each year.

7.1.2.11 Airborne Fibres & Materials – Respiratory Diseases

Construction sites are a throng of activity and kick up a lot of dust, an often invisible, fine, toxic mixture of hazardous materials and fibres that can damage the lungs, leading to diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary, asthma and silicosis.

Employers have a duty to ensure protective equipment is actually used. Failure to do so could render an employee to disciplinary action.

7.1.2.12 Electricity

On average, in construction industry workers are likely to be electrocuted each year during refurbishment work on commercial and domestic buildings. People working near overhead power lines and cables are also at risk. There are also a growing number of electrocutions involving workers who are not qualified electricians but who are carrying electrical work, such as plumbers and joiners and decorators.



7.1.3 Post Completion: 7.1.3.1 High-Rise Buildings: Issues of Safety and Security

High-rises present a unique set of challenges regarding safety and security. However, many potentially dangerous situations can be averted and/or controlled by those who operate, live, and work in these structures.

The following are guidelines to help in safeguard occupier’s life and property:

Building Occupants Security

Read all safety and security information provided by employer and/or building management.

Know the name and phone numbers of security and management contacts. Keep them near designated place/ telephone.

Occupier to Wear ID badges, if required. Keep keys, pass cards, and code numbers in a safe place. Don’t lend them to others. Be selective about who you let into the building or enter secure areas – meet expected visitors in the lobby and personally escort them to their destination.

Be alert in high-risk areas, including parking ramps, garages, rest rooms, and elevators. Be

observant regarding unescorted strangers, suspicious packages, or suspected signs of tampering with locks, ceiling tiles, or light panels. Notify security or management of suspicious activity.

Establish a prearranged “danger signal” with co-workers or family.

Keep your work and living areas orderly. Neatness helps you identify new or missing objects.

In a residential high-rise, notify security or management of any vacation plans. Let them know about anyone you’ve authorized to come into your home or apartment while you’re away (i.e., pet sitter, etc.). Leave a number where you can be reached in the event of an emergency.

7.1.3.2 Fire or other Emergencies

Occupier to learn building’s approved emergency evacuation/relocation plan. If the plan has not been made readily available, request that management post and distribute the information to all building occupants and visitors. If one has a disability that may hinder your escape, let management know. Be sure there is a plan established to assist.

One must know building’s emergency reporting procedures. Post emergency numbers near all telephones.

Know the location of fire extinguishers and pull alarms (if applicable) and how to use them.

Understand the various levels of alarms in your building and the proper response for each. Know the layout of your floor and location of all stair exits, both primary and secondary routes – never use an elevator in a fire or similar emergency. Know the established meeting place for an evacuation or relocation. Return to work or living area only when advised by proper authorities.



All to Participate in all drills and take them seriously. Discuss and practice them with family and/or co-workers.

Know who’s responsible for maintaining your building’s safety systems. Report any signs of damage or malfunction, or if you see anything blocking these devices. Also report fire or other hazards (i.e. blocked exits, piles of trash, unmarked stairwells, open or locked fire doors, flammable or combustible materials or debris, etc.)

In a residential structure, make sure at least one smoke alarm is installed on every floor of your home or apartment and in or near every sleeping area.

Evaluate areas in and around the building to identify security risks. Develop and implement appropriate security plans and control systems, addressing issues such as:

Facility design; barriers and locking systems; safes, vaults, and secure storage areas; access- control systems; closed-circuit television surveillance; protective lighting; communication systems; parking; and traffic control.

Protection of property; proprietary information; forgery, fraud and theft; personnel screening; alcohol and drug abuse; employee awareness; management of the security force; investigations; reports; and loss analysis.

Disaster response and recovery; workplace violence; arson, sabotage and bomb threats;

terrorism and kidnapping, ransom and extortion; civil unrest; strikes, and labor disturbances.

To inform all building occupants and visitors about plans and encourage appropriate involvement.

Identify key security and management contacts. Continually update and amend plans as needed, communicating necessary revisions.

Establish a written emergency evacuation/relocation plan and process that incorporates basic elements such as:

Reporting process for fire and other hazards, emergency escape procedures and routes, and specific instructions and procedures for shutting down critical business operations (i.e., equipment, production, and business activities).

Designated meeting sites outside the facility and process to account for employees after an evacuation.

Chain of command including names and job titles of people (or departments) that are

Responsible for emergency decision-making and response actions.

Safety detection and emergency warning systems, central control systems, and detailed

Instructions for floor emergency evacuation teams.

Education and training for all emergency-floor evacuation teams, building occupants, and visitors.

Ensure all exits, corridors, and aisles are free and clear of obstruction.



Clearly mark stairwells. Inside the stairwell on each level, post the stairwell and floor design, how far you must descend to reach the ground floor exit and whether or not the stairwell provides access to the roof. Post instructions, placards, and evacuation diagrams for emergency escape procedures and emergency escape route assignments on each floor. Display emergency fire procedure information in corridors.

Make sure all safety detection and emergency warning systems such as the sprinkler system, standpipe system, fire alarm, public address system, fire department connections, emergency lights, and emergency power system, etc. are clearly marked, well maintained, and tested frequently.

Routinely schedule and hold instructive drills to ensure occupant familiarity with emergency plans.

Update evacuation and emergency response plans on an annual basis at minimum. The plan should be amended or updated as needed, with necessary revisions communicated to tenants and/or employees.

Each building presents unique problems in emergency situations due to differences in design, construction, fire-resistant qualities, height, floor layout, usage, and occupancy. Consider the above information as basic guidelines only. Always make sure to be in compliance with state or provincial laws, local codes, and regulations. Fire control and evacuation authorities (such as the fire department, consultants, insurance company) should be consulted for suggestions relating to a particular building.

7.1.4 Risk and Hazard 7.1.4.1 Hazards and Risk associated with High rise Building:

The risk assessment process is intended to identify probable hazards in the work environment and all operations, to visualize the hazards and to assess the risk levels of those hazards in order to prioritize those that need an immediate attention. In the unlikely event that an abnormal consequence has occurred, the disaster management kicks in. This includes prescribing the procedures pertaining to a number of issues such as communication, encounter, rescue, rehabilitation and further steps to prevent recurrence of such consequence in future. These issues are addressed in the disaster management plan.

Both, the RA and DMP are living documents and need to be updated whenever there are changes in operations, equipment or procedures.

Key Definitions

The terminologies used in this Risk Assessment (RA) study are defined below.

Consequence: Magnitude or size of the damage or loss. In terms of health and safety, it is the degree of harm that could be caused to the people exposed to hazard, the potential severity of injuries or ill health, and/or the number of people who could be potentially affected. Consequence of hazard need not only be in terms of human safety criteria, but could also be in terms of a financial loss due to holdup and incurred costs due to repairs/replacement, environmental impacts as well as public outrage.



Disaster: A catastrophic consequence of a major emergency/accident that leads to not only extensive damage to life and property, but also disrupts all normal human activity for a significant period of time and requires a major effort for rescue restore and rehabilitation of those affected.

Emergency: A situation of process deviation that, if uncontrolled, may lead to a major accident/disaster with potential short term and/or long term risk damage consequence to life and property in and/or around the workplace.

Hazard: Source of potential harm, injury or loss to man and machines.

Risk: Combination of the likelihood of a specific unwanted event and the potential consequences, if it occurs.

Risk Assessment: A process that involves estimation and measurement of risk to determine priorities and to enable identification of appropriate level of risk treatment

Risk Control: Implementation of strategies to prevent, control and minimize hazards.

Risk Management: Overall description of the steps taken to manage risk, by identifying hazards and implementing controls in the workplace.

7.1.5 Natural Hazards It is so far figured out hazards and associated risk which are pertinent to human behaviour and to some extent negligence, ignorance, inadvertent traits results into accidents/mishap. Following hazards which can be termed as involuntary act or natural/act of god. Some of them are identified as under -

Earthquake

Fires

Hazardous Materials inventory

Power Outage

Terrorism These aspects are beyond the control of normal human being and thus need local administration to take lead in such eventualities. An offsite emergency plan shall be prepared in concurrence with building management for safety and administration for liaison. Proponent will also ensure and take stability and safety certificate form third party (competent person) for structural safety and its tolerance against earthquake.

7.1.5.1 Nature of occupational injuries in construction

Occupational injuries from construction activities in general are classified by

Danger of physical injury and fatality

Damage to health

Construction accidents resulting in physical injuries and fatalities can be broadly categorized into the following eight basic groups -



7.1.5.2 Physical injuries and fatalities

Falling from heights – involves workers falling from higher floors to lower floors/ground and falling from ground level to excavation level.

Struck by falling/moving objects/vehicles – primarily involves workers being struck by equipment, private vehicles, falling materials, vertically hoisted materials and horizontally transported materials.

Excavation related accidents – encompasses accidents due to cave-in, contact with underground utilities, subsiding of nearby structures, falling of materials/vehicles/ objects onto people working in the excavation as well as fumes, gases and inrushes of water at the bottom of excavations.

Accident by operation of machinery/tools – caused by toppling of machinery, collapsing of the parts of machinery and unsuitable or unsafe hand-held tools.

Electrocution – caused by contact with electric current from machinery, tools, appliances or light fixtures, faulty electrical equipment and tools, and contact with overhead/underground power lines.

Fire/explosion – accidents resulting from the explosion of pressure vessels or gasoline pipes and fire due to welding/hot works.

Failure of temporary structures – accidents owing to the failure of formworks and scaffoldings.

Others - e.g. slipping on the same level, oxygen deficiency in confined spaces, lightning strike, etc.

7.1.5.3 The nature of health hazards that may be caused to construction workers are shown as under –

Health damages in construction

7.1.5.4 Health hazard Cause Skin diseases Contact with cement, slaked lime, paint, varnish thinner, solvents, strong chemicals, grouts, seals and adhesives.

Hardness of hearing Noise

Respiratory disease Inhalation of toxic dusts, vapour and gases

Muscular and bone disease High static stress, unnatural working postures

Mental illness Stress, inhalation of toxic materials affecting brain and Central nervous system

Disease caused by vibration

The root causes of occupational accidents on construction sites can be listed as under in four clusters.



Working condition

Type of work

Work location

Status of tools, equipment and temporary structures

Physical layout of the workplace

Management failure

Poor housekeeping

Violation of workplace safety standards

Poor supervision and checking of work progress, tools, equipment and temporary structures

Unsafe acts of workers

Disregarding safety rules

Horseplay

Skill and training

Non-human related events

Unexpected ground conditions/terrain

Adverse weather/earthquake/tsunami, etc. on site.

The working condition is an inherent hazard with the work owing to the scope and location of the project. The inherent hazard is managed through a safety management system, which can cause occupational accidents when flaws exist. The negligent attitude of workers to forego safety standards also causes accidents, although it is less quantifiable. Non-human related events are beyond control and prediction.

Hence the estimation of occupational injury risks in construction projects should assess two factors -

Project’s inherent hazard level

Safety management level.

7.1.6 Assessing construction project hazards Following list of high hazardous activities in building construction projects has been considered for facilitating hazard assessments. The hazardous activities are as follows:

Demolition works;

Excavation works;

Scaffolding and ladder works;

Falseworks (temporary structures);



Roof works;

Erection of structural frameworks;

Crane use;

Construction machinery and tools usage;

Works on contaminated sites;

Welding and cutting works; and

Works in confined spaces.

A particular project may have many of these activities and the degree of hazard inherent in each activity is attributed to its risk parameters.

7.1.6 .1 Demolition hazards

Demolition is one of the high-risk activities of the construction industry with a fatal and major injury incidence rate is much higher of that for the whole of the construction industry. Most of all fatal accidents have occurred in construction field occur in the demolition sector

Demolition workers face a variety of hazards -

Falling from heights;

Being hit or trapped by falling objects;

Excessive noise from hand-held tools, demolition balls, pneumatic drills, explosives and falling parts;

Vibration from hand-held pneumatic tools;

Respiratory hazards from dust which may contain toxic constituents such as asbestos and silica

Flying particles causing eye and skin injuries; and

Fires and explosives, especially when demolishing tanks that contained oils or flammable chemicals.

7.1.6 .2 Excavation hazard-

Excavations can be differentiated into three types:

Trenches

Basements

Wide Excavations

Pits/shafts (for pad and pile foundations).

workers are expose to similar hazards and accidents. Workers in the underground construction industry, especially water, sewer and utility line. Traditionally had a higher accident and injury rate than other workers in the heavy construction industry.



Accidents in excavation works occur in one of the following ways –Collapse of sides/cave-in:

Cave-in is perhaps the most feared and chief cause of accidents in excavation works. It buries workers and/or cause crushing injuries to survivors.

Contact with underground utilities:

Works in excavations often encounter obstructions from intersecting utilities lines that may cause injuries and/or fatalities to workers by:

Electrocution and/or explosion when electrical cables and/or gasoline pipes are damaged;

Collapse of excavation due to flooding led by damage to water lines and/or sewer lines; and

Drowning in floods from damaged water/sewer lines

Dangerous atmospheres: Dangerous atmospheres in excavations may result from oxygen deficiency as well as the presence of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous fumes and methane gas, which suffocate workers, kill or cause respiratory problems.

Workers being struck by falling materials/objects from top.

Workers falling into excavations.

7.1.6 .3 Scaffolding and ladder hazards:

Scaffolding is the most common way of providing platforms to works at heights.

The following hazards are associated with scaffold use-

Workers falling from the working platform;

Workers below the working platform being struck by materials falling from it;

The scaffold or part of it collapsing and throwing workers off with the collapsed structure and crushing workers under it or nearby.

Access to scaffolds is provided by ladders. Also, ladders themselves are often used as working platforms for the performance of light works.

Many serious accidents result from the misuse of ladders because:

Ladders slip when users are climbing or working from them;

Users slip or miss their footing while climbing;

Users overbalance when carrying materials or tools;

When defective ladders are used, they fracture under the weight of the user.

As per investigation the scaffolding and ladder-related accidents and reported two key risk factors

Design factors - height of the scaffold/ladder; suitability of the type for the task and height; and adequacy of design (member size, bracing, guardrails, platform size, and toe board).



Work environment and conditions – defects in the members of the scaffold/ladder; slippery condition on the platform; loading of materials and workers on the platform; and the nature of the platform the scaffold/ladder is rested on.

7.1.6 .4 False work hazards

A falsework is defined as a temporary structure used to support a permanent structure during its construction and until it becomes self-supporting. Falseworks may be required to support in-situ and pre-cast concrete construction, masonry arches as well as timber and steel frameworks. Accidents in false works occur by two means-

Total or partial collapse of falseworks leading to workers being thrown off or falling off from their place of work;

Other than the collapse of falseworks, workers slip and fall from falseworks through unprotected edges and holes of decking, and access ladders.

Identified two causes for false works collapses-

Inadequate design – deficiency in falsework design is caused by:

Failure to correctly estimate the type and extent of loading;

Inadequate foundation;

Incorrect choice or use of materials; and/or

Lack of provision for lateral stability.

Poor assembly – caused by the failure to inspect the materials (such as struts, planks, etc.), the soil condition at the foundation and the falsework erection.

7.1.6 .5 Roof work hazards:

The occupation of roofers has been rated as one of the most dangerous occupations. Roofers are at about six-time higher risk for fatal occupational injuries than the average worker, with falls being fatal events. Falls from roofs constitute the leading cause for work-related fall fatalities. Analyses of occupational fatality data indicate an increasing trend in the number of fatal falls from roofs during construction. Additionally, falls from roofs are a serious cause of non-fatal injuries in the construction industry. The injuries caused by falls from roofs are typically extremely severe, requiring long periods of treatment and recovery and resulting in substantial medical costs. It has been observed, a higher proportion of roofing accidents during maintenance period/activities will occur.These include roof edge falls, falls through fragile roofing materials and falls from the internal structure of roof.

7.1.6 .6 Hazards in erecting structural frameworks

The most serious accidents that occur during the erection and assembly of structural steel or pre-cast frameworks are

Erectors falling from heights when at their places of work, going to or returning from them;

The collapse of the whole or part of the framework causing workers to fall or striking those at lower levels



Workers at lower levels being struck by tools or materials falling or being thrown down.

The hazard level in erection works is dictated by the following variables:

Height and size of the structure/erection;

Design and erection method; and

Provision of a safe workplace such as safe access/egress, safe working platform at heights, safe tools containers and safety equipment (safety belt, harness, net, etc.).

7.1.6 .7 Crane hazards

Cranes are remarkable and invaluable tools for hoisting and carrying, but they are heavily represented in the industrial injury and fatality statistics. Most of them occur in the construction industry. Crane fatalities occur in the construction industry. Following are Identified under crane-related hazards:

overturning of a crane or the structural failure of its parts;

dropping of the suspended load;

electrocution;

trapping of people;

accidents during erection and dismantling as well as loading and unloading.

The causes of different crane failures have been inferring that the overturning of a crane or parts of it occur due to overloading, differential settlement of the crane support or foundation, operating on slope (for mobile cranes) and/or operating method. It has been reported that basic causes of dropping the load are overloading and improper maintenance of the crane and its parts. Finding also infers that electrocution and trapping are caused due to lack of communications between the operator, slingers and flagman/supervisor whereas erection and dismantling injuries are caused by unsafe work practice of contractors and lack of supervision.

7.1.6 .8 Construction machinery and tools hazards

Of all the construction industry fatalities may also occur with construction machinery the types of machinery involved in accidents include excavators and shovels, earthmoving equipment (i.e. crawler tractors and bulldozers, scrapers and graders), dumpers and dump trucks, forklift trucks, road rollers and lorries.

Accidents in construction machinery usage occur in one of the following modes–

Workers being run-over or struck by machinery moving forward or reversing;

Collision between machinery or with fixed objects such as

falseworks or scaffoldings;

Overturning of machinery while in operation; and

Workers falling from machinery.



These accidents are caused by the following major factors:

Failure of machinery- inoperative back-up alarms, brake failures, etc

Inadequate site planning resulting in poor visibility, inadequate maneuver space, inadequate signboards and poor site traffic control;

Lack of supervision and training of workers and operators; and

Construction noise that masks the sound of back-up alarms and the sound of plant.

It is also observed that in some of events in accidents the primary external factor was hand-held tools as sorted construction tools in descending order of hazard, viz:

Knife;

Hammer, sledge hammer, etc.;

(3) Grinding/cutting machine;

Jackhammer;

Drill;

Manual saw;

Crowbar, spit, etc.;

Tools for screwing;

Welding equipment – gas;

Axe;

Spade/excavation tools;

Gripping, holding, pinching, pulling tools;

Chainsaw;

Nail gun;

Compass saw, hole saw, etc.;

Welding equipment –electrical;

Circular saw;

Cutting tools; and

Other tools. Use of construction tools cause injuries and fatalities to workers by the following ways

Eye injuries caused by foreign objects getting into eyes by operations such as grinding, welding, cutting, drilling and breaking;

Finger/hand injuries by cut and burns;

Injuries caused by moving/broken machine parts;



Electrocution; and

Vibration from powered hand-held tools, causing a group of diseases. One of them is blood circulation disturbance known as “vibration white finger”.

Further noted that workers of mechanical contractors have contacted with considerable tools-related hazards, notably those who are involved in:

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems;

Site utilities such as water supply, storm water drainage system, sanitary disposal system and gas supplysystems;

Plumbing works - water distribution, water treatment and sanitary facilities;

Fire protection; and

Specialty systems. Most of the hazards are the result of faulty tools and/or unsafe handling of tools. Moreover, the type of tools and duration of use also dictate the hazard.

7.1.6 .9 Hazards on contaminated sites

A contaminated site can have one or many of the following substances, which are harmful to workers’ health

Metals (e.g. lead);

Inorganic compounds (e.g. cyanide compounds);

Oils and tars;

Pesticides;

Other organic compounds (e.g. benzene, toluene and polychlorinated biphenyls);

Toxic, explosive or asphyxiant gases (e.g. methane);

Combustible substances (e.g. petrol);

Fibres (e.g. asbestos and synthetic mineral fibres);

Putrescible or infectious materials (e.g. medical/biological wastes);

Radioactive wastes; and

Other harmful wastes (e.g. unexploded ordinance and syringes).

Contamination may be the result of:

Industrial processes carried out on the sitepreviously;

Materials stored or dumped on the site;

Some agricultural processeson the site such as a sheep dip or where farm chemicals were mixed for application;

Contaminants in imported fill; and/or

Demolition.



It is also likely that sites where contamination might be expected include:

asbestos producers;

chemical plants and depots;

dockland areas;

explosive factories and depots;

landfill sites of domestic and industrial wastes;

metal smelting and refining plants;

metal treatment and finishing works;

mines and queries;

oil production and storage depots;

paints and graphite factories and depots;

railway yards;

scrap yards;

sewage works;

steel works; and

tanning and associated trades.

Short or long-term health effects to people exposed to contaminants depend on the following variables:

The type of contaminants on site;

The quantity of contaminants present; and

The duration that the workers are exposed on site.

7.1.6 .10 Welding and cutting work hazards –

Welding and cutting works on construction sites expose workers to both injury and health hazards. Injury hazards due to welding and cutting are:

Fire or explosion due to extreme temperatures (up to 3000:C)from welding sparks coming into contact with flammable materials (e.g. coatings of metals, gasoline, oil, paint, thinner, wood, cardboard, paper, acetylene, hydrogen, etc.);

Electric shock from excess moisture (e.g. perspiration or wet conditions) and contact with metal parts which are "electrically hot";

Injuries due to flying sparks, particles of hot metals, molten metals, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, or chemical gases or vapours; and

Falls during work on ladders, above ground and in confined spaces. Health hazards due to welding works are:

Exposure to high noise levels from welding equipment, power sources and processes;



Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation resulting in skin burns and skin cancer. "Welder' s flash" (brief exposure to UV radiation) may result in temporary swelling and fluid excretion of the eyes or temporary blindness;

Irritation of lungs due to heat and UV radiation; and

Exposure to fumes and chemical substances.

The level of hazard in welding and cutting works depends on the following variables:

The volume of work;

Location of welding and cutting (confined space, underground, on ladders, etc.);

The use of safety protective equipment; and Housekeeping.

7.1.6 .11 Hazards in confined spaces-

The term “confined space” refers to a space, which by design has limited openings for entry and exit, unfavorable natural ventilation that could contain or produce dangerous air contaminants, and is not intended for continuous employee occupancy. Confined spaces include tanks, process vessels, pits, silos, vats, degreasers, boilers, utility vaults, pipelines, manholes, box girders and columns. Workers are required to enter confined spaces for tasks such as repair, inspection and maintenance, and are often exposed to multiple hazards. It is also evident and reported that incidents in confined spaces are fatal incident were caused by atmospheric hazards and some were caused by mechanical suffocation. Barring few from other causes of injury. Fatal injuries that occur in confined spaces are most likely to be from atmospheric hazards. The types of atmospheric hazards in confined spaces can be quite varied – some examples are shown as under

Rescue attempts in confined spaces can expose the unprepared rescuer to the risk of asphyxiation in an atmosphere that is unable to support respiration.

The main characteristics that recognize the level of hazards in a confined space are as follows -

Space configuration (i.e. size of the space and size of the ingress/egress);

Purpose of the confined space (i.e. if it is currently being used);

Activity to be involved inside the space (i.e. welding, application of solvents/adhesives, etc.); and

Level of natural ventilation inside the space

Emergency situations are generally more likely to occur and the following are possible:

Falls due to working at heights (during construction/repair and maintenance)

Electric shock caused by contact with faulty electrical equipment, cables, etc.

Chronic health issues related to inhalation or ingestion of dust or chemical vapor

Falls on floors made slippery by aqueous solutions or solvents/oil spillage

Burns by splashes of liquids, by steam or hot vapors, by contact with hot surfaces

Vehicle movements, heavycranes and other handling vehicles may call for mishaps, accidents



Exposure to adverse environmental factors (for e.g. high temperature/low temp)

HAZARDS CONSEQUENCE CONTROL MEASURES Fall from Height Injury, Accident, Casualty PPE. Training Excavation Bury Injury, Accident,

Casualty, Trapped Collapsed Wall,

SOP, Use PPE Skilled Supervision

Electrocution Shock, Injury, Death Safety Training, PPE. Skill Worker Structure Collapse Injury, Accident, Casualty OHS Policy, Training Confine Space Asphyxiation Injury,

Accident, Casualty OHS Compliance, Permit System, Skilled Supervision

Unsafe Operation Injury, Accident, Casualty SOP, Trained Worker Transport Vehicle Accidents

Injury, Accident, Casualty Load Bearing Roads Having Kerb Stones. Proper Road Maintenance, Signage Speed Restriction in The Site

Crane Accidents Injury, Accident, Casualty Restricted Movement of Vehicles and Human Being Inside Restricted Entry Area Skilled Staff, Sop, Strict Supervision

Harsh Noise Possible Hearing Loss Loss of Concentration Mood Swings Communication Issues Confusion Mental Fatigue

Acoustic Enclosure at DG Set And Anti-Vibration Pads on High Noise Generating Equipment. Use Proper Equipment, Tools, PPE

Dust Lungs Problem, Breathing, Improper Vision Site

Water Sprinkle, Dust Suppression, Vegetation

Exposure To Construction Material

Diseases, Silicosis, Other Long Exposure Diseases

Use Safety Gears, PPE Check Periodical Health

Cyclone Injury, Accidents, Structure Collapse, Loss of Material

DMP Should Be in Place

Extreme Weather Sickness, Loss of Work, Damages

Equipment Failure Injury, Accident, Other Damages

Use and Maintain Standard Equipment

Ergonomics Fatigue, Efficiency Loss Job Safety Analysis Unsafe Operation Accident, Casualty, Injury SOP, Permit System, Documentation Fire Injury, Loss of Life, Property,

Work Firefighting Equipment, Warning /Alarm System Fire Safety Plan, On-Site Emergency Plan in Place Along with Regular Mock-Drill Exercise. Pli Policy in Place

Unrest Accident, Injury, Property Loss, Damage Unintended

Off Sight Emergency Plan. District Admin to Take Call



Epidemic Sickness, Casualty, Loss Of Work

Occupational Health Center Be Available at Site, First Aid Trained Personnel to Be Available, Preventive and Routine Health Checkup, SHE Policy

Unhiegne Diseases, Mosquito, Other Breeding

OHS Policy Be Implemented

Blasting Injury, Casualty, Inadvertent Damages

SOP, Observe and Follow Statutory And Mandatory Instruction

Unsafe Road Vehicle Tumble, Water Logging, Accidents, Injury

Maintenance and Housekeeping

Improper Staking /Housing

Structure Collapse, Loss of Material, Unapproachable Distances, Accident

JSA, SOP, Management Safety Adherence.

Poor Lighting MIS-Judge Safety, Mental Fatigue, Accident

OHS Policy. JSA. To Arrange Proper Illumination

Unskilled Labor Accident, Injury, Duplication Work, Damage

Training and Exposure Under Supervision

Bad Communication

Accident, Loss of Work, Material

Proper Signage, Instruction, Plans Etc. Display and Training

Arson, Sabotage

Loss, Damage Only Authorized Persons Are Allowed Inside the Plant Area, Strict Supervision Of Employees, Proper Instrumentation Available In The Plant to Care of Any Such Activity, Visitor Policy in Place At Security Check. Pli Be Taken Visitor Pass Is Designed Based On Area Of Visit Only (Color Coding On Gate-Pass) All the Contractual Workers Are Thoroughly Checked, Offsite DMP

Earthquake Flood

Offsite DMP Be in Place

Aforesaid hazards are potential risk and need to checked and hence toward preparedness emergency plan shall have to be prepared towards mitigation measures.

7.1.7 Recommendations on Individual Accident Risks

Fall of persons from height: Training, use of life harness for working at height, providing platforms with railing at height, barricading pits and eliminating piping and other trips in passages are needed to prevent fall accidents of individuals.

Fall of objects from overhead work: Helmet use is essential for all project personnel, irrespective of their job nature; use of proper tools properly and handling non-greasy tools is important in preventing falls of objects; use of MS plates on overhead platforms to help restrict the fall of objects since even nuts and bolts can cause injuries.



Object hits on the body causing injuries: These accidents are prevented by providing appropriate guards and barricades for all moving parts and in-running nips.

Hand and foot injuries: Training may be given to workers pertaining to these techniques. Use of safety shoes with toe protection cup and use of appropriate hand gloves for specific activities are required in addition to use of correct tools and correct methods.

Flying objects and splinters causing face injuries: Use of face shields is required wherever

such hazards exist.

Falls, vehicle accidents, flying objects and falling objects causing head injury: Head injury is a very serious injury. Use of helmet should be mandatory. Helmet should be worn with snugly fitting chin belt. This is very important, as the chin belts are never used in India.

Non-use of chin belt, leads to the helmet flying off before the head hits during falls exposing the head for injuries.

Collisions of vehicles with other vehicles, other structures and human beings: Vehicular movement restrictions and routes need to be displayed. Backing of vehicles has high risk of accidents. Backing alarm signal (Not musical one) is made mandatory on all vehicles.

For fork lift trucks now they come fitted with infra-red sensors to detect objects behind about one meter away are available. All such measures are ensured to prevent collisions.

7.1.8 Evacuation Procedures High-rise buildings are required to have a Fire Safety and Evacuation Plan in accordance with IFC 404 and approved by the Fire Department prior to final occupancy. Before any floor of the building can be occupied for use the following shall be completed:

Permanent automatic sprinkler protection shall be installed on the occupied floor and all floors below.

The permanent fire alarm system shall be installed on the occupied floor and all floors below. The elevator recall system shall be installed on all floors.

The emergency generator shall be in service.

The smoke control system shall be complete and functional

An approved evacuation and life safety plan shall be in place

7.1.8.1 Phased Evacuation

In phased evacuation, occupants from the zone of fire origin may be moved to another area of the building that is protected from the fire zone. Phased evacuation is often associated with high-rise buildings. Phased evacuation is initiated using multiple notification devices. Horn/speakers – voice alarms, in combination with strobe devices, are generally used to notify occupants of a phased building evacuation. Occupants on the floor of fire origin and the floor above and below are given a signal and message to evacuate and to re-enter four floors below their originating floor. The following requirements must be met for phased evacuation to be considered in high-rise buildings.



7.1.8.2 Evacuation Patterns in High-Rise Buildings

Fire Resistive Construction: At a minimum, the building must be of fire resistive construction. Additionally, the building must be provided with smoke or fire compartmentation. Most of the compartmentation is achieved through fire-resistive building construction.

Full Automatic Sprinkler Protection: The building must be fully protected with quick response automatic sprinklers. Sprinklers offer the ability to control a fire early in its growth, while also providing an effective means of initiating the occupant notification system.

Fire Alarm System: The fire alarm system must meet the requirements. Reentry to occupied floors from the stairwell must be unobstructed, resulting in unlocked doors upon fire alarm signal.

Fire Safety management: Building management and occupant training play a critical role in evaluating phased evacuation capabilities.

If phased evacuation is to be used, it is imperative that fire zone boundaries are identical to occupant notification zone boundaries and smoke control zones. In other words, the entire fire zone must be single zone for occupant notification and protection, so that all occupants within the fire zone receive the same message and level of protection.

Emergency evacuation plan for Mantri Lithos 7.1.9 Disaster Management Plan Mantri Sun 5, 6 & Lithos: The DMP is supposed to a dynamic, changing, document focusing on continual improvement of emergency response planning and arrangement. A structure working on a Plan, Do, Check and Review cycle has been therefore suggested. Another advantage of doing this is to have a system that is in synchronicity with commonly used EHS system such as ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS 18000: 2007 respectively.

In recent past, have brought out glaring inadequacies in the management systems to respond to a disaster situation to effectively control and minimize the loss of lives and property. A disaster



management plan is prepared by locations dealing with hazardous conditions in order to face the eventuality in a well-prepared manner. The disaster management plan (DMP) outlines the overall picture of actions to be taken during emergency and key personnel who will be selected with particular role for every individual and responsibilities to take those actions at right time in right manner.

The DMP is covered in further details in the remaining sections

Definition Disaster is an incident or calamity caused by deficiencies in the system, accident, natural causes, or deliberate intent and resulting in serious damage or destruction to records and facilities; a sudden threat to personnel safety ; or major disruption of operations. In case of associated facilities, any unintentional/incidence, release of product (with or without fire) in an unconfined area must be considered as a case of emergency.

The aim of a disaster management plan is to detail the action plan to be implemented to minimize the losses through optimum utilization of resources available in the organization as well as the resources available with the external agencies.

Objectives

The document is prepared with the objective that Mantri Sun,5, 6 and Lithos can respond effectively in a rapid and systematic manner to any of the technical or natural calamities related incidents in order to:

Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control

Minimize damage to property and environment

Effective rescue and treatment of casualties

Safe guard personnel in the premises & in the neighborhood

Provide information to relatives

Provide appropriate information to news / media

Secure safe rehabilitation of affected areas

Preserve relevant records and equipment for subsequent inquiry in to the cause and circumstances of emergency.

7.1.9.1 Need for Disaster Management Plan

In view of the hazards associated with HRB, it is Obligatory as per NBC CODE to develop our own on-site emergency plan. Such plan will ensure establishment of a system, which would make optimum use of our available resources for speedy control of the disaster protecting the health and safety of the people, nearby residences and workers as well as minimizing damage to property and environment. There are many agencies involved in the activities associated with disaster situation e.g. Civil Administration, Fire Services, Medical, Police, Voluntary organizations etc., which call for an organized multi-disciplinary approach to the problem.



7.1.9.2 Terminologies Related To DMP

Accident Site

The location of an unexpected occurrence, failure or loss, resulting in a release of hazardous

Incidence on the site

Contingency Plan

It is a document to identify and catalogue the elements required for responding to an emergency, to define responsibilities and specific tasks and to serve as a response guide.

Evacuation

Removal of local population, staff and other persons from the affected area to safe location

Mock Drill

A planned activity to test emergency response

Hazard

Any situation that has the potential for causing damage to life, property and / or the environment

Hazardous chemicals

A chemical, which is explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive reactive or radioactive and requires special care in handling because of its hazardous nature

Hazard Identification

Identifies the hazards associated with the hazardous incidence and various operations carried out at the facility

On-Site Emergency

An Accident, which takes place within the premises and its effects are confined to the boundary of the premises involving only the employees/people, resident in the facility.

Response

The efforts to minimize the severity of an accident by protecting the people, environment, or property and efforts to return the site to normal pre-emergency conditions.

Hazard Analysis

Identification of undesired events that could occur in the facility; and estimate the nature, characteristics and magnitude of the possible loss/damage to life and property.

Site / Facility

The locations, where various types of operation are carried.

Vulnerable Zone

It is an estimated geographical area that may be affected by the fire/explosion that could cause irreversible acute health effects or death to human population.



7.1.9.3 Different Phases of Disaster

Warning Phase

Many disasters are proceeded by warning signals like gas leaks developing in to vapour cloud, weather forecast giving advance warning of meteorological disasters, uncontrolled chemical reactions ending up in explosion etc. warning phase provides a cushion to put into action the remedial measures to counter the disaster.

Period of impact

This is the period when the disaster strikes and very little can be done to minimize its impact. This period can last for a few seconds (as in case of explosion) to many days (natural calamities etc.).

Rescue Phase

The rescue phase starts immediately after the impact and continues until necessary measures are taken to rush help to combat the situation and to evaluate people to safer phases.

Relief Phase

During this phase relief measures are organized internally. External help can also be summoned to augment the internal resources.

Rehabilitation Phase

This is the final and largest phase. During this period, estimating the damages, payments of compensations, rebuilding the damaged property etc. are done. Inter disciplinary effort, total coordination for this assistance from statutory bodies and experts can be availed.

7.1.9.4 Policy

The Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) policies are to be made accessible to all at site and to other stakeholders. The policies must be framed considering legislative compliance, stakeholder involvement, continual improvement, and management by objectives.

This information gives an indication of how likely or unlikely it is for the site to face actual emergencies and what should be further done to prevent them from occurring.

Establishment of an ongoing training and evaluation programme, incorporating the development of capabilities amongst occupier about potential emergencies and ways and means of identifying and averting the same. Most emergencies do not occur without some incident or an abnormal situation. So there is always sometime of few seconds to few minutes to arrest an incident of abnormal situation from turning in to an emergency.

This is the role of the shift in-charge who is the incident controller (IC) along with his shift team.

7.1.9.5 Emergency Scenario

Likely threats to facility at Mantri Lithos, Sun 5 & 6 project:

Onsite / Offsite Emergency Scenarios

Emergency Scenarios Threats



Medical Serious injury / Fatality or illness Heart Attack Operational Fire & Explosion Structural Failure Pipeline leak or rupture Sabotage Natural Disasters Flood Cyclone Earthquake Environmental Chemical / Oil Spill Gas Release Atmospheric emissions Security Bomb Threat Sabotage Kidnap and Ransom

7.1.9.6 Alert Level of Disaster Management Response

Level 1: Response is site-specific involving site personnel of the operation or administration sections – where the assumption is that the situation is controllable with the help of resources available at site.

Level 2: Response is activated when the site In-Charge after assessment and initial action concludes that the situation requires escalation of response to Mantri Lithos, Sun 5 & 6 Project incident controller due to severity, lack of resources or adverse business implications e.g. attention of local population, media etc.

Level 3: Response is activated to Disaster Managements Team (DMT) when the incident controller after implementation and assessment of second alert procedures concludes that the local resources are not capable to cope-up with an emergency situation. There are adverse business implications and media, local population is getting concerned about the situation, and the situation is drawing more and more adverse attention.

7.1.9.7 Disaster Management Team

The organo-gram should be drawn by appointing key personnel and defining their specific duties which will be handy in an emergency. The number of coordinators at a location would depend on the man power available in that specific location. However, three coordinators as detailed below will serve the purpose in general.

The team should comprise of the following key personal:

Main incident controller Administration & Communication coordinator Safety coordinator

Main Incident Controller For On-site emergency preparedness Plan (EPP), the location In-charge shall be the main incident controller to coordinate the execution of the plan during an emergency or a mock drill.



He is responsible for preparation/updation of the plan, getting approval from the district authorities/Fire office; and its implementation in the hour of need. His duties are-

Assess the magnitude of the situation and declare state of emergency. Active EPP and ensure its implementation.

Mobilize the main coordinators/ key personnel and exercise direct operational control of areas, other than those affected.

Declare danger zones and active emergency control center.

Ensure calling in mutual aid members and district emergency agencies like fire brigade, police and medical authorities.

Maintain a speculative continuous review of possible developments and assess these to determine most probable course of events and appropriate response.

Inform police, statutory authorities, district authorities about the magnitude of the emergency causalities and rescue operations.

Ensure causalities are receiving required attention and their relatives are informed.

Ensure accounting of personnel.

Issue authorized statements to press, radio, TV etc. regarding the emergency and its possible impact on the surroundings.

Authorize procurement of emergency material.

Log important developments in chronological order and preserve material evidence for investigation. Direct isolation of power supply, plant shut down, and evacuation of personnel inside the premises as deemed necessary.

Advise police, district authorities regarding evacuation of public in the near vicinity/vulnerable zone. Ensure raising the siren in EMERGENCY mode till All Clear Signal.

When effects are likely to be felt outside, get in touch with District Authorities, who will take over the management and declare “Off-Site Emergency”.

Control rehabilitation of affected areas on cessation of emergency

Administration and Communication Coordinator:

Liaise with Chief and other co-coordinators.

Inform and co-ordinate with External agencies and Mutual aid members for agreed assistance. Direct them on arrival to the respective co-coordinators.

In case communication means fail, send messengers to Mutual aid members/Emergency department.

Co-ordinate with Police in controlling the traffic and mob outside the premises.

Activate the medical centre and mobilize medical team. Arrange ambulance and transfer causalities to hospitals. Also co-ordinate with police in case of fatalities.



Arrange for head count at the assembly points.

Arrange procurement of spares for fire fighting and additional medical drugs/appliances.

Mobilize Transport as and when required by various co-ordinators.

Monitor entry/exit of personnel in the premises. Permit only authorized personnel/vehicles inside the premises.

Control and disperse crowd from the emergency site. Regulate traffic inside the location.

Arrange food, beverages and drinking water for all those involved in execution of ERP in case the emergency prolongs.

Communicate with relatives of persons injured/involved in fire fighting activities.

Arrange evacuation of premises as directed by Main incident controller.

Co-ordinate with civil authorities for evacuating public from the danger zone and arrange for refreshments at the evacuation center.

Safety Co-ordinator

Ensure safe stoppage of the Operations; switching off main instruments, isolation of affected area.

Demarcate Danger and Safe zones by putting RED and GREEN flags.

Mobilize the Fire fighting crew and direct the Fire Fighting operation.

Effectively deploy manpower, both internal and external.

Direct & utilize the Fire Brigade personnel.

Arrange the replacement of various Fire Fighting squads with the Mutual and External aid members on need basis.

Ensure/maintain sufficient pressure in the Hydrant mains.

Assess water level in the storage tank/reservoir and plan replenishment.

Monitor the requirements of Fire equipment and co-ordinate for procurement of spares.

Arrange for flood lighting of the affected areas and dewatering of the Fire fighting area, if required.

Arrange to remove and park the tank Lorries (Bulk & Packed) to a safer place, as necessary.

7.1.10 Identification of, and Communication with, Relevant Stakeholders This includes identifying, communicating and developing working relations with relevant offsite agencies that have an interest (either due to regulatory requirements or otherwise) in the continued safe operations/movement of the site.

Relevant stakeholders with regards to the maintenance of The Mantri Sun 5, 6 and Lithos emergency response at the district level:

District Collector



District Energy Officer

Chief Fire Officer

District Information Officer

Controller of Explosives

Chief, Civil Defense

Deputy Superintendent of Police

District Health Officer/Chief Medical Officer

Commissioner, Municipal Corporations

Representative of the Department of Public Health Engineering

Experts HSE

Commissioner (Transport)

The following persons may be considered as relevant stakeholders at the local level:

Sub-divisional Magistrate

Fire Officer

Station House Officer (Police)

Block Development Officer

One Representative of Civil Defense

Primary Health Officer

Editor of local News paper

Community leader

Non-Government Organization representatives

Eminent Doctors in the Local area

The above groups of persons, between themselves, respectively form the District Level Crisis Group and Local Level Crisis Group for mitigation, it is suggested that Expanded Incorporation consider opening a dialogue with them and soliciting their assistance in management of onsite and offsite emergencies associated with its activities. These may be considered as inputs to other planning activities.

7.1.10.1 Safety Instructions to be followed at the time of fire:

Do’s

Any person noticing a fire, explosion or the release of hazardous/toxic substance shall immediately shout "GAS LEAK", "FIRE", or "HELP", break the glass of nearest manual call point, or inform fire control room

He shall inform respective Shift-in-charge / Control room immediately



He shall isolate affected section to minimize spread of emergency

He shall also try to extinguish the fire with the help of a suitable fire extinguisher available nearby and fire water monitors, if he is train in to firefighting.

After receiving the information from the field, the shift in charge shall rush to the incident site with necessary protection to assess the situation and take immediate action to control the situation

Other people will evacuate in a speedy but orderly manner, assemble at safe assembly point and report to your HSE coordinator

Don’ts

Panic

Re-enter in the affected building

7.1.10.2 Infrastructure

Emergency Control Room

The emergency control room shall be set up at a safe location and marked on the site plan and should be manned round the clock. The control room will be activated in case of an emergency to direct and co-ordinate the operations to handle the emergency. It should be furnished with external and internal telephone connections etc.; list of essential telephone numbers; list of key personnel and their address; firefighting system and site plan. Depending upon site requirements, additional control room should be considered.

Assembly Points

There should be pre-designated areas where the personnel like occupier, visitors. not involved in emergency operations (as per Emergency Preparedness Plan) shall assemble in case of an emergency. Depending on the location of the emergency, the assembly point can vary. For each potential hazardous zone, specific assembly point(s) shall be identified and marked on the zones/maps. During emergency, Pre-designated persons would take charge of this point and take the roll call of the people reporting.

Plan of Coordination

The plan of co-ordination in emergency situations the following producers should be followed:

Liaison with

External authorities – Mutual aid

Other neighboring associates, External agencies, organizations

Mutual Aid: Combating major emergencies might be beyond the capability of individual unit and it is essential to have mutual aid arrangements with neighboring complex. Mutual aid arrangements are to be worked out in plan to facilitate additional help in the event of firefighting or in rescue



operation by way of rendering manpower, medical aid or firefighting equipment etc. To make the emergency plan a success, the following exchange of information is considered essential:

The types of hazards in complex area and firefighting measures

The type of equipment, that would be deployed and procedure for making the replenishment

Written procedure which spell out the communication system for help and how it will be responded. This is also required to get acquainted with operation of different firefighting equipment available at Mutual aid members and compatibility for connecting at users place.

Joint orientation program such as inspection and mock drills for co-owner

Role and Statutory Duties of Outside Agencies: The role of outside agencies as planned in advance is given below:

Role of Police Department

Police control room on receiving the emergency message shall communicate to district, civil and police official on wireless network. On arriving at site they shall help in following manner:

Regulating traffic and provision of alternate traffic

Assisting the medical and evacuation team to work without any hindrance and further help to the medical department in evacuation of casualties

Helping in evacuation of persons and domestic animals in the affected area

Preventing unauthorized entry of personnel into the affected area

Controlling bystanders, identifying the dead and dealing with casualties and informing the relative of dead or injured person

Role of State Fire Service

It is the responsibility of Chief Fire In-charge (work main controller) to call for external help like fire brigade, police and help from “neighboring industries” in case of a probability of a major hazard. The chief fire in-charge will supervise the rescue and firefighting operation, till the arrival of the Chief Fire Officer (CFO) of the area. However, after the arrival of the CFO, the CFO shall take command. Chief fire in-charge shall help him in the firefighting work. Gujarat fire service on advice of Mantri Sun 5, 6 and LithosChief Fire In-Charge shall also contact agencies to render assistance for fighting fire, arranging for rescue, evacuation and medical aid. Keeping the above in view, KARNTAKA fire service shall familiarize themselves with the location of onsite stores of flammable materials, water and other firefighting equipment.

Role of District Authorities

Following action shall be taken by the district authorities:

Awareness program for education of the people nearby, regarding the possibilities of accidents

To nominate the persons to be contacted during disasters for coordinating of various activities

Evacuation of nearby population when required



Arrangement for transportation of victims to hospitals and coordinating with hospitals for admitting the victims

Formation of Emergency Plan Objectives

Specific objectives of the Emergency Response Plan are to be clearly listed with regards to the responses desired for successful management of the possible emergency situations. Suggested Objectives could, initially include:

Formulation of suitable onsite / offsite fire release response

Improved awareness of safety issues amongst site personnel

Training of key persons in cardio-pulmonary resuscitation and other first aid

The objectives suggested currently are generic in nature. However, they will evolve and become more specific as the project develops further. Responsibilities, resources and timeframes require to be allocated for implementing the objectives.

Awareness, Training, and Competence

Awareness

General awareness is to be invoked in all site personnel (including contractor’s employees) with regards to the importance of safety in general and emergency procedures in particular. Awareness can be generated in a number of ways, some of which are:

Awareness of Expanded Incorporation’s Environment, Health and Safety Policies, and the role of each occupier/stakeholder in achieving what is covered under the policies.

Awareness of the importance of carrying out tasks as mentioned in the Standard

Operating Procedures and the potential impacts of not doing so.

The importance of wearing personal protective equipment

Awareness with regards to relevant recommendations issued in this report.

Awareness about relevant portions of the safety instructions covered in equipment manuals used at site.

Training

Specific training requires to be given to key stakeholders Examples of such training include:

Testing of critical equipment and controls

Training in Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation

Use of firefighting equipment

Emergency Evacuation and Rescue (EER) procedures.

Training in use of communication procedures to be followed in case of emergencies.

Training needs identification exercises should be undertaken prior to commencement of operations and the same must cover environment, health and safety issues.



Competence

Competence is a function of training, experience and education. Key persons involved in administering the EP, should be competent. The level of competence can be decided for each key task and a clearly defined competence chart should be prepared.

7.1.11 Emergency Documentation and Document Control Documentation

Emergency documentation consists of:

The Emergency Plan

The Contingency Plan

Related Formats and Records showing compliance with these documents. The EP and CP need to be approved by the project in-charge prior to use. All documents should be easily accessible at site.

Document Control

Documents should be legible

All documents should be protected against damage, deterioration and loss

Changes, if any, should also be approved by the project in-charge

Copies of the approved EP and CP are to be kept with the project in-charge at the project office, as well as at each site, in the Emergency Control Centre, with the site in-charge /Site Main Controller

Obsolete documents should be marked as such, and copies of such documents are to be collected and prevented from being used

7.1.12 Details of Emergency Control Centre The Emergency control center has the following resources available at all times:

On-site emergency plan

Layout plan of the facility

Fire hydrant system layout

Stock of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and location of First aid kits

Stock and locations of firefighting equipment, torches and explosive meters

Escape, Evacuation and Rescue: Safeguarding human lives at site by commencement of the Emergency Evacuation and Rescue Plan. Ensuring that all personnel are accounted for and carrying out a head count of persons evacuated. Notification and commencement of offsite emergency plan in case offsite impacts are possible.

Stopping the development of the emergency: Control or response to the emergency depending upon its nature (fire or explosion).



Treatment of injured: First aid and hospitalization of injured persons.

Protection of environment and property: During mitigation, efforts should be made to prevent impacts on environment and property to the extent possible.

Welfare of the personnel managing the emergency: Changeover, first aid and refreshments for the persons managing the emergency.

Informing and collaborating with statutory, mutual aid and other authorities including those covered in the Local Crisis Group.

Informing and assisting relatives of the victims.

Informing the news and electronic media.

Preserving all evidences and records: This should be done to enable a through investigation of the true causes of the emergency.

Investigation and follow up: This requires to be carried out to establish preventive measures for the future and a review of the EP and CP to fill up the deficiencies in the

emergency planning procedures.

Ensuring safety of personnel prior to restarting of operations: Efforts require to be made to ensure that work environment is safe prior to restarting the work.

Location of assembly points

Location of site in relation to surrounding community

Vulnerable areas

Deployment of emergency vehicle and personnel

Records of previous accidents and area affected

A list of telephone numbers of key and essential staff of the company along with their complete addresses and residential numbers

Copies of the local telephone directories

List of important telephone numbers like neighboring industries, local fire brigade, hospitals, police department, Deputy Director of Industrial Safety & Health

Location of communication equipment The communication equipment and firefighting equipment should be checked periodically to ensure that they are functional. The emergency management control center is capable of being activated within a few minutes upon declaration of an emergency.

7.1.13 Rescue and Relief Operation Plan Action on Site

Making emergency known to key personnel, concerned persons and agencies reporting to Government authorities, local agencies, police and hospitals. Apart from reporting the incident to the district authorities, the following bodies should also be informed namely:



Chief Controller of Explosives. Fire office incharge

Communication Raising the alarm

Personnel seeing the fire will raise the alarm by immediately informing others

After getting informed about fire, personnel shall operate the nearby hand siren or electric siren at gate to give the signal of emergency

Watchman/security at gate shall operate electric siren to communicate emergency to all personnel for action plan

Declaring the major emergency (during working hours)

HSE Manager shall contact other fire station

Karnataka Fire Service on advice of Safety Manager of Mantri Sun 5, 6 and Lithos shall contact outside agencies to render assistance for fighting fire, arranging rescue evacuation and medical aid

Police control room on receiving the message shall communicate to district civil and police official on wireless network

Making the emergency known (beyond normal working hours)

Security Supervisor shall contact fire control room and nearest fire station and also inform HSE Manager.

7.1.14 Evacuation Evacuation efforts in the nearby community areas should be arranged and coordinated by the district authorities in association with the personnel from facility. The procedures for evacuation should be mentioned in the offsite plan. In case the main controller feels that the area is unsafe for the personnel present there, he shall order for evacuation of the area. All concerned people in the area on hearing the announcement for evacuation of the area, shall leave the area immediately and gather at assembly points. The local fire department should also be requested to be present while evacuating the public so that emergency fire situation can be taken care and equipment of fire department can be effectively utilized. The mutual aid partners also to be deployed in the process in terms of transportation, medical aid to evacuate persons etc. to expedite the process fast.

Responsibilities of Key Personnel To control emergency in the most effective manner, it is important that roles and responsibilities are well defined and the command structure are absolutely clear. The key roles exercised during the emergency are those of “Main Incident Controller” (whose function is to take charge of the incident) and of the “Site Main Controller” (whose function would be to take overall charge of rescue, facilitation, media briefs etc.) In addition to that, other individuals would be assigned specific responsibilities. These people would report to “Work Incident Controller” or “Site main controller” during the time of emergency and work under his instructions.

Essential and Non-essential workers



All workers whose names exist in the firefighting organization chart shall be deemed to be essential workers. All of them shall act as per the duties mentioned against their designation. Workers whose names do not appear in the firefighting organization chart shall be deemed to be non-essential workers. These shall evacuate the affected and vulnerable areas and assemble at a safe assembly point.

Informing Public

In a situation where the general public can be affected by the accident, two possible courses of action can be taken - evacuation and sheltering inside buildings and houses. Whichever action is decided upon, the public must be informed about it. This can be quite a challenging task, to the point of becoming nearly impossible if an effective communication procedure is not already in place. Siren system can only be effective if the public is already aware of what actions to take if the alarm is sounded. The content of the messages should be as brief and clear as possible, and provide information on the action to be taken must be in local language. In addition, the public should be asked to refrain from using the telephone (to minimize the potential for exchange overload), and to notify neighbors of the emergency (again, without using the phone). Should evacuation be recommended, the messages should inform the public of where the designated relocation areas are, and which evacuation routes to follow.

The authority to enforce these actions to protect the public is, in general, assigned to local or state officials. However, the emergency response organization should initiate such a course of action, and:

Be ready to advise local officials

Have developed guidelines (based on the hazard analyses) as to when to recommend public evacuation

Any known or anticipated acute or chronic health risks associated with the emergency,

where appropriate should be informed and advised regarding medical attention necessary for exposed individuals

Proper precautions to be taken during evacuation

List of contact person and telephone numbers to be contacted for further information in case of emergency

Weather condition details, including wind direction and speed, and expected off site effects, if any

Emergency classification (Level)

Press Release and Accident Reports

News of the emergency and any resulting injuries or casualties would be released to the press only by the authorized officials listed in the DMP i.e. Communication Coordinator of Mantri Sun 5, 6 and Lithos with the support from the Main Incident Controller.

The person responsible for this function should hold press conferences, and provide accurate information, in order to avoid erroneous statements that could be made, which would have to be retracted later on.



A chronological log of events during the entire period of emergency must be maintained at the Emergency Control Centre (ECC). Tape recorders, Dictaphones, etc. would facilitate record keeping. Normally, the following important data should be recorded during an emergency.

Description of the accident

Personnel injuries

Equipment damages

Response time of various service groups like medical, transport, security, fire &safety, etc.

Actuation of On-Site Emergency Plan & Declaration Regarding Offsite Emergency Plan

Any emergency which starts as a small incident may become a major accident if not controlled in time. At the initial stages, the organization chart shall be put into action. If the incident goes beyond control the on-site emergency plan will be actuated by Main Incident Controller at the appropriate stage as considered necessary. During idle shift/holidays, the security personnel will combat the incident as per the organization chart and at the same time inform various emergency controllers for guidance and control the situation. When emergency becomes catastrophic and evacuation beyond the plant premises is considered necessary by the Main Incident Controller, the situation will be handed over to District Authority for implementing the off-site emergency plan.

The management of emergency henceforth has to be controlled by the district crisis management group from control room under the supervision of the District Collector. For On-site Emergency Plan, DFO is the enforcement authority, who will also enforce directions and procedures in respect of preparation of Off-Site Emergency Plan in consultation with the Mantri Sun 5, 6 and Lithos District Collector. In addition to preparation of on-site emergency plan, furnishing relevant information to the district authorities (Collector) for the preparation of off-site emergency plan is a statutory responsibility of the occupier of every occupier in premises.

Recovery, Facility Re-Entry and Restoration of Services

The recovery and re-entry phase will begin after the declaration of termination of emergency situation by the disaster management team. The recovery plan should be flexible enough to adapt to existing conditions. All of the conditions that may be encountered in an emergency situation cannot be anticipated in advance. Detailed plans and procedures for recovery operations should be prepared at the time they are needed. Re-entry operations should be performed by the Re-entry Team under the leadership of the Technical Coordinator. The team shall consist of personnel knowledgeable in procedures and facility layout. In the Re-entry planning process, the team will gather available information on the methods such as discussions with the operations personnel on-shift. Necessary protective clothing and equipment should be available for the team before re-entry is authorized.

Specific procedures for recovering from an emergency and re-entering the facility can be hardly be provided, since they will have to be determined on a case by case basis, depending on the type of accident and the severity of the damage suffered. However, provision should be made for the following:

Inspecting the damaged area



Declaring the emergency concluded and making the “all clear” known to the facility employees and the community

Deciding which employees should report to work and notify them

Beginning an investigation into the causes of the emergency

Assessing the damage to the facility

Transferring necessary operations to alternative locations

Decontaminating the damaged area

Restoring services in the damaged area

Clearing up the debris & restoration

7.1.15 On-Site Emergency Plan relevance Mock drills activating the Emergency Preparedness Plan should be conducted periodically for ensuring its efficiency during emergency as well as for refinement and updation. Mock drills based on the plan will help to achieve the following

To familiarize emergency response personnel with their roles and duties to be performed

To ensure the efficiency of the emergency response mechanism

To check the co-ordination of reactions and response of emergency services

To gain experience and confidence

The mock drill for an on-site emergency plan shall be carried out once in 2 months as per NBC 2005. These mock drills will enable the unit/location to assess the capability of the individual and performance as a group. The frequent discussions and drills will help in eliminating the confusion/shortcomings if any. The Main incident

controller is responsible for evaluating the effectiveness of the Emergency Preparedness Plan. The evaluation will help to identify the loopholes and to assess the response capability of the location. A regular review of the plan (at least once in a year) be carried out to update the information or to Mantri Sun 5, 6 and Lithos incorporate the results of the mock drills. However, essential information like change in names/addresses/telephone numbers of the persons/members detailed in the Emergency Preparedness Plan shall be updated as and when the change comes to notice.

Mock Drills The consequences due to a major accident hazards may be very serious in nature. Therefore, necessitates of rehearsing the mock drills involving all key members will further enhance better understanding of individual’s role and responsibilities in emergency response besides improving the overall coordinated efforts.

The main objectives of mock drills are:

Familiarising overall plans and roles of key personnel involved in the plan with their equipment,



Familiarising professionals like fire fighters, medical personnel with special tactics and hazards, and enabling them to test their part of the plan

Ensuring efficiency of emergency response mechanisms

Familiarisation to operational personnel on operation control and mitigation measures

Reviewing the total plan, including communications and logistics, so that updating, modifying and training activities can be improved

Emergency Skills Training The objective of training is to provide good understanding of all the facets of HRB including operations, procedures, maintenance and hazards of flammable materials and the risks associated with dealing. Training shall ensure that the jobs are performed in accordance with the laid down procedures and practices. Training shall be imparted to the staff at the time of induction, which is to be followed up by periodic refresher courses. The training program shall inter alia cover following aspects:

HRB (NBC 2005) guidelines

Familiarisation with operational procedures & practices

Commissioning of new facilities and equipment

Hands on experience on operation of equipment

Routine maintenance activities of the facilities

Knowledge of emergency and manual shut down systems

Immediate and effective

Accounting and appraisal safety gears

Safety regulations and accident prevention

Firefighting facilities, methods of firefighting and its upkeep

Evacuation and safe egress of the vehicles

Housekeeping

First aid

Emergency plan/drills

7.1.16 Off-Site Emergency Plan The Off-site Emergency Plan, which is the responsibility of the District Emergency authority, deals with measures to prevent and control emergencies affecting the public and the environment. The District Emergency Authority based on the on-site plans of all the neighboring HRB nearby the Mantri Sun 5, 6 and Lithos to incorporate the results of the mock drills. However, essential information like change in names/addresses/telephone numbers of the persons/members detailed in the Emergency Preparedness Plan shall be updated as and when the change comes to notice.



Mock Drills

The consequences due to a major accident hazards may be very serious in nature. Therefore, necessitates of rehearsing the mock drills involving all key members will further enhance better understanding of individual’s role and responsibilities in emergency response besides improving the overall coordinated efforts.

The main objectives of mock drills are:

Familiarising overall plans and roles of key personnel involved in the plan with their equipment,

Familiarising professionals like fire fighters, medical personnel with special tactics and hazards, and enabling them to test their part of the plan

Ensuring efficiency of emergency response mechanisms

Familiarisation to operational personnel on operation control and mitigation measures

Reviewing the total plan, including communications and logistics, so that updating,

modifying and training activities can be improved

Emergency Skills Training

The objective of training is to provide good understanding of all the facets of terminal activities including operations, procedures, maintenance and hazards of flammable materials and the risks associated with handling of the product. Training shall ensure that the jobs are performed in accordance with the laid down procedures and practices.

Training shall be imparted to the staff at the time of induction, which is to be followed up by periodic refresher courses. The training program shall inter-alia cover following aspects:

HRB essentials

Familiarisation with operational procedures & practices

Commissioning of new facilities and equipment

Hands on experience on operation of equipment

Routine maintenance activities of the facilities

Knowledge of emergency and manual shut down systems

Immediate and effective isolation

Accounting of product

Safety regulations and accident prevention

Firefighting facilities, methods of firefighting and its upkeep

Evacuation and safe egress of the vehicles

Housekeeping

First aid



Emergency plan/drills

In the conclusion in this mega construction Proponent ensure and shall take all care to comply with all inhouse /third party competent agency ,NBC guideline ,fire and safety regulation ,PCB ,district crises group and local administration in the event of all evantualities and emergency of any kind ,be it manmade or natural .

Emergency evacuation plan is enclosed as Annexure – 14

Location of nearest fire station

Nearest Fire Station is located at a distance of 650m in the SE direction and can be reached in 4 minutes drive to the project site. Following figure shows the travel route map from fire station to the project site.

Fig 7.1 Travel map from the project site to the nearest fire station





Fig 7.2 Fire fighing system provided at Mantri Lithos

Fire safety on site



Ambulance on the site Health check up

Safety sign boards on the site First aid room

7.2 Natural Resource Conservation and Reuse Aspects Utilization of roof top harvested rainwater for Mantri lithos (Rain water sump = 300cum and Recharge pits =21 No’s), Mantri Sun 5 & 6 (Rain water sump = 100cum and Recharge pits =19 No’s), during monsoon season will be stored in UG sumps for domestic applications after necessary treatment through sand filters & softener units. With availablilty of 61 cum and 322 cum (50% of storage capacity) rain water i,e total 383cum, Therefore 77.2% of freshwater is saved during rainy season.

By adopting re-use/recycle techniques from the utilization of treated STP wastewater, quantum of freshwater savings achieved in case of flushing is 39.23 %, quantum of freshwater savings achieved in case of greenery development is 22.48%, quantum of freshwater savings achieved in case of Road Wash/Cleaning is 3.2 % , Car washing 4.2% and HVAC is7.5% .

Sludge generated from the STP areas will be reused as manure for greenery development within project site premises.

Total savings in Electrical Power Consumption from the entire project is 17.67% by adopting 10% of common area lighitng on Solar, external lighting, energy efficient pumps and HF ballast, Cu. wound transformer, CFL & VFD for pumps.

Construction debris as estimated of 451 cum will be reused / recycled for backfilling / sub base works for roads, pavements and drains within the project site.

Earthwork excavated is managed through backfilling between foundations on the backside of retaining walls and underground tanks/sumps and also reused for filling up the low lying areas at site. Top soil of 3830cum will be reused for landscaping/ greenbelt development purposes.