HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

1

Chapter 6Chapter 6

THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

Section 1:Section 1: The Age of Invention The Age of Invention

Section 2:Section 2: The Rise of Big Business The Rise of Big Business

Section 3:Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize Labor Strives to Organize

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

2

Objectives:Objectives:How did the development of steel and oil refining How did the development of steel and oil refining

affect U.S. industry?affect U.S. industry?What innovations were made in transportation?What innovations were made in transportation?How did innovations in communications How did innovations in communications

technology change business practices and daily technology change business practices and daily life in the United States?life in the United States?

How did Thomas Edison’s research laboratory How did Thomas Edison’s research laboratory change American life?change American life?

Section 1: The Age of InventionSection 1: The Age of Invention

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

3

Oil refiningOil refiningresulted in the production of kerosene for fuel resulted in the production of kerosene for fuel

and lightand lightallowed the manufacturing of other petroleum allowed the manufacturing of other petroleum

productsproductshelped machinery operatehelped machinery operate

Section 1: The Age of InventionSection 1: The Age of Invention

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

4

Steel refiningSteel refiningprovided a strong, cheap source of building provided a strong, cheap source of building

materialmaterialallowed expansion of the railroad industryallowed expansion of the railroad industryallowed construction of more complex machines allowed construction of more complex machines

and taller buildingsand taller buildings

Section 1: The Age of InventionSection 1: The Age of Invention

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

5

Transportation innovationsTransportation innovationsRailroads promoted western settlement, urban Railroads promoted western settlement, urban

growth, and economic prosperity.growth, and economic prosperity.Automobiles became a substantial industry.Automobiles became a substantial industry.Airplanes introduced new possibilities.Airplanes introduced new possibilities.

Section 1: The Age of InventionSection 1: The Age of Invention

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

6

Communications innovationsCommunications innovationsThe telegraph allowed businesses to place long-The telegraph allowed businesses to place long-

distance orders quickly.distance orders quickly.The telephone brought both businesses and The telephone brought both businesses and

individuals together.individuals together.The typewriter allowed the quick production of The typewriter allowed the quick production of

legible documents.legible documents.

Section 1: The Age of InventionSection 1: The Age of Invention

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

7

Thomas Edison’s research laboratoryThomas Edison’s research laboratorythe light bulbthe light bulbthe phonographthe phonographearly motion-picture cameraearly motion-picture camera

Section 1: The Age of InventionSection 1: The Age of Invention

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

8

Objectives:Objectives:What arguments did business leaders and social critics What arguments did business leaders and social critics

make about the role of government in business?make about the role of government in business?How did business strategies change during the Second How did business strategies change during the Second

Industrial Revolution?Industrial Revolution?How did entrepreneurs take advantage of changes in How did entrepreneurs take advantage of changes in

business organization?business organization?How did new methods of marketing products change How did new methods of marketing products change

American life?American life?

Section 2: The Rise of Big BusinessSection 2: The Rise of Big Business

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

9

Concerning government’s role in businessConcerning government’s role in businessBusiness leaders:Business leaders:

Individuals should be self-reliant.Individuals should be self-reliant.Businesses prosper most without government interference.Businesses prosper most without government interference.Government interference reduces self-reliance.Government interference reduces self-reliance.

Social critics:Social critics:Factory life and poor working conditions harm workers.Factory life and poor working conditions harm workers.All citizens should own all means of production.All citizens should own all means of production.Government assistance would prevent the best businesses Government assistance would prevent the best businesses

from rising to the top.from rising to the top.

Section 2: The Rise of Big BusinessSection 2: The Rise of Big Business

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

10

New business strategiesNew business strategiesincorporationincorporationvertical integrationvertical integrationhorizontal integrationhorizontal integrationtechnological innovationtechnological innovation

Section 2: The Rise of Big BusinessSection 2: The Rise of Big Business

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

11

Entrepreneurs take advantageEntrepreneurs take advantageCarnegie created corporations and used vertical Carnegie created corporations and used vertical

integration to dominate the steel industry.integration to dominate the steel industry.Rockefeller created corporations and used Rockefeller created corporations and used

horizontal integration to dominate the oil industry.horizontal integration to dominate the oil industry.Vanderbilt bought and consolidated many railroad Vanderbilt bought and consolidated many railroad

lines.lines.Westinghouse and Pullman introduced and Westinghouse and Pullman introduced and

controlled new railroad technologies.controlled new railroad technologies.

Section 2: The Rise of Big BusinessSection 2: The Rise of Big Business

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

12

New marketing methodsNew marketing methodsuse of brand names and special packaginguse of brand names and special packagingadvertisingadvertisingdepartment storesdepartment storescatalogscatalogschain storeschain stores

Section 2: The Rise of Big BusinessSection 2: The Rise of Big Business

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

13

Objectives:Objectives:Why did some Americans want trusts to be banned, Why did some Americans want trusts to be banned,

and how did the government respond?and how did the government respond?What types of working conditions did laborers face in What types of working conditions did laborers face in

the new age of rapid industrialization?the new age of rapid industrialization?How did the Knights of Labor attempt to address the How did the Knights of Labor attempt to address the

needs of many workers?needs of many workers?How did businesses react to strikes in the late 1800s, How did businesses react to strikes in the late 1800s,

and how did this affect unions?and how did this affect unions?

Section 3: Labor Strives to OrganizeSection 3: Labor Strives to Organize

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

14

The banning of trustsThe banning of trustsdesired because of belief that without competition, desired because of belief that without competition,

large monopolies would have no reason to large monopolies would have no reason to maintain quality or keep prices lowmaintain quality or keep prices low

not accomplished despite passage of the Sherman not accomplished despite passage of the Sherman Antitrust ActAntitrust Act

Section 3: Labor Strives to OrganizeSection 3: Labor Strives to Organize

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

15

Working conditionsWorking conditionslow paylow paylong hourslong hoursunsafe environmentsunsafe environmentspossibility of racial discriminationpossibility of racial discrimination

Section 3: Labor Strives to OrganizeSection 3: Labor Strives to Organize

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

16

The Knights of LaborThe Knights of Laborincluded both skilled and unskilled workersincluded both skilled and unskilled workersincluded women and, later, African Americans included women and, later, African Americans organized strikes, marches, and demonstrationsorganized strikes, marches, and demonstrationseducated and organized workerseducated and organized workers

Section 3: Labor Strives to OrganizeSection 3: Labor Strives to Organize

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

17

Strikes in the late 1800sStrikes in the late 1800sBusinesses responded with blacklists, yellow-dog Businesses responded with blacklists, yellow-dog

contracts, lockouts, and violence.contracts, lockouts, and violence.Business tactics hurt many unions and caused skilled Business tactics hurt many unions and caused skilled

workers to break away from unskilled ones.workers to break away from unskilled ones.

Section 3: Labor Strives to OrganizeSection 3: Labor Strives to Organize