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Chapter 6Chapter 6The Rise of IslamThe Rise of Islam
GeographyGeography•Lived in the
Arabian Peninsula▫desert lands
lacked rivers and lakes▫nomadic▫moved constantly
to find water and food for their animals
The ArabsThe Arabs•Organized tribes•Sheikh: chosen
leader of a tribe•Farmers and sheep
herders•Lived on rain-fed
and oasis areas
The ArabsThe Arabs•Most were
polytheistic•Traced their
ancestors to Abraham and his son Ishmael, who were believed to have built at Makkah (Mecca) the Kaaba, a house of worship
•Recognized Allah as the supreme god
The Life of MuhammadThe Life of Muhammad•Married rich widow =
Khadija•Was troubled by
growing gap between rich and poor•Went to meditate
and was believed to have received revelations from God through the angel Gabriel
No representation of Muhammad is in any Islamic art
The Life of MuhammadThe Life of Muhammad•Believed that Allah
had already revealed himself through Moses (Judaism) and Jesus (Christianity)
•Final revelations were through Muhammad
Cave of Hira, site of 1st revelation
The Life of MuhammadThe Life of Muhammad•Qur’an - holy book of
Islam•Islam - peace through
submission to the will of Allah
•Contains ethical guidelines and laws to follow
•Islam has only one God, Allah, and Muhammad is God’s prophet
Oldest manuscript 9 c. – only 1/3 survives
The Life of MuhammadThe Life of Muhammad•Tried to convince
people of Mecca but, was persecuted•He and his 30
followers moved to Medina (“city of the prophet”)▫Journey known as
Hijrah
The Life of MuhammadThe Life of Muhammad•Won support from
the Bedouins, of Medina•Formed 1st
community of practicing Muslims•Muslims saw no
separation between political and religious authority
The Life of MuhammadThe Life of Muhammad•Muhammad
becomes political, religious, and military leader•In 630, takes force
of 10,000 soldiers to conquer Mecca (place of persecution)
Muhammad and his companions advancing on Mecca (angels also shown)
The Teachings of MuhammadThe Teachings of Muhammad•Monotheistic•Allah is the all-
powerful Creator•Gives salvation
and hope of an afterlife•Muhammad was
the prophet of Allah
The Five Pillars of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam
Sharia: Code of LawsSharia: Code of Laws•provides believers with
a set of practical laws•applies teachings of
the Quran to daily life•does not separate
religion from politics•The Hadith warns
against imitating God by creating pictures of living things
•Muslims can NOT eat pork, drink alcoholic beverages, gamble or engage in dishonest behavior
Islamic Civilization & CultureIslamic Civilization & CultureSections 3 & 4
Prosperity in the Islamic WorldProsperity in the Islamic World•Prosperity based
on extensive trade by ship and camel▫Camel caravans
went from Morocco (Northwest Africa) to the Caspian Sea
•Items traded: ▫gold, slaves
(Southern Africa)▫ivory (East Africa)▫sandal wood, spices,
textiles (India) ▫silk, porcelain
(China)▫grain (Egypt)▫linens, dates, and
jewels (Iraq)
““The Emerald City”The Emerald City”•Large, magnificent
cities▫Baghdad, Cairo, Damascus, Córdoba
•Palaces & mosques•Public buildings
w/fountains, baths, and marketplaces (bazaars: covered market)
Islamic SocietyIslamic Society•Islam claims that all people are equal in
the eyes of Allah•However, in the Arab Empire, there was
a well-defined class system▫Upper Class: ruling families, wealthy
merchants, and elites▫Lower Class: Peasants and slaves▫Slaves: captives of war from Africa & Asia;
most served as soldiers; women slaves were domestic servants
Islamic SocietyIslamic Society•Women▫Quran granted
spiritual and social equality w/men
▫Women could own and inherit land
▫Still dominated by men Male guardian Secluded at home Kept from social
contacts with men outside their families
Women voting for the 1st time in Iraq (2005)
Islamic SocietyIslamic Society•Parents arranged
marriages •Men could have up to
four wives•Women had a right to
divorce, however, the right was extended only to men
•Women cover much of their body (traditional Arab practice)
ScienceScience•Observatory: scientists
studied and named many stars
•Astrolabe: helped sailors determine their location by observing the position of the stars
•Medicine: Ibn Sina wrote a medical encyclopedia; showed that unsanitary conditions contributed to the spread of contagious diseases
LiteratureLiterature•Muslims believed the Qur’an
was their greatest work of literature
•The Arabian Nights: collection of folktales, fables, and romances▫Story of Aladdin, Sinbad the
Sailor and Ali Baba and the forty thieves (“Open Sesame”) Ali Baba and the 40 Thieves
Art & ArchitectureArt & Architecture•The Great Mosque of
Samarra (Iraq)▫Minaret: tower from
which the crier, muezzin, calls the faithful to prayer 5 times a day
▫Example 90 feet high
DamascusDamascus
“Forest of Trees” – hundreds of columns
Art & ArchitectureArt & Architecture•Arabesques:
repeated Arabic letters, plants, abstract figures, and geometric patterns