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Chapter 6, Section Chapter 6, Section 1 1 Ancient India Ancient India Geography and Early India Geography and Early India

Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

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Page 1: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Chapter 6, Section 1Chapter 6, Section 1Ancient IndiaAncient India

Geography and Early IndiaGeography and Early India

Page 2: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

India- PhysicalIndia- Physical

Page 3: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Indus Valley CivilizationsIndus Valley Civilizations Thrived between 2300-1700 BCThrived between 2300-1700 BC

Page 4: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Indus River TodayIndus River Today

Page 5: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Geography of IndiaGeography of India The geography of India includes high mountains, The geography of India includes high mountains,

great rivers, and heavy seasonal rain.great rivers, and heavy seasonal rain. India is so large that it is referred to as a India is so large that it is referred to as a

subcontinent. A subcontinent. A subcontinentsubcontinent is a large is a large landmass that is smaller than a continent. landmass that is smaller than a continent. Subcontinents are usually separated from the rest Subcontinents are usually separated from the rest of their continents by physical features. India is of their continents by physical features. India is largely separated from Asia by the Himalayan largely separated from Asia by the Himalayan Mountains in the north and the Hindu Kush Mountains in the north and the Hindu Kush Mountains in the west.Mountains in the west.

West of the Himalayas is a vast desert.West of the Himalayas is a vast desert. The rest of India is covered by fertile plains and The rest of India is covered by fertile plains and

rugged plateaus.rugged plateaus.

Page 6: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Geography of India (cont.)Geography of India (cont.)

The Indus Valley was the location of The Indus Valley was the location of India’s first civilization.India’s first civilization.

The Indus Valley is west of India in The Indus Valley is west of India in present-day Pakistan.present-day Pakistan.

When heavy snows in the Himalayas When heavy snows in the Himalayas melted, the Indus River flooded. Like melted, the Indus River flooded. Like Mesopotamia and Egypt the flooding Mesopotamia and Egypt the flooding left a layer of fertile silt. The silt left a layer of fertile silt. The silt created ideal farmland for early created ideal farmland for early settlers.settlers.

Page 7: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

ClimateClimate

In summer some parts of India In summer some parts of India receive as much as 100-200 inches receive as much as 100-200 inches of rain.of rain.

The climate of India is mostly hot and The climate of India is mostly hot and humid. India’s monsoons (seasonal humid. India’s monsoons (seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons) influence India’s climate.seasons) influence India’s climate.

In winter, the winds that blow down In winter, the winds that blow down the mountains force moisture out of the mountains force moisture out of India to create warm, dry winters.India to create warm, dry winters.

Page 8: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Harappan CivilizationHarappan Civilization

Historians called the civilization that Historians called the civilization that grew up in the Indus Valley the grew up in the Indus Valley the Harappan civilization.Harappan civilization.

Like other civilizations, towns and Like other civilizations, towns and cities grew once food surpluses cities grew once food surpluses resulted from progress in irrigation resulted from progress in irrigation and agriculture.and agriculture.

Page 9: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Mohenjo-daro CivilizationMohenjo-daro Civilization

Page 10: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Harappan CivilizationHarappan Civilization

Dancing girl statue and child’s toy Dancing girl statue and child’s toy found at excavation. found at excavation.

Page 11: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Well and CourtyardWell and Courtyard

Page 12: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Harappan Priest KingHarappan Priest King

Page 13: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

India’s First CitiesIndia’s First Cities The Harappan civilization is believed to have The Harappan civilization is believed to have

thrived between 2300 and 1700 BC.thrived between 2300 and 1700 BC. The Harappan civilization consists of two large, The Harappan civilization consists of two large,

and similar cities, Harappa and Mohenjo Daro. and similar cities, Harappa and Mohenjo Daro. Both cities lay on the Indus River 300 miles apart.Both cities lay on the Indus River 300 miles apart.

What are some characteristics of the cities of What are some characteristics of the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro?Harappa and Mohenjo Daro?

1. well planned1. well planned 2. protected by fortresses2. protected by fortresses 3. brick streets that crossed at right angles3. brick streets that crossed at right angles 4. storehouses4. storehouses 5. workshops, market stalls, and houses5. workshops, market stalls, and houses 6. public wells6. public wells

Page 14: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Mohenjo-daro TodayMohenjo-daro Today

Page 15: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Harappan AchievementsHarappan Achievements What were the achievements of Harappan What were the achievements of Harappan

society?society? 1. houses with bathrooms1. houses with bathrooms 2. pottery, jewelry, ivory objects, cotton 2. pottery, jewelry, ivory objects, cotton

clothing clothing 3. high-quality tools3. high-quality tools 4. system of weights and measures4. system of weights and measures 5. India’s first writing system5. India’s first writing system 6. believed to have a strong central 6. believed to have a strong central

governmentgovernment Harappan civilization ended around 1700 Harappan civilization ended around 1700

BC. BC.

Page 16: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Ancient Harappan Civilization Ancient Harappan Civilization

Ancient Bath and LatrineAncient Bath and Latrine

Page 17: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Ferry BoatFerry Boat

Today’s boats are very similar to Today’s boats are very similar to ancient ones.ancient ones.

Page 18: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

GranaryGranary

Page 19: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Ancient Harappan BeadsAncient Harappan Beads

Page 20: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Aryan InvasionAryan InvasionGovernments and SocietyGovernments and Society

A new group of people called the Aryans took A new group of people called the Aryans took power in the Indus Valley.power in the Indus Valley.

The Aryans were invaders from Central Asia. It is The Aryans were invaders from Central Asia. It is possible they caused the end of the Harappan possible they caused the end of the Harappan civilization.civilization.

How were the Aryans different from the How were the Aryans different from the Harappans?Harappans?

1. the Aryans were nomadic and more warlike 1. the Aryans were nomadic and more warlike (used advanced weapons and chariots)(used advanced weapons and chariots)

2. didn’t farm at first, didn’t build cities2. didn’t farm at first, didn’t build cities 3. no single ruling authority-society was based 3. no single ruling authority-society was based

on family ties. Each group had its own leaderon family ties. Each group had its own leader 4. no written language4. no written language 5. village leaders were called rajas5. village leaders were called rajas

Page 21: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Aryan ReligionAryan Religion

Aryan priests wrote the Vedas.Aryan priests wrote the Vedas. What were the Vedas?What were the Vedas?

They were a collections of poems,They were a collections of poems,

hymns, myths, and rituals written by hymns, myths, and rituals written by

Aryan priests. Aryan priests.

Page 22: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

Aryan LanguageAryan Language

Because the Aryans did not have a Because the Aryans did not have a written language at first, they had to written language at first, they had to memorize the poems and hymns.memorize the poems and hymns.

The first Aryan language was The first Aryan language was SanskritSanskrit, , the most important language of ancient the most important language of ancient India.India.

Sanskrit started as a spoken language. Sanskrit started as a spoken language. Eventually people figured out how to Eventually people figured out how to write it down so they could keep records.write it down so they could keep records.

Page 23: Chapter 6, Section 1 Ancient India Geography and Early India

SummarySummary

The earliest civilizations in India The earliest civilizations in India grew in the Indus Valley. At first the grew in the Indus Valley. At first the Harappans and then the Aryans lived Harappans and then the Aryans lived in this fertile valley.in this fertile valley.