Chapter 6: Passive Fil ول

ه

جفعل م

• Up until now, the fils we have learnt are all active (معلوم).

• All the rules for فعل we learnt will apply to passive fils too.

• Passive fils comes in both ماض and مضارع

6.1 Transitive & Intransitive

• A transitive verb (ي

دع

ت

that فعل is a (م

needs a مفعول 9ه eg. I hit a ball

• Intransitive verb (م doesn’t need a (لاز; to complete its meaning مفعول 9هeg. I sleep

Eg ب

ه

to go vs ذب

ه

ذA to make s/t go away ا

Patterns specific to intransitive (لازم) • pattern of

لع

ف

C

ل

ع

فeg

ن

س

حC

ن

س

to be good ح

• pattern of عل

ف

ن ي

ل

ع

ف

ان

eg لق

ط

ن ي

ق

N

ل

ط to set out ان

• pattern of ل

ع

ف

C

ل

ع

افeg

مر

حC

ر

م

to be red اح

Patterns for Intransitive

Intransitive verbs can become transitive by: • Adding Aا in front eg له

ه

Aى ا

N

ل Vا

به

ذ

م

.And then he went to his people [75:33] ث

vs ن

ز

ح

[

ا الن ع

ب

ه

ذAذي ا

^

ه ال

^

لل

دم

ح

[

Praise to Allah, who has removed from us ال[all] sorrow [35:34].

• Doubling the second root letter eg

_ن ر;

نذم

[

ال

احa

ص

اء

س

ف

مته

اح

س

d

ل

ز

ا ن

ذ Vا

But when it descends in their ف

territory, then evil is the morning of those who were warned. [37:177].

vs ق

ح

[

ال9

اب

fت

[

ال

كh

N

ل ع

ل

ز

.He has sent down upon you the Book in truth [3:3] ن

• Adding حرف الجر eg

هم ور;ن ب

ه

^

الل

به

Allah took away their light [2:17] ذ

تعدCة الفعل اللازم

6.2 Active vs Passive• An active verb is a فعل that has a known doer (معلوم) eg. Khalid taught or He taught

• A passive verb is a فعل that has an unknown doer (مجهول) eg. he was taught - pronoun in a passive fil is not a doer/فاعل but the object/done to (اعل

الف

ائب

.(ن

• A فعل مجهول can have outside نائب الفاعل - same rules as فاعل to a فعل معلوم

• Only transitive verbs can be made فعل مجهول

6.3 Making the فعل ماض مجهول

• U-U-U-E sound • sukoon remains unchanged جر

جر to استا استا

• no change to last letter & anything after it

نصروا نصرا نصر

نصرن نصرتا نصرت

نصرتم نصرتما نصرتنصرتن نصرتما نصرت

نصرنا نصرت

6.4 Making the فعل مضارع مجهول

• U-A-A-A sound • sukoon remains unchanged فنصر to فنصر

• no change to last letter & anything after it

ينصرون ينصران ينصر

ينصرن تنصران تنصر

تنصرون تنصران تنصر

تنصرن تنصران Aن Bتنصر

ننصر نصر Cا

Complete Exercise 31

35Exercise 31: Part 1: Are these fils transitive or intransitive?

Part 2: Indicate the tense, active/passive & inside pronoun of the fil below

م

9

لhe taught ع

رج

اتhe hired اس

خذ

9تhe takes ف

ب9ذ

he ك

rejected

ر!مدhe destroys ي ر

جفit burst اغ

forth

هر

he forced أك قدhe spoke ص

the truth

ر فhe ك

disbelieved

عب9he followed اي

وب

تhe repents ف

ودعhe returns ف

دعto be distant ن

م

9

لعتhe learns ف

Ô

to be ح

present

معhe fed أط

تKوحمل

ون

يTعث

وت

واست

رون

ف

RÖg

اعف

gض سقطون

نت

ف

ت ل Vز

ن ñا

لق

خ √ ص

ن

Aت V

Iƒ حت

ف

ت

ف

شRÖg ج V©

gخ

H I∆

وق

ون

;ل2æسا

36Part 3: Indicate the tense, active/passive & doer/object of the fil below

Fil Tense Act/Pas

Doer/Object

Fil Tense Act/Pas Doer/Object

Why use مجهول?• The doer is well-known eg ا s

عhف

ضان

uس V

vا لق

خ

and mankind was created weak 4:28 و

• Hide doer to preserve identity out of fear or respect eg ا s

د

ش

ر

م

هzــ

ر

م

ه

ب

اد

ر

A ا

م

A ا

;ض

ر

|

ن في ا{م

9

_د ر;

r ا

ر

ش

Aي ا ر;

د

ن

v انAا

And we do not know whether evil is و

intended for those on earth or whether their Lord intends for them a right course. 72:10 • Don’t know the doer eg

ال|

و

سئل

A question was asked س

• Focus on the object eg

تلق

خ

ف

h

N

ك

ل9 V

vى ا

N

ل Vا ون

ر

Üنظ

ي

à

فA Then do they not look at the camels - how they are created?. 88:17 ا

• Emphasize فعل without limiting the doer eg

ونم

ح

ر

ت

م

Üâ

^

لع

N

وا لنصت

Aا

وه

N

وا لمع

ت

اس

فآن

ر

ق

[

الئ

;ر

ا ق

ذ Vا

So when the Qur'an is recited, then listen وcarefully to it and quietly listen that you may receive mercy. 7:204

• To be concise, brief eg ه

م 9

تب

وق

ا ع

م

ل

مث

وا 9

اقب

ع

ف

متب

اق ع

ن Vا

And if you punish (your enemy, O believers), then punish و

them with the like of that with which you were afflicted. 16:126

Iraab – Grammatical Analysisحرة ساجدين قي الس

وألAnd the magicians were thrown into prostration.

حرف عاطفة وفعل ماض للمجهول مبني على الفتح وألقينائب الفاعل مرفëع 9الضمة السحرة

حال منصوب 9الhاء نhا9ة عن الفتحة لأنه جمع مذكر سالم ساجدين

Complete Exercise 32

37Exercise 32: Do the irab of the following ayat.

مور.1« Oرجع ا

ت

dúا

K´ Fوا And to Allah [all] matters are returned [2:210]

هم.2 «Aــ;ل ق

ت

K وجل dúر اà

ا ذ

ذ Fا when Allah is mentioned, their hearts become fearful

[8:2]

ا.3ygمان Fهم ا

تاد

ز

ه

يهم آgات

K عل

ل&ت

ا ت

ذ Fوا and when His verses are recited to

them, it increases them in faith; [8:2]

اب.4Öت

R And the record [of deeds] will be placed [open] [18:49] ووضع ال

د.5

~TRH ال

Ia ها;لق مث

Kل

م gخ

K The likes of it had not been created in the land [89:8] ل

6. VارH الن

Ia همب وجوه

dلق

their faces will be turned about in the Fire [33:66] ت

ها.7Kزال

Rل Vرض ز

N Oت ا

Kل Vز

Rل

ا زذ Fا When the earth is shaken with its [final] earthquake

سوء عمله.8ه

Kن ل w

the evil of his action was beautified for him. [47:14] ز

Check Your FilIf the word is

a فعل …

فعل مضارع ؟

معلوم أو مجهول ؟ مرفëع أو منصوب

أو مجزوم ؟

فعل ماض ؟

معلوم أو مجهول ؟