Chapter 6. magma- melted rock below Earth’s surface; called lava at the surface

Chapter 6

magma- melted rock below Earth’s surface; called lava at the surface

Core- Earth’s innermost structure

two views of the same thing

mantle- the thick layer of Earth’s structure just below the crust

lithosphere-the shell formed from Earth’s solid upper mantle and

crust

crust- the thin, rocky outer layer of Earth

Although it looks thin compared to the other layers, there are plenty of things happening at the crust.

plate tectonics- the theory that giant plates of Earth’s crust and upper mantle are moving slowly

across Earth’s surfacecontinental drift

many animations

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/anim1.html

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/anim1.html

http://www.scotese.com/newpage13.htm

http://www.scotese.com/newpage13.htm

fault- a crack in the Earth’s crust where movement takes place

There are major fault lines at the boundaries of continental plates. The plates don’t always move in the same direction.

There are also faults in the U.S.

earthquake- a violent shaking of Earth’s crust as built-up energy is

released

focus- the point inside Earth where an earthquake begins

epicenter- the point on Earth’s surface directly over the focus of

an earthquake

seismic waves- waves of energy sent through Earth when parts of

the crust move suddenly during an earthquake

Here’s a link to a model that shows how waves can move. Go to the mighty wave maker.

http://aspire.cosmic-ray.org/labs/seismic/index.htm

When the Earth’s plates move but not in a sudden movement

(earthquake), mountains can form.Here’s a link to explain it a bit

further.

http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/mountains/types.htm

dome mountain- one that forms when magma pushes up on Earth’s crust but does not break through

fault-block mountains- ones formed along fault lines where

blocks of rock fall, are thrust up, or slide

fold mountains- ones that form where two plates collide and force

layers of rock into folds

notice the curvy shapes of rock layers

fossil- the physical remains or traces of a plant or animal that

lived long ago

Quiz Time!core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,

epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain, focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere, magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic

wavesWhich word means where two plates collide

and force layers into folds?

fold mountain



wavesWhich word means the physical remains of

something that lived long ago?

fossil



wavesWhich word means ones that form along fault

lines, having blocks that fall, are thrust up, or slide?

fault-block mountains



wavesWhich word means a violent shaking of

Earth’s crust?

earthquake



wavesWhich word means the thick layer just

below the crust?

mantle



wavesWhich word means ones that form when magma

pushes up but does not break through?

dome mountain



wavesWhich word means the point inside the

Earth where the earthquake begins?

focus



wavesWhich word means melted rock below the

Earth’s surface (called lava on top)?

magma



wavesWhich word means the point on the surface

directly over the focus of an earthquake?

epicenter



wavesWhich word means the shell formed from

the solid upper mantle and crust?

lithosphere



wavesWhich word means a crack in the Earth’s

crust where movement takes place?

fault



wavesWhich word means Earth’s innermost

structure?

core



wavesWhich word means energy sent through

Earth when earthquakes happen?

seismic waves



wavesWhich word means the thin, rocky outer

layer of Earth?

crust



wavesWhich word means the theory that plates of the

Earth’s crust are moving along its surface?

plate tectonics

Here’s an explanation of the Earth to it’s core.

http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/lessons/Earths_layers/Earths_layers2.html

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Chapter 6. magma- melted rock below Earth’s surface; called lava at the surface