14
Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions Chapter 6 Exercise 6.1 1 Q. 1. 5a + 10 = 5(a + 2) Q. 2. x 2 + 4x = x(x + 4) Q. 3. y 2 7y = y(y 7) Q. 4. xy 5y = y(x 5) Q. 5. x 2 3x = x(x 3) Q. 6. 2pq + 4p = 2p(q 2) OR 2p(q + 2) Q. 7. 4xy 2y = 2y(2x 1) Q. 8. 3ab 12bd = 3b(a 4d) Q. 9. x 4x 2 = x(1 4x) Q. 10. 21ab 2 + 14ab = 7ab(3b + 2) Q. 11. 9xy 2 xy = xy(9y + 1) Q. 12. 6p 12p 2 q = 6p(1 2pq) Q. 13. 8ab + 10b 2 a = 2ab(4 5b) OR 2ab(4 + 5b) Q. 14. 2x 3 + 6x 2 2x = 2x(x 2 + 3x 1) Q. 15. a 2 b + ab 2 3bc = b(a 2 + ab 3c) Q. 16. 20x 2 y 2 z + 5x 3 y + 10x 2 y 2 = 5x 2 y (4yz x 2y) OR 5x 2 y(4yz + x + 2y) Q. 17. (x + 1)(y 5) + (2x 1)(y + 1) = xy 5x + y 5 + 2xy + 2x y 1 = 3xy 3x 6 = 3(xy x 2) Exercise 6.2 Q. 1. ad + ac + bd + bc = a(d + c) + b(d + c) = (a + b)(d + c) Q. 2. ap + aq + bp + bq = a(p + q) + b(p + q) = (a + b)(p + q) Q. 3. xy 4x + 3y 12 = x(y 4) + 3(y 4) = (x + 3)(y 4) Q. 4. ab + 4a 2b 8 = a(b + 4) 2(b + 4) = (a 2)(b + 4) Q. 5. rw + 2w 3r 6 = w(r + 2) 3(r + 2) = (w 3)(r + 2) Q. 6. ax + 2bx + ay + 2by = x(a + 2b) + y(a + 2b) = (x + y)(a + 2b) Q. 7. 2qr rs 10pq + 5ps = r(2q s) 5p(2q s) = (r 5p)(2q s) Q. 8. 6ad 3ae + 2bd be = 3a(2d e) + b(2d e) = (3a + b)(2d e) Q. 9. 6x 2 2xz 3xy + yz = 2x(3x z) y(3x z) = (2x y)(3x z)

Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

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Page 1: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Chapter 6 Exercise 6.1

1

Q. 1. 5a + 10

= 5(a + 2)

Q. 2. x2 + 4x

= x(x + 4)

Q. 3. y2 − 7y

= y(y − 7)

Q. 4. xy − 5y

= y(x − 5)

Q. 5. x2 − 3x

= x(x − 3)

Q. 6. −2pq + 4p

= −2p(q − 2) OR 2p(−q + 2)

Q. 7. 4xy − 2y

= 2y(2x − 1)

Q. 8. 3ab − 12bd

= 3b(a − 4d)

Q. 9. x − 4x2

= x(1 − 4x)

Q. 10. 21ab2 + 14ab

= 7ab(3b + 2)

Q. 11. −9xy2 − xy

= −xy(9y + 1)

Q. 12. 6p −12p2q

= 6p(1 − 2pq)

Q. 13. −8ab + 10b2a

= −2ab(4 − 5b) OR 2ab(−4 + 5b)

Q. 14. 2x3 + 6x2 − 2x

= 2x(x2 + 3x − 1)

Q. 15. a2b + ab2 − 3bc

= b(a2 + ab − 3c)

Q. 16. −20x2y2z + 5x3y + 10x2y2

= −5x2 y (4yz − x − 2y) OR 5x2y(−4yz + x + 2y)

Q. 17. (x + 1)(y − 5) + (2x − 1)(y + 1)

= xy − 5x + y − 5 + 2xy + 2x − y − 1

= 3xy − 3x − 6

= 3(xy − x − 2)

Exercise 6.2

Q. 1. ad + ac + bd + bc

= a(d + c) + b(d + c)

= (a + b)(d + c)

Q. 2. ap + aq + bp + bq

= a(p + q) + b(p + q)

= (a + b)(p + q)

Q. 3. xy − 4x + 3y − 12

= x(y − 4) + 3(y − 4)

= (x + 3)(y − 4)

Q. 4. ab + 4a − 2b − 8

= a(b + 4) − 2(b + 4)

= (a − 2)(b + 4)

Q. 5. rw + 2w − 3r − 6

= w(r + 2) − 3(r + 2)

= (w − 3)(r + 2)

Q. 6. ax + 2bx + ay + 2by

= x(a + 2b) + y(a + 2b)

= (x + y)(a + 2b)

Q. 7. 2qr − rs − 10pq + 5ps

= r(2q − s) − 5p(2q − s)

= (r − 5p)(2q − s)

Q. 8. 6ad − 3ae + 2bd − be

= 3a(2d − e) + b(2d − e)

= (3a + b)(2d − e)

Q. 9. 6x2 − 2xz − 3xy + yz

= 2x(3x − z) − y(3x − z)

= (2x − y)(3x − z)

Page 2: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

2 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Q. 10. 40ac − 12a2 − 70bc + 21ab

= 4a(10c − 3a) − 7b(10c − 3a)

= (4a − 7b)(10c − 3a)

Q. 11. pm + np + nq + mq

= pm + np + mq + nq

= p(m + n) + q(m + n)

= (p + q)(m + n)

Q. 12. 3a + xb + 3b + xa

= 3a + 3b + xa + xb

= 3(a + b) + x(a + b)

= (3 + x)(a + b)

Q. 13. ac + bc – ad – bd

= c(a + b) − d(a + b)

= (c − d)(a + b)

Q. 14. mx + 24by − 2my − 12bx

= mx − 2my − 12bx + 24by

= m(x − 2y) − 12b(x − 2y)

= (m − 12b)(x − 2y)

Q. 15. 2x2 − 10ay − 5xy + 4ax

= 2x2 + 4ax − 5xy − 10ay

= 2x(x + 2a) − 5y(x + 2a)

= (2x − 5y)(x + 2a)

Q. 16. x2 − 2y − 2x + xy

= x2 − 2x + xy − 2y

= x(x − 2) + y(x − 2)

= (x + y)(x − 2)

Q. 17. 3a2 − ab + 9ac – 3bc

= a(3a − b) + 3c(3a − b)

= (a + 3c)(3a − b)

Q. 18. 10xy + z + 2yz + 5x

= 10xy + 2yz + 5x + z

= 2y(5x + z) + 1(5x + z)

= (2y + 1)(5x + z)

Q. 19. 3p2 + 2q − 6pq − p

= 3p2 − 6pq − p + 2q

= 3p(p − 2q) − 1(p − 2q)

= (3p − 1)(p − 2q)

Q. 20. ab + b − 1 − a

= ab + b − a − 1

= b(a + 1) − 1(a + 1)

= (b − 1)(a + 1)

Q. 21. x − y + 2y(y − x) = x − y + 2y2 − 2yx

= x − y − 2y x + 2y2

= 1(x − y) − 2y (x − y)

= (x − y)(1 − 2y)

Q. 22. p(q − r) + r − q

= p(q − r) − q + r

= p(q − r) − 1(q − r)

= (p − 1)(q − r)

Exercise 6.3

Q. 1. Let x2 + 4x + 3 = Area of the larger rectangle

3 3x 3

x x2 x

x 1

Area of the larger rectangle

= (x + 3)(x + 1)

∴ x2 + 4x + 3 = (x + 3)(x + 1)

Q. 2. x2 − 4x − 12

2 2x –12

x x2 –6x

x –6

∴ x2 − 4x − 12 = (x + 2)(x – 6)

Q. 3. x2 + 5x + 4

1 1x 4

x x2 4x

x 4

∴ x2 + 5x + 4 = (x + 1)(x + 4)

Page 3: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

3Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Q. 4. Let x2 + 5x + 6 = Area of the larger rectangle

2 2x 6

x x2 3x

x 3

Area of the larger rectangle

= (x + 2)(x + 3)

∴ x2 + 5x + 6 = (x + 3)(x + 2)

Q. 5. x2 − 3x + 2

–1 –x 2

x x2 –2x

x –2

∴ x2 − 3x + 2 = (x − 1)(x − 2)

Q. 6. x2 − 5x + 4

–1 –x 4

x x2 –4x

x –4

∴ x2 − 5x + 4 = (x − 1)(x − 4)

Q. 7. x2 − 6x + 8

–2 –2x 8

x x2 –4x

x –4

∴ x2 − 6x + 8 = (x − 2)(x − 4)

Q. 8. x2 + 8x + 16

4 4x 16

x x2 4x

x 4

∴ x2 + 8x + 16 = (x + 4)(x + 4)

Q. 9. x2 + x − 12

4 4x –12

x x2 –3x

x –3

∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3)

Q. 10. x2 − 2x − 35

Need to find factors of −35 that add to −2

−7 × 5 = −35 and −7 + 5 = −2

x2 − 2x − 35

= x2 + 5x − 7x − 35

= x(x + 5) − 7(x + 5)

= (x − 7)(x + 5)

Q. 11. x2 + 5x − 14

= x2 − 2x + 7x − 14

= x (x − 2) + 7(x − 2)

= (x + 7)(x − 2)

Q. 12. x2 + 7x + 6

= x2 + x + 6x + 6

= x(x + 1) + 6(x + 1)

= (x + 6)(x + 1)

Q. 13. x2 − 7x − 18

= x2 + 2x − 9x − 18

= x(x + 2) − 9(x + 2)

= (x − 9)(x + 2)

Q. 14. x2 − 11x + 28

= x2 − 4x − 7x + 28

= x(x − 4) − 7(x − 4)

= (x − 7)(x − 4)

Q. 15. x2 + 4x − 21

= x2 − 3x + 7x − 21

= x(x − 3) + 7(x − 3)

= (x + 7)(x − 3)

Q. 16. x2 − 8x + 15

= x2 − 3x − 5x + 15

= x(x − 3) − 5(x − 3)

= (x − 5)(x − 3)

Q. 17. x2 + 2x − 35

= x2 − 5x + 7x − 35

= x(x − 5) + 7(x − 5)

= (x + 7)(x − 5)

Page 4: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

4 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Q. 18. x2 + 8x + 7= x2 + x + 7x + 7= x(x + 1) + 7(x + 1)= (x + 7)(x + 1)

Q. 19. x2 − 13x + 42= x2 − 7x − 6x + 42= x(x − 7) − 6 (x − 7)= (x − 6)(x − 7)

Q. 20. x2 − 8x + 7

= (x − 1)(x − 7)– 1x

– 7x

Q. 21. x2 − 4x − 21= (x + 3)(x − 7)

+ 3x

– 7x

Q. 22. x2 + 12x + 27= (x + 3)(x + 9)

+ 3x

+ 9x

Q. 23. x2 − 11x + 18= (x − 2)(x − 9)

– 2x

– 9x

Q. 24. x2 + 4x − 12= (x + 6)(x − 2)

+ 6x

– 2x

Q. 25. x2 + x − 56

= (x + 8)(x − 7)+ 8x

– 7x

Q. 26. x2 + 24x + 108

= (x + 18)(x + 6)+ 18x

+ 6x

Q. 27. x2 − x − 132

= (x + 11)(x − 12)+ 11x

– 12x

Exercise 6.4

Q. 1. 2x2 + 7x + 3

Need to find factors of 6 that add to give 7

1 × 6 = 6 and 1 + 6= 7

∴ 2x2 + 7x + 3

= 2x2 + x + 6x + 3

= x(2x + 1) + 3(2x + 1)

= (x + 3)(2x + 1)

Q. 2. 3x2 + 8x − 3

Factors of −9

−1 × 9 = −9, −1 + 9 = 8

= 3x2 − x + 9x − 3

= x(3x − 1) + 3(3x − 1)

= (x + 3)(3x − 1)

Page 5: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

5Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Q. 3. 11x2 − 12x + 1

Factors of 11−1 × −11 = 11, −1 − 11 = −12= 11x2 − 11x − x + 1= 11x(x − 1) − 1(x − 1)= (11x − 1)(x − 1)

Q. 4. 2x2 + 1x − 3

Factors of −6−2 × 3 = −6, −2 + 3 = 1= 2x2 − 2x + 3x − 3= 2x(x − 1) + 3(x − 1)= (2x + 3)(x − 1)

Q. 5. 2x2 − 7x + 5

Factors of 10−2 × −5 = 10, −2 −5 = −7= 2x2 − 2x − 5x + 5= 2x(x − 1) − 5(x − 1)= (2x − 5)(x − 1)

Q. 6. 3x2 + x − 2

Factors of −63 × −2 = −6, 3 − 2 = 1= 3x2 + 3x − 2x − 2= 3x(x + 1) − 2(x + 1)= (3x − 2)(x + 1)

Q. 7. 2x2 − 5x + 3

Factors of 6−2 × − 3 = 6, −2 − 3 = −5= 2x2 − 2x − 3x + 3= 2x(x − 1) − 3(x − 1)= (2x − 3)(x − 1)

Q. 8. 5x2 + 7x + 2

Factors of 102 × 5 = 10, 2 + 5 = 7= 5x2 + 5x + 2x + 2= 5x(x + 1) + 2(x + 1)= (5x + 2)(x + 1)

Q. 9. 2x2 − 9x + 4

Factors of 8−1 × −8 = 8, −1 − 8 = −9= 2x2 − 8x − x + 4= 2x(x − 4) − 1(x − 4)= (2x − 1)(x − 4)

Q. 10. 5x2 − 4x − 1

Factors of −5−5 × 1 = −5, −5 + 1 = −4= 5x2 − 5x + x − 1= 5x(x − 1) + 1(x − 1)= (5x + 1)(x − 1)

Q. 11. 5x2 + 13x − 6

Factors of −30−2 × 15 = −30, −2 + 15 = 13= 5x2 + 15x − 2x − 6= 5x(x + 3) − 2(x + 3)= (5x − 2)(x + 3)

Q. 12. 7x2 − 18x − 9

Factors of −633 × –21 = −63, 3 − 21 = −18= 7x2 − 21x + 3x − 9= 7x(x − 3) + 3(x − 3)= (7x + 3)(x − 3)

Page 6: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

6 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Q. 13. 5x2 − 7x + 2

Factors of 10−2 × −5 = 10, −2 −5 = −7= 5x2 − 5x − 2x + 2= 5x(x − 1) − 2(x − 1)= (5x − 2)(x − 1)

Q. 14. 3x2 + x − 4

Factors of −12−3 × 4 = −12, −3 + 4 = 1= 3x2 − 3x + 4x − 4= 3x(x − 1) + 4(x − 1)= (3x + 4)(x − 1)

Q. 15. 2x2 + 11x + 12

Factors of 243 × 8 = 24, 3 + 8 = 11= 2x2 + 8x + 3x + 12= 2x(x + 4) + 3(x + 4)= (2x + 3)(x + 4)

Q. 16. 2x2 + 9x + 9

Factors of 183 × 6 = 18, 3 + 6 = 9= 2x2 + 6x + 3x + 9= 2x(x + 3) + 3(x + 3)= (2x + 3)(x + 3)

Q. 17. 5x2 − 7x − 6

Factors of −303 × −10 = −30, 3 − 10 = −7= 5x2 − 10x + 3x − 6= 5x(x − 2) + 3(x − 2)= (5x + 3)(x − 2)

Q. 18. 3x2 + 14x + 8

Factors of 242 × 12 = 24, 2 + 12 = 14= 3x2 + 12x + 2x + 8= 3x(x + 4) + 2(x + 4)= (3x + 2)(x + 4)

Q. 19. 3x2 − 8x − 16

Factors of −484 × −12 = −48, 4 − 12 = −8= 3x2 − 12x + 4x − 16= 3x(x − 4) + 4(x − 4)= (3x + 4)(x − 4)

Q. 20. 5x2 − 13x − 6

Factors of −302 × −15 = −30, 2 − 15 = −13= 5x2 − 15x + 2x − 6= 5x(x − 3) + 2(x − 3)= (5x + 2)(x − 3)

Q. 21. 3x2 − 2x − 1+ 13x

– 1x

(3x + 1)(x − 1)

Q. 22. 13x2 − 35x − 12

Factors of −156−39 × 4 = −156, −39 + 4 = −35= 13x2 − 39x + 4x − 12= 13x(x − 3) + 4(x − 3)= (13x + 4)(x − 3)

Page 7: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

7Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Q. 23. 2x2 − 3x − 20

Factors of −405 × −8 = −40, 5 − 8 = −3= 2x2 − 8x + 5x − 20= 2x(x − 4) + 5(x − 4)= (2x + 5)(x − 4)

Q. 24. 4x2 + 3x − 1

Factors of −4−1 × 4 = −4, −1 + 4 = 3= 4x2 + 4x − x − 1= 4x(x + 1) − 1(x + 1)= (4x − 1)(x + 1)

Q. 25. 8x2 + 57x + 7

Factors of 561 × 56 = 56, 1 + 56 = 57= 8x2 + 56x + x + 7= 8x (x + 7) + 1(x + 7)= (8x + 1)(x + 7)

Q. 26. 4x2 − 12x + 5

Factors of 20−2 × −10 = 20, −2 −10 = −12= 4x2 − 2x − 10x + 5= 2x(2x − 1) − 5(2x − 1)= (2x − 5)(2x − 1)

Q. 27. 8x2 − 5x − 3

Factors of −243 × −8 = −24, 3 − 8 = −5= 8x2 − 8x + 3x − 3= 8x(x − 1) + 3(x − 1)= (8x + 3)(x − 1)

Q. 28. 18x2 − 27x + 4

Factors of 72−24 × –3 = 72, –24 − 3 = –27= 18x2 − 3x − 24x + 4= 3x(6x − 1) − 4(6x − 1)= (6x − 1)(3x − 4)

Q. 29. 4x2 − 9x − 9

Factors of −363 × −12 = −36, 3 −12 = −9= 4x2 − 12x + 3x − 9= 4x(x − 3) + 3(x − 3)= (4x + 3)(x − 3)

Q. 30. 4x2 + 19x + 12

Factors of 483 × 16 = 48, 3 + 16 = 19= 4x2 + 16x + 3x + 12= 4x(x + 4) + 3(x + 4)= (4x + 3)(x + 4)

Q. 31. 4x2 − 63x − 16

Factors of −64

1 × −64 = −64, 1 − 64 = −63= 4x2 − 64x + x − 16

= 4x(x − 16) + 1(x − 16)

= (4x + 1)(x − 16)

Q. 32. 12x2 − 61x + 70– 74x

– 103x

(4x − 7)(3x − 10)

Page 8: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

8 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Q. 33. (2x + 1)2 + (x − 1)2 − 2(7x − 1)= 4x2 + 4x + 1 + x2 − 2x + 1 −

14x + 2= 5x2 − 12x + 4

Factors of 20−2 × −10 = 20, −2 − 10 = −12= 5x2 − 10x − 2x + 4= 5x(x − 2) − 2(x − 2)= (5x − 2)(x − 2)

Exercise 6.5

Q. 1. x2 − 169 = x2 − 132

= (x + 13)(x − 13)

Q. 2. x2 − 100 = x2 − 102

= (x + 10)(x − 10)

Q. 3. x2 − 144 = x2 − 122

= (x + 12)(x − 12)

Q. 4. 36 − x2

= 62 − x2

= (6 + x)(6 − x)

Q. 5. x2 − 81 = x2 − 92

= (x + 9)(x − 9)

Q. 6. p2 − 121 = p2 − 112

= (p + 11)(p − 11)

Q. 7. 196 − a2

= 142 − a2

= (14 + a)(14 − a)

Q. 8. 9x2 − 289

(3x)2 −(17)2

(3x − 17)(3x + 17)

Q. 9. 16x2 − 81

(4x)2 − (9)2

(4x − 9)(4x + 9)

Q. 10. 36x2 − 25= (6x)2 − 52

= (6x + 5)(6x − 5)

Q. 11. 81y2 − 64

= (9y)2 − 82

= (9y + 8)(9y − 8)

Q. 12. 144x2 − 49= (12x)2 − 72

= (12x + 7)(12x − 7)

Q. 13. 81 − 4x2

= 92 − (2x)2

= (9 + 2x)(9 − 2x)

Q. 14. 196q2 − 1

= (14q)2 − 12

= (14q + 1)(14q − 1)

Q. 15. 121x2 − 25y2

= (11x)2 − (5y)2

= (11x + 5y)(11x − 5y)

Q. 16. 169a2 − 81b2

= (13a)2 − (9b)2

= (13a + 9b)(13a − 9b)

Q. 17. 100x2 − 49y2

= (10x)2 − (7y)2

= (10x + 7y)(10x − 7y)

Q. 18. 121a2 − 25b2

= (11a)2 − (5b)2

= (11a + 5b)(11a − 5b)

Q. 19. 16x2 − 9y2

= (4x)2 − (3y)2

= (4x + 3y)(4x − 3y)

Q. 20. 49x2 − 4y2

= (7x)2 − (2y)2

= (7x + 2y)(7x − 2y)

Page 9: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

9Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Q. 21. 256x2 − 625y2

= (16x)2 − (25y)2

= (16x + 25y)(16x − 25y)

Q. 22. 9q2 − 25p2

= (3q)2 − (5p)2

= (3q + 5p)(3q − 5p)

Q. 23. 900x2 − 196y2

= (30x)2 − (14y)2

= (30x + 14y)(30x − 14y)

Q. 24. 16b2 − a2

= (4b)2 − a2

= (4b + a)(4b − a)

Q. 25. x2 − 441y2

= x2 − (21y)2

= (x + 21y)(x − 21y)

Q. 26. 361x2 − 289y2

= (19x)2 − (17y)2

= (19x + 17y)(19x − 17y)

Q. 27. 16a4 − b4

(4a2)2 − (b2)2

(4a2 − b2)(4a2 + b2)

4a2 − b2 = (2a)2 − (b)2

(2a − b)(2a + b)(4a2 + b2)

Q. 28. 5012 − 499 2

= (501 + 499)(501 − 499)

= (1,000)(2)

= 2,000

Q. 29. 40.62 − 39.42

= (40.6 + 39.4)(40.6 − 39.4)

= (80)(1.2)

= 96

Q. 30. (a − 4b)(a + b) + 3ab

= a2 + ab − 4ab − 4b2 + 3ab

= a2 − 4b2

= (a + 2b)(a − 2b)

Exercise 6.6 Q. 1. 2x2 − 8

= 2[x2 − 4]

= 2(x + 2)(x − 2)

Q. 2. 3y2 − 300

= 3[y2 − 100]

= 3(y + 10)(y − 10)

Q. 3. 2ac − 2ad + 2bc − 2bd

= 2[ac − ad + bc − bd]

= 2[a(c − d) + b(c − d)]

= 2(a + b)(c − d)

Q. 4. 20x2 + 20x + 5

= 5[4x2 + 4x + 1]

= 5(2x + 1)(2x + 1)

= 5(2x + 1)2

Q. 5. 4x2 − 8x − 12

= 4[x2 − 2x − 3]

= 4(x + 1)(x − 3)

Q. 6. y3 − 25y

= y[y2 − 25]

= y(y + 5)(y − 5)

Q. 7. 3ax2 + 6ax − 24a

= 3a[x2 + 2x − 8]

= 3a(x − 2)(x + 4)

Q. 8. 5x3 − 80x

5x[x2 − 16]

5x(x − 4)(x + 4)

Q. 9. 5x2 − 10qx + 10px − 20pq

= 5[x2 − 2qx + 2px − 4pq]

= 5[x(x − 2q) + 2p(x − 2q)]

= 5(x + 2p)(x − 2q)

Q. 10. 5a4 − 45a2

= 5a2[a2 − 9]

= 5a2(a + 3)(a − 3)

Page 10: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

10 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Q. 11. 2x3 + x2 − 15x

= x[2x2 + x − 15]

= x(2x − 5)(x + 3)

Q. 12. 3a3 − 9a2c − 6a2b + 18abc

= 3a[a2 − 3ac − 2ab + 6bc]

= 3a[a(a − 3c) − 2b(a − 3c)]

= 3a(a − 2b)(a − 3c)

Q. 13. 3p2 − 3p − 18

= 3[p2 − p − 6]

= 3(p + 2)(p − 3)

Q. 14. 36x2 + 68x − 8

= 4[9x2 + 17x − 2]

= 4[9x2 + 18x − x − 2]

= 4[9x(x + 2) − 1 (x + 2)]

= 4(9x − 1)(x + 2)

Q. 15. 18x2 − 8

= 2(9x2 − 4)

= 2(3x + 2)(3x − 2)

Q. 16. 8q2 − 44q + 20

= 4[2q2 − 11q + 5]

= 4(2q − 1)(q − 5)

Q. 17. a4 − 25a2b2

= a2 [a2 − 25b2]

= a2(a + 5b)(a − 5b)

Q. 18. 60y3 − 70y2 − 30y

= 10y[6y2 − 7y − 3]

= 10y(3y + 1)(2y − 3)

Q. 19. 40p2r − 30p2s + 20pqr – 15pqs

= 5p [8pr − 6ps + 4qr − 3qs]

= 5p[2p(4r − 3s) + q(4r − 3s)]

= 5p(2p + q)(4r − 3s)

Q. 20. 40y2 − 14y − 6

= 2[20y2 − 7y − 3]

Factors of −60

−12 × 5 = −60, –12 + 5 = −7

= 2[20y2 + 5y − 12y − 3]

= 2[5y(4y + 1) − 3(4y + 1)]

= 2(5y − 3)(4y + 1)

Q. 21. (2x + a)(4x − 2a) − (3y + a)(6y − 2a)

= 8x2 − 4ax + 4ax − 2a2 − [18y2 − 6ay + 6ay − 2a2]

= 8x2 − 2a2 − 18y2 + 2a2

= 8x2 − 18y2

= 2(4x2 − 9y2)

= 2(2x + 3y)(2x − 3y)

Q. 22. (x − 3)(x2 + 4) + 3(x − 2)2 − 17x

= x3 + 4x − 3x2 − 12 + 3[x2 − 4x + 4] − 17x

= x3 + 4x − 3x2 − 12 + 3x2 − 12x + 12 − 17x

= x3 − 25x

= x[x2 − 25]

= x(x + 5)(x − 5)

Q. 23. (2a − b)(6a + 3b) − (3c − 3b)(c + b)

= 12a2 + 6ab − 6ab − 3b2 − [3c2 + 3bc − 3bc − 3b2]

= 12a2 − 3b2 − 3c2 + 3b2

= 12a2 − 3c2

= 3(4a2 − c2)

= 3(2a + c)(2a − c)

Q. 24. (x2 − 20)(x2 − 5) − 4x2

= x4 − 5x2 − 20x2 + 100 − 4x2

= x4 − 29x2 + 100

Factors of 100

−4 × −25 = 100, −4 − 25 = −29

= x4 − 29x2 + 100

= x4 − 4x2 − 25x2 + 100

= x2(x2 − 4) − 25(x2 − 4)

= (x2 − 25)(x2 − 4)

= (x + 5)(x − 5)(x + 2)(x − 2)

Page 11: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

11Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Revision Exercises

Q. 1. xy + 2x

= x(y + 2)

Q. 2. 3x + 3

= 3(x + 1)

Q. 3. 10x2 + 2x

= 2x(5x + 1)

Q. 4. 5a2 − a

= a(5a − 1)

Q. 5. ad + ae + cd + ce

= a(d + e) + c(d + e)

= (a + c)(d + e)

Q. 6. y2 − 49

= (y + 7)(y − 7)

Q. 7. x2 + 8x + 7

= (x + 7)(x + 1)

Q. 8. x2 + 13x + 30

= (x + 10)(x + 3)

Q. 9. mp − mq + np − nq

= m(p − q) + n(p − q)

= (m + n)(p − q)

Q. 10. g2 + 4g − 12

= (g + 6)(g − 2)

Q. 11. p2 − 16

= (p + 4)(p − 4)

Q. 12. k2 − 21k − 100

= (k + 4)(k − 25)

Q. 13. mx − 2my − 12bx + 24by

= m(x − 2y) − 12b(x − 2y)

= (m − 12b)(x − 2y)

Q. 14. x2 − x − 20

= (x + 4)(x − 5)

Q. 15. c2 − 25

= (c + 5)(c − 5)

Q. 16. 14x2y − 21xy2

= 7xy(2x − 3y)

Q. 17. a2 + 2a − 8

= (a − 2)(a + 4)

Q. 18. m2 − 5m + 6

= (m − 3)(m − 2)

Q. 19. 7x2 + 9x + 2

= 7x2 + 7x + 2x + 2

= 7x(x + 1) + 2(x + 1)

= (7x + 2)(x + 1)

Q. 20. ax + 2ay − 5bx − 10by

= a(x + 2y) − 5b(x + 2y)

= (a − 5b)(x + 2y)

Q. 21. 2x2 − 3x + 1

= (2x − 1)(x − 1)

Q. 22. 3x2 + 14x − 5

Factors of −15

−1 × 15 = −15, −1 + 15 = 14

= 3x2 + 15x − x − 5

= 3x(x + 5) −1 (x + 5)

= (3x − 1)(x + 5)

Q. 23. 144r2 − 121s2

= (12r)2 − (11s)2

= (12r + 11s)(12r − 11s)

Q. 24. 7x2 + 26x − 45

Factors of −315

−9 × 35 = −315, −9 + 35 = 26

= 7x2 + 35x − 9x − 45

= 7x(x + 5) − 9(x + 5)

= (7x − 9)(x + 5)

Page 12: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

12 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Q. 25. 5x2 + 13x − 6

Factors of −30

15 × −2 = −30, 15 − 2 = 13

= 5x2 + 15x − 2x − 6

= 5x(x + 3) − 2(x + 3)

= (5x − 2)(x + 3)

Q. 26. 36y2 − z2

= (6y)2 − z2

= (6y + z)(6y − z)

Q. 27. 15km − 6kn − 5m + 2n

= 15km − 5m − 6kn + 2n

= 5m(3k − 1) − 2n(3k − 1)

= (5m − 2n)(3k − 1)

Q. 28. 3x2 + x − 10

= (3x − 5)(x + 2)

Q. 29. pr + sq −qr − ps

= pr − qr − ps + sq

= r(p − q) − s(p − q)

= (r – s)(p − q)

Q. 30. a2b2 − 4x2y2

= (ab)2 − (2xy)2

= (ab + 2xy)(ab − 2xy)

Q. 31. 5x2 − x − 4

= (5x + 4)(x − 1)

Q. 32. ac − ad − bc + bd

= a(c − d) − b(c − d)

= (a − b)(c − d)

Q. 33. 6x2 + 15ab − 10bx − 9ax

= 6x2 − 10bx − 9ax + 15ab

= 2x(3x − 5b) − 3a(3x − 5b)

= (2x − 3a)(3x − 5b)

Q. 34. 4x2 + 8x + 3

= (2x + 1)(2x + 3)

Q. 35. 10x2 + 51x + 5

= 10x2 + 50x + x + 5

= 10x(x + 5) + 1(x + 5)

= (10x + 1)(x + 5)

Q. 36. ax + cy − ay − cx

= ax − ay − cx + cy

= a(x − y) − c(x − y)

= (a − c)(x − y)

Q. 37. 8x2 − 26x − 15

= 8x2 + 4x − 30x − 15

= 4x(2x + 1) − 15(2x + 1)

= (4x − 15)(2x + 1)

Q. 38. 100y2 − 81x2

= (10y)2 − (9x)2

= (10y + 9x)(10y − 9x)

Q. 39. 6x2 + 26x − 20

= 2[3x2 + 13x − 10]

= 2[3x2 + 15x − 2x − 10]

= 2[3x(x + 5) − 2(x + 5)]

= 2(3x − 2)(x + 5)

Q. 40. x3 − 2x2 − 3x

= x[x2 − 2x − 3]– 3x

+ 1x

x(x − 3)(x + 1)

Factors: x, (x − 3), (x + 1)

Q. 41. 2a2 − 18b2

= 2(a2 − 9b2)

= 2(a + 3b)(a − 3b)

Factors: 2, (a + 3b), (a − 3b)

Page 13: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

13Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Q. 42. 2x2 + 10x − 28

= 2[x2 + 5x − 14]

= 2(x − 2)(x + 7)

Factors: 2, (x − 2), (x + 7)

Q. 43. x3 + x2 − 56x

= x[x2 + x − 56]

= x(x + 8)(x − 7)

Factors: x, (x + 8), (x − 7)

Q. 44. pqs − pqt + prs − prt

= p[qs − qt + rs − rt]

= p[q(s − t) + r(s − t)]

= p(q + r)(s – t)

Factors: p, (q + r), (s − t)

Q. 45. 30x2 − 46x + 8

= 2[15x2 − 23x + 4]

Factors of 60

−3 × −20 = 60, −3 − 20 = −23

= 2[15x2 − 3x − 20x + 4]

= 2[15x2 − 3x − 20x + 4]

= 2(3x − 4)(5x − 1)

Factors: 2, (3x − 4), (5x − 1)

Q. 46. 3x − ax + 3x2 − ax2

= x[3 − a + 3x − ax]

= x[1(3 − a) + x(3 − a)]

= x(1 + x)(3 − a)

Factors: x, (1 + x), (3 − a)

Q. 47. x4 − 16

= (x2)2 − (4)2

= (x2 + 4)(x2 − 4)

= (x2 + 4)(x + 2)(x − 2)

Factors: (x2 + 4), (x + 2), (x − 2)

Q. 48.

4 4x 12

x x2 3x

x 3

2 2x 12

x x2 6x

x 6

1 x 12

x x2 12x

x 12

Possible solutions: 1, 12; 2, 6 or 3, 4

Q. 49. (i) (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + ax + bx + ab

(ii) x2 + 8x + 15 = x2 + rx + tx + rt

(a) r + t = 8

(b) rt = 15

Q. 50. (i) (x + 3)2 − (x + 2)2

= x2 + 6x + 9 − [x2 + 4x + 4]

= x2 + 6x + 9 − x2 − 4x − 4

= 2x + 5

(ii) a2 − b2 = (a + b)(a − b)

(iii) (a + b)(a − b)

= (x + 3 + x + 2)(x + 3 − x − 2)

= (2x + 5)(1)

= 2x + 5

(iv) Answers to (i) and (iii) the same.

(v) (x + 4)2 − (x + 1)2

= (x + 4 + x + 1)(x + 4 − x − 1)

= (2x + 5)(3)

= 3(2x + 5)

Q. 51. (i) Yes all the answers are correctly factorised as all answers expand to give 6x2 + 36x + 30

Sophie:

(6x + 6)(x + 5)

= 6x2 + 30x + 6x + 30

= 6x2 + 36x + 30

Page 14: Chapter 6 Exercise 6 - Biology Leaving Cert.shevlinbiology.webs.com/Book 2 Ch. 6 Factorising 2-1.pdf44x –12 xx2 –3x x –3 ∴ x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) Q. 10. x2 − 2x

14 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 6 Solutions

Tara:

(2x + 2)(3x + 15) = 6x2 + 30x + 6x + 30= 6x2 + 36x + 30Viggo: (3x + 3)(2x + 10) = 6x2 + 30x + 6x + 30= 6x2 + 36x + 30

(ii) In this case the different answers result from the HCF 6 in the original expression6x2 + 36x + 30 = 6[x2 + 6x + 5]= 6(x + 1)(x + 5)The factors of 6 i.e. 1, 6 and 2, 3 then generate the different combinations.

(iii) 6x2 + 36x + 30= (6x + 6)(x + 5)= 6(x + 1)(x + 5)

Q. 52. Given x2 + kx + 8 = (x + a)(x + b) a, b positive integers

Since ab = 8

Factors of 8 are 1, 8 and 2, 4

If a = 1 and b = 8 then k = 1 + 8

k = 9

If a = 2 and b = 4 then k = 2 + 4

k = 6

Q. 53. Given x2 + kx − 8 = (x + a)(x + b) a, b integers

ab = −8

Factors of −8 are: −1, 8; 1, −8; −2, 4 and 2, −4

a + b = k

∴ if a = −1 and b = 8, k = 7

if a = 1 and b = −8, k = −7

if a = −2 and b = 4, k = 2

if a = 2 and b = −4, k = −2

Q. 54.

3 3x –15

3x 3x2 –15x

x –5

From area of the rectangle

kx = −15x + 3x

kx = −12x

hence k = −12

Q. 55.

–k –5kx –k

x 5x2 x

5x 1

−5k + 1 = −1 (coefficient of the middle term)

−5k = −2

k = 2 __ 5