CHAPTER 6: CHAPTER 6: DUEL FOR AMERICADUEL FOR AMERICA

By Pam Kumparatana and Nikola By Pam Kumparatana and Nikola KoscicaKoscica

Early French moves in the New Early French moves in the New WorldWorld

King Louis King Louis XIV XIV promoted French oversea promoted French oversea colonies colonies

1608- Samuel Champlain, founded the 11608- Samuel Champlain, founded the 1stst settlement settlement in New France (present-day Canada), called Quebec in New France (present-day Canada), called Quebec

France made allies with the Huron Tribe, and attacked France made allies with the Huron Tribe, and attacked the Iroquois.the Iroquois.

The King and his appointed magistrate ruled the The King and his appointed magistrate ruled the colonycolony

New France was populated slowlyNew France was populated slowly

Other Early French moves. . .Other Early French moves. . . The first French to The first French to

migrate out New France migrate out New France were the Acadians.were the Acadians.

The Acadians moved east The Acadians moved east to settle in Nova Scotia, to settle in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince New Brunswick, Prince Edward island and parts Edward island and parts of Maine. of Maine.

1755- England starts to 1755- England starts to deport the Acadians from deport the Acadians from these areas.these areas.

F U R ! !F U R ! !• Voyageurs: - French fur hunters/traders - mostly hunted the beaver (almost to the brink of extinction) - recruited natives to help them hunt for furs - introduced alcohol to the Native Tribes, and violated their

beliefs

• Jesuits: - wanted to save the Natives from the French by converting

them to Christianity - some were tortured and killed by the Native Americans.

The French explore. . .The French explore. . .• 1701- Antoine Cadillac

establishes Detroit• 1682- Robert de La Salle,

discovers the Mississippi basin, and names it Louisiana (5 years later he was killed by his own crew)

• 1713- Fort New Orleans is constructed

• Grain is sailed south from New France to New Orleans, then to West Indies or Europe

• New Orleans rapidly becomes a trade center

1713- Peace terms signed at Utrecht 1713- Peace terms signed at Utrecht gave away French Nova Scotia, New gave away French Nova Scotia, New

Foundland, and the area around Foundland, and the area around Hudson Bay to EnglandHudson Bay to England

• 2 of the wars were called the “King’s William’s War”(1688-1697) and “Queen Anne’s War” (1702-1713)

• France and Spain fought against England

• Indians and settlers would burn and raid enemy towns and establishments

The War of the Jenkins’s Ear (1739)• Was first fought between Spain

and England, in Florida, Georgia, and the Caribbean

• (1742), merged with the war of the War of the Austrian Succession, and France entered the war on the Spanish side.

• Britain won, but returned all lands it confiscated in the war to its enemies. This moved angered the Americans.

Pre- French and Indian WarPre- French and Indian WarA.A. Ohio ValleyOhio Valley a. The Americans wanted it, as a a. The Americans wanted it, as a

place to settleplace to settle b. The French needed it as a vital b. The French needed it as a vital

connection to Louisianaconnection to LouisianaB.B. George Washington George Washington a. sent to patrol Ohio valley with a. sent to patrol Ohio valley with

150 men150 men b. found a deployment of French b. found a deployment of French

soldiers and attacks them.soldiers and attacks them.C.C. DefeatDefeat a. fearing a counter attack, a. fearing a counter attack,

George Washington retreats to George Washington retreats to Fort NecessityFort Necessity

b. He is surrounded by the b. He is surrounded by the French and surrendersFrench and surrenders

c. he is captured but is released c. he is captured but is released soon after soon after

-This war originated in Europe -This war originated in Europe where England and Prussia fought where England and Prussia fought

against France, Spain, Austria, against France, Spain, Austria, and Russiaand Russia

The Americans were The Americans were ready to charge into ready to charge into New France and claim New France and claim their land.their land.They gave the Iroquois They gave the Iroquois weapons, and made weapons, and made them their alliesthem their alliesEnglish General English General Braddock was sent to Braddock was sent to the colonies to provide the colonies to provide military support. military support.

British losses and the Organizer of British losses and the Organizer of VictoryVictory

A. SetbacksA. Setbacks a. General Braddock fights one a. General Braddock fights one

battle, loses and is killed in the battle, loses and is killed in the fighting.fighting. b. The French counterattack and b. The French counterattack and start to burn villagesstart to burn villages

c. This left George Washington c. This left George Washington and a few American soldiers to and a few American soldiers to defend the coloniesdefend the colonies

d. 1756- Brittan’s invasion of d. 1756- Brittan’s invasion of New France failsNew France fails

e. 1757, William Pitt becomes e. 1757, William Pitt becomes the Secretly of State in England the Secretly of State in England

B. William Pitt, the Great Organizer of B. William Pitt, the Great Organizer of victory victory a. transferred English soldiers a. transferred English soldiers from the West Indies to New Francefrom the West Indies to New France b. replaced old generals with new b. replaced old generals with new onesones c. 1758, Battle of Louisburg, c. 1758, Battle of Louisburg, turning point and first decisive turning point and first decisive English victory of the warEnglish victory of the war

d. English General James Wolfe, d. English General James Wolfe, defeats and surrounds the French at defeats and surrounds the French at QuebecQuebec

C. AftermathC. Aftermath a. Louisiana is given to Spaina. Louisiana is given to Spain b. Florida and New France b. Florida and New France

(Canada) becomes English (Canada) becomes English

Despite the Proclamation, Despite the Proclamation, settlers and explores still went settlers and explores still went

pass the Appalachian mountainspass the Appalachian mountains 1767- Daniel Bonne begins to 1767- Daniel Bonne begins to explore Tennessee and Kentuckyexplore Tennessee and Kentucky

The treaty of Paris (1763) gave The treaty of Paris (1763) gave away Native American land away Native American land without their permission.without their permission.

Pontiac, chief of the Ottawa tribe,Pontiac, chief of the Ottawa tribe, begins his campaign to free Ohio begins his campaign to free Ohio Valley from British rule. (he kills Valley from British rule. (he kills 2,000 settlers and destroys all but 2,000 settlers and destroys all but 3 of the British forts in Ohio valley)3 of the British forts in Ohio valley)Proclamation of 1763- prohibited Proclamation of 1763- prohibited the Americans from settling past the Americans from settling past the Appalachian mountainsthe Appalachian mountains

- It was meant to protect the - It was meant to protect the colonist and try to resolve the colonist and try to resolve the dispute with the Nativesdispute with the Natives

- what it really did was anger - what it really did was anger the colonists who wanted to move the colonists who wanted to move westwest