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Chapter 6:
Clash of Cultures Section 1
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Who does Oklahoma belong to?
(way before it became Oklahoma)
Plains Indians (nomadic) roamed areas 500-800 miles wide; many tribes traded and hunted in Oklahoma
Wichita tribe known as reliable and hospitable; grew corn, pumpkins, beans, tobacco and were well known traders
Caddo tribe lived along the Red River - used sign language to facilitate trade with other tribes – numbers of Caddo Indians decreased after Louisiana Purchase due to war and disease
Comanche tribe moved into the Oklahoma area in 1700s from Wyoming - known for horses, hunting, and warfare
Kiowa tribe moved to plains in late 1700s – allied with Comanche and enemy to Caddo
Kichai moved from Texas and Louisiana to western Oklahoma by the 1800s
Shawnee and Delaware Indians moved into the territory during the early 1800s
Osage territory spanned a large area of Oklahoma in 1700s (Missouri to Arkansas rivers)
Osage often fought with other tribes coming into the area
Salina: earliest permanent white settlement in Oklahoma – originally a trading post with Osage
Quapaw Indians more peaceful than Osage but language was similar – found in eastern Oklahoma but treaties,disease and conflict with other tribes forced their movement – ended up in northeast Oklahoma
Western Cherokee Late 1700s from along Tennessee River fought bitterly with Osage – gov’t ask Osage to give up land in Arkansas in 1808 but fighting did not stop
Fort Smith 1817 – (First fort west of Mississippi River) built in Arkansas Territory to stop fighting between Osage and Western Cherokee
So what was the problem???
President Jefferson didn’t realize other
Indians already had claims to the
Louisiana Purchase
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