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Chapter 6: Biomes and Aquatic Ecosystems. Notes Can Also Be Found at www.manskopf.com. Chapter 6 Notes Goal. Explain what biomes and aquatic ecosystems are Explain how biomes are characterized. Describe how net primary productivity varies among biomes. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 6: Biomes and Aquatic
EcosystemsNotes Can Also Be Found at
www.manskopf.com
Chapter 6 Notes Goal
• Explain what biomes and aquatic ecosystems are
• Explain how biomes are characterized.• Describe how net primary productivity varies
among biomes.• Give an introduction to your Biome Project• Give an example of your Biome Project
What are the differences?Climate, Biology, Limiting Factors, Adaptations?
Things Change?
• Fossil evidence suggests that the frozen continent of Antarctica was once covered in temperate forest.
Earth’s Biomes• Groups of terrestrial
ecosystems that share biotic and abiotic conditions
• 10 primary biomes:– tropical rain forest – dry forest savanna– desert – temperate rain forest– temperate forest– temperate grassland– chaparral– boreal forest– tundra
La Mesa, CA
Philadelphia
• Climate: Average conditions, Climate: Average conditions, including temperature and including temperature and precipitation, over long periods precipitation, over long periods of time in a given areaof time in a given area
• Weather: Day-to-day conditions Weather: Day-to-day conditions in Earth’s atmospherein Earth’s atmosphere
• Climatographs: Diagrams that summarize an Climatographs: Diagrams that summarize an area’s average monthly temperature and area’s average monthly temperature and precipitationprecipitation
• Each biome has a set of characteristic Each biome has a set of characteristic organisms adapted to its particular organisms adapted to its particular climate conditions.climate conditions.
Across the U.S.
Productivity• Net primary production: The
amount of organic matter (biomass) that remains after primary producers use some to carry out cellular respiration
• Ecosystems vary in their net primary productivity, the rate at which primary producers convert energy to biomass.
• Warm, wet biomes generally have higher net primary productivity than cold, dry biomes.
Earth’s productivity: On land forests are highly productive in dark green, deserts least in brown. At sea, red indicates high productivity and deep oceans dark blue.
Aquatic Ecosystems (Wet Biomes)
• 75% of Earth’s surface is covered by water.
•Salinity: the amount of dissolved salt present in water. Ecosystems are classified as salt water, fresh water, or brackish depending on salinity.
•Photosynthesis tends to be limited by light availability, which is a function of depth and water clarity.
•Aquatic ecosystems are either flowing or standing.
•Aquatic ecosystem zones: photic, aphotic, benthic
Aquatic Ecosystem Limiting Factors
• Limiting factors may include:
• Salinity
• Ph
• Sunlight
• Dissolved oxygen
• Temperature
Freshwater Ecosystems: Ponds, Lakes, Inland Seas
Salinity is less than 0.5 ppt (parts per thousand)
Freshwater Ecosystems: Wetlands
• Areas of land flooded with water at least part of the year
• Include freshwater marshes, swamps, bogs, and fens
Freshwater Ecosystems: Rivers and Streams
Bodies of surface water that flow downhill, eventually reaching an ocean or inland sea
Delaware Water Gap
Estuaries• Occur where a river flows
into the ocean or an inland sea
• Coastal estuaries are brackish ecosystems; organisms must tolerate wide salinity and temperature ranges.
• Coastal estuaries are home to salt marshes and mangrove forests.
Oceans• Intertidal Areas• Neritic Zones• Open Ocean
Chapter 6 Review
• Explain what biomes and aquatic ecosystems are
• Explain how biomes are characterized.• Describe how net primary productivity varies
among biomes.• Give an introduction to your Biome Project• Give an example of your Biome Project
Biome Project Online
http://www.manskopf.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/BiomesProject.230105729.doc
Biome Project PowerPoint Example
• Temperate Rain Forest
• JUST AN EXAMPLE – 2-5 minutes• Remember 60% for information• Also found at www.manskopf.com
Temperate Rain ForestFor Mr. Manskopf
Environmental Science Class
By Mr. ManskopfNovember 2011
Temperate Rainforest…Where on Earth?
• Small Biomes in Area• Small Pockets Around World
Temperate Rain Forests Locations
• Mid-Latitudes• Usually near
coastline• Largest found in
Pacific Northwest of U.S. and British Columbia in Canada
Climate of the Temperate Rain Forest
• WET, Year Round Rain• Moderate Temperatures
Why is it wet year round?
Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest
TREES:•Cedars, Spruce, Hemlock, Douglas Fir •Grow Tall/Fast•Evergreens•Coniferous Trees (seed-bearing cones)•Compete for sunlight•Commercially important
Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest
• Damp conditions perfect for moss
• Slugs• Numerous amphibian
creatures• Squirrels• Deer• Elk
Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest
Limiting Factors•Sunlight•Too much precipitation (Precipitation in Olympic's rain forest ranges from 140 to 167 inches (12 to 14 feet) every year.)
Threats
• Timber/Logging
Example Hoh Rain
Forest
http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/temperate-rain-forests.htm
Temperate Rain ForestCites
• http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/temperate-rain-forests.htm
• https://biomesfirst09.wikispaces.com/Temperate+Rainforest+Home
• http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/temprain.htm