Chapter - 6: Basics of Photoshop CS3 & Illustrator · PDF fileChapter - 6: Basics of Photoshop CS3 & Illustrator 242 Introduction to Photoshop INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOSHOP Adobe Photoshop

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Chapter - 6: Basics of Photoshop CS3 & Illustrator

Introduction to Photoshop


242 Introduction to Photoshop

INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOSHOP

Adobe Photoshop is one of the most powerful image modification programs published by Adobe Systems.

Although Photoshop is professional software for photographers, graphic designers and web designers, amateur users can use Photoshop easily. The file format of Photoshop is PSD. PSD files keep layer information to maintain the original image for future use. Photoshop can work with different color modes: Bitmap, Gray scale, Duotone, Indexed Color, RGB Color, CMYK Color, Lab Color.

The most recent version Photoshop CS3 was released in 2007. CS stands for Creative Studio. CS3 works faster and uses less hardware resource then earlier versions. The following pictures were created by using Photoshop. There are two kinds of graphics. One is "raster graphics", the other is "vector graphics". Their difference lies under encoding the data file for a graphics image. Raster graphics describe images as arrays of colored pixels. It is like preparing a mosaic artwork. You place stones with different colors on your canvas to produce different shapes and illustrations. The more stones you place in a certain area to describe an image, the clearer artwork you will have. In Tibet, an Asian nation; people have an amazing art called Mandalas. They place billions of different colors of sands on big plates to form artwork

describing their culture as shown on the left.

As you see on this plate each grain of sand has a specific place to represent a color. The point here is to use very small particles and not to leave any empty place on the plate. Think as if that the plate under the Mandala sands is flexible and if you try to increase the size of the plate by pulling, there will be empty spaces between grains of sand and the visual appeal

will be impoverized. And if you make the plate smaller by force, sands will overlap

A layer is a component

of an image. Images

consist of multiple

layers. Layers might be

background, texts,

logos, shapes, pictures,

etc.

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each other making the artwork less attractive.

The same concept is true for Raster Graphics Editing Programs (Photoshop). You use as many pixels as you can in a certain area to make sharp images when printing. But if you increase or decrease the size of the file after creating the document the quality of the images will decrease. Therefore mostly Raster Graphics programs are used on Photo images and in giving special effects to pictures.

Vector graphics based upon mathematical equations to represent images in computer graphics. You can increase the size of your canvas as much as you want without losing the visual quality of your vector image. Vector graphics are mostly used in big format printing. But their ability is limited in Photo editing.

A project which is produced in Photoshop



The Toolbox

The black triangle on the right bottom of tools means that the toolbox includes additional tools. To open a sub tool menu you can either right click on it or just keep t and hold it, and then by clicking on any tool on the menu will be able to change your tool.

Shortcut: Pressing on the shortcut letters on the keyboard helps us to select the tools swiftly. For additional tools you have to keep pressing on the shortcut letter.

Adobe Online

Move Tool

Hand Tool Default Colors

Set Foreground and background Colors

Fullscreen Mode with Menubar

Zoom Tool

Edit & Quick Mask Mode

Fullscreen Mode

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Overview of Photoshop CS3

Title Bar

Image

View Size

Maximize Button

Close Button

Minimize Button

Scroll Bars

Resize Bar

Menus

Tool Pane

Image Window Palettes

Photoshop Interface

Image Window



Digital Imaging

Color Modes

Each color you see on your computer screen or on a printed document is a mixture of other main colors. To produce a color, you need to combine the main colors in a certain ratio. You may have faced this fact in painting when you were in primary school. You can add more water to lighten the color, or you can add a little black to make it darker. In a PC environment there are two different standards in defining the main colors. These are called the color models.

Red, Green, Blue (RGB): This model refers to a system for representing the colors on a computer screen. Red, green, and blue are combined to produce other colors. Color values vary in the range 0-255. Red=0, Green=0, Blue=0 produces black color and Red=255, Green=255, Blue=255 produces white color. In RGB red plus green produces yellow, red plus blue produces magenta, blue plus green produces cyan. Figure 1 shows the three colors used in the RGB color model and intersection of the colors.

Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key (Black): The CMYK model is commonly used for color printing. If you are using your image editing programs to prepare printing materials, you have to work with CMYK. In CMYK, magenta plus yellow produces red, magenta plus cyan produces blue and cyan plus yellow produces green. Figure 2 shows the four colors used in the CMYK color model and the intersection of the colors.

Pixel

A pixel (picture element) is a single point in a graphic image. Digital images consist of collocated pixels. The intensity of each pixel is variable; in color systems, each pixel has typically three or four dimensions of variability such as red, green, and blue, or cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. It means a pixel can have only one color.

Resolution

Resolution refers to the sharpness and clarity of an image. Resolution is the number of pixels on a specific area such as a computer screen or a paper. It is most often used to define monitors, printers, and images. The higher the resolution you have means the more pixels you use in defining the image and getting a sharper and clearer result. Pixels Per Inch (PPI) is a measurement of resolution of a monitor displaying an image. Dot per inch (DPI) defines the number of dots will be put on a specific surface when printing.

Anti-Aliasing

One of the most important techniques in making eye-catching and smooth graphics is anti-aliasing. In the context of rasterizing images, anti-aliasing refers to the reduction of the jagged borders between colors.

RGB Mode

CMYK Mode

Rasterizing is the

process of

converting vector

image to raster

images.

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File Operations

New Image

When you run Photoshop for the first time, unlike most of the other programs, you will not see a blank file. You need to use the New File dialog box to create a new file.

To create a new file:

1. Select File -> New. The New dialog box opens.

2. Name: Write the name of the image file 3. Preset: To specify the size of image you

may either use preset or width - height options.

4. Resolution: Resolution refers the number of pixels per inch. Generally image resolution is 72 dpi, which is well enough for web images. But for printing purposes we need to create our document at 300 dpi. Increasing dpi of an image increases the size of the file too. Therefore we use 72 dpi or web graphics to open the web site quickly on the Internet.

Color Mode

Color mode shows how the colors are recorded in the file. For example;

RGB Red, Green, Blue

CMYK Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black

Gray Scale 256 shades of gray

Background Contents

Every image by default has a background layer. It is different than any other layer that we work with.

White Background color will be white

Background Color You can set background color on the toolbar

Transparent Background will be transparent (No color)

New Dialog Box



File Formats

Before you save a file in Photoshop, you should decide which file format you will need. You can save a file in about 20 different file formats. The most common formats and their usages are listed below.

Format Layers Usage Explanation

PSD Yes General (Photoshop Format)

PSD is the default file format of Photoshop. PSD files keep layers information to maintain the original image for future use.

BMP No Windows applications, wallpapers

Windows bitmap file format.

EPS No Publishing The most popular file format for publishing.

GIF No Web design, animation Due to its low file size, gif is a common web file format and suitable for animations.

JPG No Web design, Photo The most used photo and web images format. Difference between GIF and JPG is supported color. GIF can include 256 colors, JPG more than 16.7 million colors.

PDF Yes e-book Adobe's Portable Document Format

TIFF Yes Publishing TIFF and EPS are the two most accepted file formats for publishing. TIFF also keeps layers information like PSD.

Three Background Contents

Usage of File Formats

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On the table, you can compare the file size of the picture below in different file formats. The image size of the picture is 580px X 396px. The file size depends on the quality and compression of the file format and keeping layer information making file size bigger. That's why PSD and TIFF have such big file sizes.

Saving Files

Saving a file is very important for Photoshop. In Photoshop, you can save a file in two different file formats to use in the future. PSD and TIFF are the most important file formats to keep layer information. You have to save your project in the PSD format to edit in the future. Select File -> Save As and then choose the file format according to your need.

Format Qulity Size

PSD Uncompressed 4050 KB

BMP 24 Bit 672 KB

EPS 1 bit/pixel 1197 KB

GIF 126 KB

JPG Maximum 302 KB

JPG High 120 KB

JPG Medium 69 KB

JPG Low 57 KB

PDF 3469 KB

TIFF Uncompressed 4194 KB

TIFF LZW (No Layers) 448 KB

Size of Picture Formats

Save As Dialog Box Supported File Types by Photoshop CS3



Opening Files

To open an existing file choose; File -> Open. Find the picture and click on it. The appearance of the picture will be in the preview window. Click open if it's the file that you need. You may also make multiple selections by pressing the CTRL Key to open more than one file.

Browsing Files

Adobe Bridge CS3 is an external program, provided with Adobe Creative Suite 3 components, to organize and browse images easily. From Bridge you can view, search, sort, filter, manage, and process image, video, and audio files. You can sort images by filename, document type, date created or modified, file size, and dimension. You can use Bridge to rename, move, and delete files; edit metadata; rotate images; and run batch commands. When you rotate an image you only rotate the view of the image. Rotating does not affect the image data. You can also view files and data imported from your digital still or video camera.

Batch Rename Files

You can rename files and folders in a group, or batch. When you batch rename files, you can choose the same settings for all the selected files or folders. When you need to rename files in an order (image01, image02, image03...) batch rename is the best command to use. Hundreds of files can be renamed in a minute by using batch rename command.

Open Dialog Box

Images may be filtered by

keywords, date created, date

modified, orientation, and

aspect ratio. By clicking on one

of the criteria you can display

images containing that

criteria.

Browsing only Landscape Images

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Batch Rename Options

To batch rename files;

• Select the files or folders

• Choose Tools -> Batch Rename

• Set the Destination Folder option.

• Rename in same folder: Renames files' names

• Move to other folder: Renames files' names and moves to

another folder.

• Copy to other folder: Renames files' names and copy to

another folder.

• Set the New Filenames option.

• Text: Changes filename text.

• Sequence Number: The number

automatically increments for each file

named.

• You can click the plus button (+) or minus button (-) to add or delete elements. A preview of the new filename appears at the bottom of the dialog box.

• Click Rename button.

Renaming Batch Files

After Renaming Files



PRACTICE

Create a new page according to the following criteria:

Width: 500 pixel

Height: 300 pixel

Resolution: 300

Color mode: RGB

Background contents: Transparent

Save as ‘yourname’.jpg

Open grapes.jpg file

save as PSD, BMP, EPS, GIF, PDF and TIFF

put all files in a folder

compare their sizes (fill the table)

thick if MS Paint can open or not (fill the table)

Format Size Open in Paint?

JPG

PSD

BMP

EPS

GIF

PDF

TIFF

Extract the file seasons.rar. Save the pictures with the name of the seasons on them in TIFF format.

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Layers

LAYERS

Layer Essentials

Layers in Photoshop are just like layers of acetate where each image has its own layer to build up a composite image. Each layer has its own transparency, position and can be edited independently.

Layers are fundamental part of Photoshop and it is essential for us to learn how they interact well if we want to use Photoshop effectively. To understand benefit of layers, we can think of an artist creating his masterpiece. He must work with zero mistakes to finish his job. Because applying a small brush stroke to a wrong part or using an inappropriate color on small surface can spoil the whole work and he has to start from the beginning again. But in Photoshop we have layers to help us edit, modify, colorize different parts of artworks free from their other parts. So any mistake you make only effects a limited area that can be fixed easily. In these pictures you see a clown. As you see his nose is a different layer (nose). Because Photoshop only does changes on selected layer(s) we are able to change his nose to blue.

Layer Window

1. Set the blending mode for the layer 2. Layer opacity 3. Fill opacity affects pixels painted in

a layer or shapes drawn on a layer without affecting the opacity of any layer effects that have been applied to the layer.

4. Layer options window 5. Hide/Unhide 6. Layer preview and layer name 7. Link layers 8. Add a layer style 9. Add layer mask 10. Create new fill or adjustment layer. 11. Create a new group 12. Create a new layer 13. Delete layer

To display layers

panel click on

Window -> Layers

1 2

3

4

5 6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Layer Palette


254 Layers

Layer menu

We can also click on "new

layer" icon on the layers panel

to create a new layer

New Layer

To create a new layer, we simply click on Layer -> New Layer. Once we do that, a new layer is created on the top of our layer stack. Open the file ‘daisies.psd’ and create a new layer.

Renaming a Layer

To rename a layer, simply double click on the layer name and change its name. On ‘daisies.psd’ rename the new layer you created as empty layer.

Moving a Layer

The easiest method to move a selection or a layer from one document to another is the drag and drop method. Using the move tools drag and drop the layer on any part of the other document. You will see the moved layer on top of all the layers. To do this both of the documents should be open and the document windows should be in restore mode.

Open ‘daisies.psd’ and ‘butterflies.psd’. When ‘butterflies.psd’ is the active window click on ‘butterfly 1’ layer and drag it into ‘daisies.psd’, and Save As daisies and ‘butterflies.psd’.

New Layer Dialog Box

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Layers

Before Merging After Merging

Duplicating a Layer

By duplicating a layer, we produce a copy of all items in that layer. To duplicate a layer, first we select the layer by clicking on it once then we follow the Layer -> Duplicate Layer path. The other way for duplicating a layer is right-clicking on the layer and dragging the layer to the New Layer icon.

Open the file daisies and ‘butterflies.psd’ and duplicate ‘butterfly 1’ layer. Then by using the move tool move the duplicated butterfly somewhere else in the picture.

Deleting a Layer

To delete a layer we click on Layer -> Delete Layer or we drag and drop the layer to the trash bin which is located at the right bottom corner of the panel.

Open the file daisies and ‘butterflies.psd’ and delete ‘butterfly 2’ layer.

Hide/Show Layers

To hide a layer, we first select the layer by clicking on it once then we follow Layer -> Hide Layers path. The shortest way to hide a layer is to click on the eye icon on the left side of the layer. To unhide a layer, we click to Layer -> Show Layers or click on the empty box on the left side of the layer to bring back the eye symbol for making the layer visible.

Merging Layers

Sometimes we need to combine all layers in one layer. This is called "merging layers" in Photoshop. Merging layers do not change any effect given to the layers. To merge layers, we first select the layers by pressing the Shift key while clicking on them. Then we follow Layer -> Merge Layers path.


256 Layers

Before Linking After Linking

Moving layers Out of a Group

Group Layers Icon Hide/Show group Layers

Linking Layers

We link layers to move them all together. To link layers, we select all the layers we want to link by pressing the Shift key while clicking on them. Then we follow the Layer -> Link Layers path. The better option for linking layers is clicking on the Link Layers icon after selecting the layers. To unlink layers, select layers and follow the Layer -> Unlink Layers path or just select the layers and click on the Link Layer icon again. Open the files daisies.psd and butterflies.psd. On the butterflies.psd, link ‘butterfly 1’ and the ‘butterfly 2’ layers, and move them to the file daisies.psd. As you will see both of the layers will be moved to the daisies.psd file together.

Grouping Layers

Grouping layers has two main advantages.

1. Grouped layers can be edited, modified, moved, given effects together.

2. Grouping layers helps us to organize the Layers panel when we are working with many layers.

To group layers, first we select the layers and click Layer -> Group Layers. The second way is to drag the selected layers to the Group Layers icon below the Layers panel.

We can hide/show grouped layers by clicking on the arrow given above.

To move a layer out of a group, drag and drop the layer above the group folder.

To give a name to a group, same as renaming layers, double click on the group name and type it's new name.

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Layers

Transparent Background

Color Background

Background Layers

There are three kinds of background layers in Photoshop. These are transparent backgrounds, color backgrounds and picture backgrounds. When creating a new file, if we define the Background Content as transparent, there will be no color on the background. For colored background, before creating a new file we change the background color from toolbox. Then we select background color from the Background Contents box

while creating a new file. When we open a new picture in Photoshop, by default picture becomes the background layer.

The background layers do not support transparency, which means when we make a selection on the background layer and delete it, we fill the selection with the current background color.

If we want the background layer to be editable, we need to convert it to a layer. To do this, we need to double click on the Background layer on the Layers Panel and give it a name. The converted layer will support transparency.

Sometimes we might need to convert a layer to a background layer as well. In such cases you need to follow Layer -> New -> Layer from Background.

Picture Background

Deleting a Selection on the Background Layer Deleting a Selection on a Layer Which is

Converted from Background Layer


258 Layers

The sun is in front of waves Waves are in front of the sun

Opacity

A layer's opacity determines to what degree it obscures or reveals the layer beneath it. A layer with 1% opacity appears nearly transparent, whereas one with 100% opacity appears completely opaque.

Open the ‘wall_clock.psd’. As you see on the picture we have four wall locks which all have an opacity of 100 percent.

Now select the layers one by one and change their opacity to different values.

Fill Opacity

While opacity affects the opaqueness of the whole layer including layer effects, fill only affects the layer content, but not layer effects.

You see two clocks and their opacity and fill values on the left. After giving drop shadow effect, we see that because opacity is applied even to effects the shadow is a bit lighter than the one on its left.

Layer Order

On layers panel, the layer above is always in front of the other.

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Layers

red_ulips.psd sea.psd

Vivid Lighten Lighten

Blending Mode

The blending mode controls how pixels are affected after painting or editing. By changing the blending mode of a layer, we mix the colors of the layer with the layer beneath it. Each mode gives a different result, since ways of mixing is different for each blending mode.

Example

Open the images red_tulips.psd and sea.psd.

Drag and drop the Red Tulips onto the sea file by using the Move tool. Place the red tulip so as to cover the whole of canvas.

Change the blending mode of the Red Tulips layer to the Lighten and the Vivid Light modes.


260 Layers

Layer Style

Layer Style menu allows us to customize various layer effects and blend selected contents from multiple layers.

If we have a look at the Layer Style menu, on the left side we see different layer effects. To apply any of those effects, we click on its name on the left side and change the settings of the effects which will come to the middle of the menu. To apply more than one effect, we tick on the box of each effect we want to add.

Here are some effects given to the file’ clover.psd’.

PRACTICE

1. Positioning Layers

Open the file badge.psd and make a security officer badge

2. Making a Vegetable Woman by Using Layers

• Open all pictures under the vegetable folder. • Open pumpkin.psd. • Move the vegetables into pumpkin.psd file and by using

the layer features, try to make a vegetable woman like in the picture.

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Introduction to Illustrator

Introduction to Adobe Illustrator

Adobe Illustrator is a vector-based drawing program that is often used for graphic design. Utilizing the program will help you create complicated patterns and designs faster and more efficiently than one normally could on pencil and paper or other traditional methods.

Keyboard shortcuts

Adobe actually has a comprehensive library of ‘keyboard shortcuts’ for all their programs. However we have made a small list of more useful keyboard shortcuts that you will find useful on your journey as a designer.

SHIFT – holding shift while moving and object will ensure that it moves in a straight line

Ctrl G, this command is for grouping objects

– to flip and object

R – to rotate an object

Alt Shift ] or [ – to move an object to the front or back

Ctrl 2 – to lock an object

It’s also possible to set your own keyboard shortcuts or import a custom set that others have set up and optimized for your designing experience.

Making Basic Shapes in Adobe Illustrator

Up in the depth of your tool palette is the shape tool.

If you hold down the mouse key on the shape tool button then a menu will appear with a list of shapes (or shape menu) for you to choose from like in the shape below.

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Clicking on the arrow to the side of the shape menu allows the shape menu to pop out in a separate window: Now you’re ready to make your first shape!

You’ll notice that when you select a shape and click on your new document that the shape is stamped onto your page. However if you hold down the click and drag the mouse you can adjust the size of the shape. You may have also noticed that you can rotate the shape if you drag it in circles.

Holding down the SHIFT button as you drag your shape will ensure your shape stays proportional as you change the size of the shape. When you hold down ALT, it centers your shape in its position while you decide on the size and rotational angle of your shape. Holding down CTRL will give the shape a similar effect as hold down alt except it lets you position and angle the shape from the left side of the shape rather than from the center. Don’t worry about getting your shape perfect. You can always change the aspects of your shape later by clicking on it with the Selection Tool (located at the top left corner of your tool palette) and dragging the corners of the selection box.

It is also possible for you to change the number of points your shape normally has by clicking on it with the Shape Tool and adjusting the points section in the menu that pops up. This is how you create freak-of-nature-shapes such as the 110-point star.

So now we have a shape. It’s not quite as beautiful as we would like is it? Luckily, Illustrator has plenty of tools that will assist you in pimping out your custom shape.

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Fill and Stroke Tools

The fill color will always default to white however if you double click on the tool then a color menu opens up for you to choose your own custom color. After you choose a new color and click OK, your shape will automatically be filled with the color of your choosing.

The stroke of the shape can be treated the same way however if you decide not to have a stroke then just simply click the tiny red striped square below the Stroke tool to cancel out the stroke.

The Pathfinder palette lets you create new shapes from overlapping objects. Just select the objects you would like to combine with the Selection tool and click on the effect that you want in the Pathfinder palette. The palette provides four different effects for shapes. You can either combine two or multiple shapes into a one unique shape.

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You can also minus the object(s) that are in front.

You can also intersect two of the objects or exclude the space in-between them.

http://design.creativefan.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Image-8.png



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Most objects and graphics in Illustrator can be created by combining and transforming shapes creating enough possibilities to make Picasso jealous.

PRACTICE

Create a project in illustrator that consists of shapes. These shapes should make a meaning shape (like an animal).


266 Review Questions

QUESTIONS

1. The most powerful image modification program is;

a. Illustrator

b. Dreamweaver

c. Photoshop CS3

d. Microsoft Word

e. Paint

2. What tool is missing from this pop-up tool list?

a. Sponge Tool

b. Rectangular Marquee Tool

c. Magnetic Lasso Tool

d. Brush Tool

e. Elliptical Tool

3. Which of these is not a color mode?

a. RGB

b. Mask Color

c. Gray Scale

d. CMYK

e. None of above

4. Which one is not one of the tools in the Photoshop CS3 Toolbar?

a. Color Range Selection

b. Lasso Tool

c. Gradient Tool

d. Type Mask Tool

e. Brush Tool

5. Which of the following cannot you do with Photoshop?

a. Create Flash movies

b. Restore old photographs

c. Create original artwork

d. Open .jpg files

e. Modify images

6. Which of the File Formats can keep layer information?

a. .bmp b. .gif

c. .psd d. .jpg

e. .png

7. Which of the following can you not define in a New Dialog Box?

a. Resolution

b. File Extension

c. Color Mode

d. Width

e. Height

8. Clicking and holding the mouse button on a toolbar icon does what?

a. Shows additional tools related to that tool

b. Opens Save As dialog box

c. Locks that tool

d. Shows help text for that tool

e. Closes the toolbar

9. CS3 stands for

a. Counter Strike

b. Creative Studio

c. Color System

d. Computer Science

e. Computer System

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Review Questions

10. Layers in Photoshop are

a. filters that have been applied to the image

b. images stacked on top of each other

c. color models

d. color and brightness correction

e. they are not objects of Photoshop

11. Which of the following ways cannot bring up the Layer Styles/Blending Options dialog box?

a. Double click on the layer's long bar in the layers palette (not the name)

b. Right click on the layer long bar and choose Blending Options

c. Use the lower left fly-up menu and choose a layer style

d. Double click on the layer name

e. None of above

12. If we want to give the same Layer Style to more than one layer, which one is the best method given below?

a. Duplicating them

b. Selecting them

c. Linking them

d. Merging them

e. Deleting them

13. Which cannot be done by using the icon below?

a. Creating a new layer

b. Creating a layer group

c. Duplicating layer groups

d. Duplicating layers

e. None of above

14. Which Layer Style effects are given to the shape below?

I. Drop shadow II. Bevel and Emboss III. Outer Glow IV. Pattern overlay

a. I-II b. I-IV

c. I-II-III d. I-III-IV

e. II-III

15. You see a diamond, an empty circle and a star on the picture in the right. All shapes are in different layers. Which one is the correct order of the layers?

a. Circle, star, diamond b. Circle, diamond, star c. Star, diamond, circle d. Star, circle, diamond e. Diamond, circle, star


268 Review Questions

16. Which file format is not supported by Photoshop?

a. .bmp

b. .png

c. .jpg

d. .jpg

e. .mp3

17. Which function is used to copy all items in the layer to a new layer?

a. Deleting the layer

b. Duplicating the layer

c. Linking the layer

d. Moving the layer

e. Renaming the layer

18. Which one is the program to browse and organize images easily inside Photoshop?

a. Adobe Bridge

b. Adobe Dreamweaver

c. HTML

d. Java

e. C++

19. Which one is a vector-based drawing program that is often used for graphic design?

a. Photoshop

b. Dreamweaver

c. Flash

d. Illustrator

e. Bridge

20. Which short cut key is used to group objects in Illustrator?

a. Ctrl + A

b. Ctrl + R

c. Ctrl + P

d. Ctrl + C

e. Ctrl + G

Documents

Chapter - 6: Basics of Photoshop CS3 & Illustrator · PDF fileChapter - 6: Basics of Photoshop CS3 & Illustrator 242 Introduction to Photoshop INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOSHOP Adobe Photoshop