Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Nucleus: Chromatin v. chromosomes Nucleolus synthesizes ribosomes Nuclear pores. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Nucleus: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Ribosomes: Build proteins Can be free or bound to ER or to nuclear envelope. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Ribosomes: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Endomembrane system: ER Golgi Lysosomes Vacuoles All connected directly or through vesicles. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Endoplasmic reticulum: Continuous with nuclear envelope Network of cisternae Smooth vs. rough. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes Synthesizes lipids Synthesizes steroid hormones Stores Ca +2 in muscle Detoxifies poisons in liver. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Rough ER: Has bound ribosomes Produces cell membrane Produces secretory proteins Products distributed by vesicles. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Endoplasmic reticulum: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Golgi Apparatus: Finishes, sorts, and ships products Stacks of cisternae Cis face and trans face Also synthesizes some macromolecules on its own. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Golgi Apparatus: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Lysosomes: Digestive compartments Hydrolytic enzymes Recycling Phagocytosis Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Vacuoles: Diverse functions Plants have large central vacuole Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Mitochondria: Cellular respiration Outer & inner membranes, cristae Matrix & intermembrane space Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell cristae cisternae intermembrane space matrix Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Mitochondria: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis using chlorophyll Two membranes surround stroma Thylakoids stacked into grana Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis using chlorophyll Two membranes surround stroma Thylakoids stacked into grana stroma stoma Intermembrane space stroma lumen stoma Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Chloroplasts: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Peroxisomes: Generate and degrade H 2 O 2. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Cytoskeleton: Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate filaments. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Microtubules: Grow from centrosome Shape the cell Guide movement of organelles Help separate chromosomes in cell division Cilia and flagella are microtubule doublets with dynein. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Microtubules: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Microtubules: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Microtubules: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Microtubules: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Microfilaments: Thin rods of actin Muscle contraction Amoeboid movement Cytoplasmic streaming Support for microvilli. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Microfilaments: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Microfilaments: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Microfilaments: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Microfilaments: Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Intermediate filaments: Dont worry about them. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Cell walls: Cell walls around plant cells are made mostly of cellulose. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Extra-cellular matrix (ECM): Support Adhesion Movement Regulation Animal cells secrete glycoproteins Collagen, etc. Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Extra-cellular matrix (ECM): Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell Intercellular junctions: In plants: Plasmodesmata In animals: Tight junctions Desmosomes Gap junctions. .