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Chapter 6 – Digestive Systems

Name: ________________________________Introduction

What I Think I Know Confirmed Misconceptions New Information Questions

Name: ________________________________

Vocabulary

Directions: Using your textbook, provide a definition in your own words for each of the terms below. Be sure that you understand the definition you are writing.

digestion – _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

esophagus – _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

saliva – _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

peristalsis – _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

liver – ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

bile – _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

pancreas – _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

enzyme – __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

bolus – _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

chyme – ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

villi – _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

gall bladder – ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Overview

Key Ideas NotesWhat is it for?

What does it do?

It’s all connected

Gastrointestinal Tract

Accessory Organs

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The Mouth & Esophagus

Key Ideas NotesThe Mouth - Salivary Glands

Chewing

Saliva is produced by salivary glands________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Left: The gastrointestinal tract is approximately 8 meters long!

Above: Accessory organs of the digestive system

Swallowing

The Esophagus

Esophageal Sphincter

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A flap, called the epiglottis flips down to cover the larynx when you swallow.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Peristalsis controls the movement of the bolus instead of allowing it to freefall into the stomach.________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What would happen if it was absent or malfunctioning?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Stomach & Small Intestine

Key Ideas NotesAnatomy

Gastric Juice

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sphincters on either end: esophageal for entry from the esophagus , pyloric for exit into the duodenum

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Why isn’t it full of digestive compounds all the time?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.Hydrochloric acid: A very strong acid with a pH around 2-3.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.Pepsin: A protease enzyme for digesting proteins ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Protective Measures

Absorption - Stomach

Leaving the stomach

Small Intestine

Surface Area

Why doesn’t the stomach digest itself? It is full of acid and protein digesting enzymes! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Chyme is a liquid mixture of partially digested food, acid, water and enzymes________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What types of food have been digested so far?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1. Duodenum________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Jejunum________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Ileum________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What are the primary functions of the small intestine?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Absorption – Small Intestine

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Accessory Organs

Key Ideas NotesPancreas ________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The pancreas also releases important enzymes for digestion of macromoleculesCarbohydrates: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Proteins: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chemical Digestion

Fats: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Liver ________________________________________________________________________________________________Produces bile, an emulsifier, which is stored in the gall bladder________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Gall Bladder________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Macromolecule Digestion

Macromolecule Location(s) of Digestion

Final Product of Digestion

Enzyme(s) Origin of Enzyme

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

Digestive System Regulation

Key Ideas NotesRegulation

Gastrin

Secretin

CCK

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What it does: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Triggered by: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Inhibited by: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Other Info: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What it does: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Triggered by: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What it does: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Triggered by: ________________________________________________________________________________

The Large Intestine

Key Ideas NotesLarge Intestine _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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Rectum & Anus

Diarrhea

Water Treatment

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Feces is a good indicator of digestive system health:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Digestive System Disorders

Key Ideas NotesMouth & Salivary Gland

Esophagus

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Morning breath – when you sleep, saliva production reduces, allowing bacteria to multiply

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Stomach

Intestines

Celiac Disease

Liver

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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A genetic disorder where the immune system damages villi in the small intestine as a reaction to ingesting gluten (a compound found in wheat)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Healthy Lifestyles

Key Ideas NotesHealthy Eating

Paleo Diet

Physical Activity

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Review Questions

1. Describe the digestion processes the begin in the mouth, including key players, enzymes, and macromolecules involved.

2. How does food move through the esophagus?

3. What is the structure that controls the movement of food from the esophagus into the stomach?

4. Describe what happens to food, both physically and chemically for it to become a bolus and then chyme.

5. What is the function of pepsin?

6. What is the importance of mechanical digestion for the digestive system? What would happen if it did not take place?

7. Describe the structures that maximize the surface area in the small intestine. Why is this important?

8. How do secretions from the pancreas, liver and gall bladder aid digestion? What other organs secrete enzymes to aid in digestion?

9. Most digestive enzymes are secreted into the small intestine. Thinking about the structure of enzymes and how they function, suggest why these enzymes are secreted here instead of in the stomach.

10. What is acid reflux/ GERD?

11. What is an ulcer? What is it caused by?

12. What happens when the villi in the small intestine become damaged or flattened?

Health & The Digestive System Video Questions

1. What happens if food moves too quickly through the intestines? Too slowly?

2. Heartburn happens when stomach acid flows past the esophageal sphincter and into the esophagus. What are some common causes of heartburn?

3. What is the difference between regular heartburn and GERD?

4. What is the true cause of ulcers?

5. What is lactose intolerance?

6. What does undigested lactose do to the intestines?

7. What is a colonoscopy? What is it used to detect?

8. How could colon cancer deaths be prevented?