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Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 – Welding in detailing
5.1 Welding of skew plates - Rules
Web thickness
Angle (0) 1
85 80 75 70 65 60 Less than 60
5 mmDo=6mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
7 mmDo=6mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
8 mmDo=6mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
10 mmDo=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
12 mmDo=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=8mmDa=5mmprep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
13 mmDo=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=8mmDa=5mmprep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
15 mmDo=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=8mmDa=5mmprep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
16 mmDo=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=8mmDa=5mmprep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
18 mmDo=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=8mmDa=5mmprep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
19 mmDo=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=8mmDa=5mmprep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
22 mmDo=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=8mmDa=5mmprep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
26 mmDo=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=8mmDa=5mmprep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
29 mmDo=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep Pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=8mmDa=5mmprep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
51 mmDo=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=6mmDa=5mmprep pl
Do=8mmDa=5mmprep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
Chapter 5 5-1
D902 = 5 mm (3/16)
Welding in Detailing
Web thickness
Angle (0) 2
85 80 75 70 65 60 Less than 60
5 mmDo=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
7 mmDo=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
8 mmDo=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
10 mmDo=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
12 mmDo=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
13 mmDo=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
15 mmDo=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
16 mmDo=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
18 mmDo=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
19 mmDo=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
22 mmDo=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
26 mmDo=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
29 mmDo=10mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
51 mmDo=12mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Do=8mmDa=5mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
Chapter 5 5-2
D902 = 6 mm (1/4)
Welding in Detailing
Web thickness
Angle (0) 3
85 80 75 70 65 60 Less than 60
5 mmDo=10mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
7 mmDo=10mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
8 mmDo=10mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
10 mmDo=10mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=6mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
12 mmDo=10mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=6mmPrep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
13 mmDo=10mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=6mmPrep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
15 mmDo=10mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=6mmPrep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
16 mmDo=10mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=6mmPrep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
18 mmDo=10mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=6mmPrep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
19 mmDo=10mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=6mmPrep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
22 mmDo=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=6mmPrep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
26 mmDo=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=6mmPrep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
29 mmDo=12mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=6mmPrep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
51 mmDo=14mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=8mmPrep Pl
Do=10mmDa=6mmPrep Pl
Use shear Pl
connection
Chapter 5 5-3
D902 = 8 mm (5/16)
Welding in Detailing
Web thickness
Angle (0) 4
85 80 75 70 65 60 Less than 60
5 mmDo=12mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
7 mmDo=12mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
8 mmDo=12mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
10 mmDo=12mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=18mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Do=18mmDa=8mm
No prep req’d
Use shear Pl
connection
12 mmDo=12mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mmprep pl
Do=14mmDa=8mmprep pl
Use shear Pl
connection
13 mmDo=12mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=18mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=8mmprep pl
Do=14mmDa=8mmprep pl
Use shear Pl
connection
15 mmDo=12mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=8mmprep pl
Do=14mmDa=8mmprep pl
Use shear Pl
connection
16 mmDo=12mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=8mmprep pl
Do=14mmDa=8mmprep pl
Use shear Pl
connection
18 mmDo=12mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=8mmprep pl
Do=14mmDa=8mmprep pl
Use shear Pl
connection
19 mmDo=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=18mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=8mmprep pl
Do=14mmDa=8mmprep pl
Use shear Pl
connection
22 mmDo=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=8mmprep pl
Do=14mmDa=8mmprep pl
Use shear Pl
connection
26 mmDo=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=8mmprep pl
Do=14mmDa=8mmprep pl
Use shear Pl
connection
29 mmDo=14mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=8mmprep pl
Do=14mmDa=8mmprep pl
Use shear Pl
connection
51 mmDo=16mmDa=10mm
No prep req’d
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=10mm
prep pl
Do=12mmDa=8mmprep pl
Do=14mmDa=8mmprep pl
Use shear Pl
connection
Chapter 5 5-4
D902 = 10 mm (3/8)
Welding in Detailing
COMPLETE PENETRATIONNote: For a complete penetration you do not need a “root face”
Always point with a broken arrowhead the piece that will be prepared.
Chapter 5 5-5
COMPLETE PENETRATIONWhen you have an in shop complete penetration weld, you must avoid using the backing bars. But if the weld is made on site, you must use the backing bars.Always point with a broken arrowhead the piece that will be prepared.
Show the opening “0” only at the bottom.Always point with a broken arrowhead the piece to be prepared.
5.2 Complete penetration type plate - examples
6
Welding in Detailing
5. 3 Minimum size of Fillet Welds
See 5-67 – Allowable Stress Design (9-th edition)
IMPERIAL
Material thickness of thicker Part joined Minimum Size of Fillet * Weld
To ¼ inclusive 1/8
Over ¼ to ½ 3/16
Over ½ to ¾ ¼
Over ¾ 5/16
* Leg dimension of fillet welds. Single-pass welds must be used.
METRIC
Material thickness of thicker Part joined Minimum Size of Fillet * Weld
To 6 inclusive 3
Over 6 to 13 5
Over 13 to 19 6
Over 19 8
* Leg dimension of fillet welds. Single-pass welds must be used.
5.4 All around weld examples
Chapter 5 5-6
Welding in Detailing
5.5 Welding recommendation
Chapter 5 5-7
NOT OK
Welding in Detailing
1- Complete penetration Welding
1.1-Main MaterialThis Type of weld is encountered when splicing W,I,C and L section, or whenever required.
Chapter 5 5-8
To reduce the work on site it is requested a 6’’ (150 mm) of no paint
for welding. Inform yourself if the “NO PAINT” is necessary according to the
project paint.
Thickness 5/16”
Thickness 5/16” & 2”
Thickness of more then 2”
6Requirement 150 mm
Welding in Detailing
1.2- Hardware Element When complete penetration welding is requested to fix the pieces (plates) acting as
components of a structural member, we will use the following symbols according to their
thickness.
2- End plate for tubular columnIn order to minimize the welding and grinding for a tack weld on the entire profile
perimeter, it is requested to specify the plate dimensions less ¼” of the nominal
dimensions of the plate.
Chapter 5 5-9
a)Thickness 3/8 ”
b)Thickness 3/8” & 3/4”
c)Thickness of more then 3/4”
EXCEPTION OF HARDWARE ELEMENT
* At butt joint only
For Material ≤ 1’’ (use Method “a”) For Material > 1’’ (use Method “b”or “c”)
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-10
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-11
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-12
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-13
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-14
Welding in Detailing
5.6 Minimum preheat temperatures
In welding, it is recommended to ensure that materials are at a sufficient temperature to
prevent cracking of the base or deposit metal. Using the table below along with heat
indicating pencil ensure that the temperature of pieces in the weld area are equal or greater
to those indicated in the table. Remember, the minimum temperature must be verified on the
thickest piece in contact with the weld.
THICKNESS OF THICKEST PART AT POINT OF
WELDING
STEEL CHARACTERISTICS
STEEL GRADES
36, 44, 50 or 55 Ksi
STEEL GRADES
60 Ksi and more
Up to 20 mm (3/4”) None • 10° C (50°F)
Over 20 mm (314”)
to 40 mm (1 1/2’)
10° C (50°F) 60°C (140°F)
Over 40 mm (11/2”)
- to 60 mm (2 3/6
65°C (150°F) 110°C (230°F)
Over 60 mm (2 3/6 107°C (225°F) 150°C (305°F)
* - When the base metal temperature is below 0°C (32°F), the steel shall be preheated to at
least 10°C (50°F) and this temperature maintained during welding.
Chapter 5 5-15
Welding in Detailing
5.7 Welding Standard Symbols
Chapter 5 5-16
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-17
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-18
OR
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-19
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-20
OR
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-21
OR
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-22
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-23
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-24
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-25
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-26
Welding in Detailing
Chapter 5 5-27
Welding in Detailing
5.8 Typical note Utilisation on weld symbol
-Put and use the TYP. In the tail of weld symbol only for submaterial which have
the same mark.If you have 2 similar submaterials with 2 different marks,
weld symbol is needed on each of them.
Example:
Chapter 5 5-28
