Chapter 5: Water Efficiency - Amazon S3 · Chapter 5: Water Efficiency 1 ... •Density of plantation 8 ... Dishwashers, Ice machines, Food steamers Regulated by Plumbing codes

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Chapter 5: Water Efficiency

1 © 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives

• Outdoor water use reduction & Outdoor water use reduction

• Indoor water use reduction & Indoor water use reduction

• Building-level water metering & Water metering

• Cooling tower water use


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• Protect natural water resources

• Reduce the demand on municipal water supply systems

• Reduce the load on sewage treatment system

• Reduce the energy usage of buildings by reducing the load on water heating and pumping systems


Significance

Waste Water

Gray Water •Bath Tubs •Showers •Laundry •Lavatory Faucets

Black Water •Toilets •Urinals

•Kitchen Sink •Dishwasher

Neither Black Nor Gray, depends on plumbing code and regulations followed by the project


Understanding Gray and Black Water

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Outdoor Water Use Reduction


• To reduce outdoor water consumption.

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Intent

© 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved.

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Strategies & Implementation


Water consumption of a landscape depends on

• Species factor

• Irrigation efficiency

• Microclimate

• Density of plantation


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• Use Native or Adaptive plants

• Avoid Invasive plants

• Reduce turf/grass area.

• Consider Xeriscaping


Species factor: Type of plants

• Use drip irrigation. Efficiency of drip irrigation =90%, Efficiency of sprinkler=65%

• Use moisture sensors, Weather based controls to increase the irrigation efficiency


Type of Irrigation system

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• Consider using non Potable water for irrigation.

• Refer to local codes


Non Potable Water for Irrigation

Baseline and Design Case Water Consumption

• Use EPA Water sense water budget tool

• Baseline water consumption – Standard irrigation practices, potable water for irrigation

• Design case water consumption – As designed

• 30% water use reduction is a prerequisite

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• Sub-meter & track water consumed for irrigation

• Schedule routine maintenance of irrigation

• Use mulching to hold moisture for longer duration

• Maintain Optimum lawn height


Operation & Maintenance Practices

Indoor Water Use Reduction


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• To reduce indoor water consumption.

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Intent




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Indoor Water Consumption

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Plumbing Fixtures – Showers, Water closets, Urinals, wash basins and kitchen sinks

Appliances: Washing Machines, Dishwashers, Ice machines, Food steamers

Regulated by Plumbing codes Not regulated by plumbing codes

Water Closets/Toilets


Maximum Allowable Flow rate

1.6 gpf

Reference Standard

EPAct 1992

Efficient Choices • High Efficient Toilets(1.28 gpf or lesser, dual flush toilets)

• Composite /Water less or dry toilets

• Non Potable water for flushing

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Urinals

Standard flow rate 1 gpf

Reference Standard

EPAct 1992

Efficient Choices • Low flow Urinals(0.5 gpf or less)

• Waterless Urinals • Non Potable

water for flushing


Showers

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Standard flow rate 2.5 gpm

Reference Standard

EPAct 1992

Efficient Choices • Low flow showers(1.8 gpm or less)

http://www.plumbingsupply.com/water-saving-urinals.html

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Kitchen & Private Faucets


Standard flow rate 2.2 gpm

Reference Standard

EPAct 1992

Efficient Choices • Low flow faucets(1.5 gpm or less)

Public/Non Residential Faucets


Standard flow rate 0.5 gpm - Normal 0.25 gal/cycle – metered faucets

Reference Standard

UPC/IPC 2006

Efficient Choices • Metered Faucets less than 0.25 gal/cycle

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Reference Standards

• EPAct 1992: U.S. act addresses energy and water use in commercial, institutional, and residential facilities.

• EPAct 2005: became U.S. law in August 2005.

• Uniform Plumbing Code: Developed by IAPMO, defines water-conserving fixtures and fittings for water closets, urinals, and metered faucets.

• International Plumbing Code: Developed by International Code Council, IPC defines maximum flow rates and consumption for plumbing fixtures and fittings, including public and private lavatories, showerheads, sink faucets, urinals, and water closets


Water Sense

• Water Sense is US EPA’s certification program which certifies performance criteria of Water Efficient Products


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• Treat waste water onsite to tertiary standards.

• Treated waste water shall be used on site or infiltrated


Treat & Reuse waste water onsite

Use Energy Star certified appliance


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Baseline and Design Case Water Consumption

• Baseline water consumption – Occupancy, Fixture flow rate as per the standard

• Design case water consumption – Occupancy, actual flow rate of fixture

• 20% water use reduction – prerequisite


•Residents

•FTE

•Transient Occupants

Occupancy Types


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• Sub-meter & track water consumption

• Consider retrofitting faucets and showers with efficient aerators and shower heads

• Consider retrofitting leaky flush valves with efficient ones


Operation & Maintenance Practices

Building-level water metering & Water metering


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• To support water management and identify opportunities for additional water savings by tracking water consumption

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Intent


Water Metering


Building Level Water Metering • Prerequisite

• Commit to share consumption data with USGBC for 5 years

Sub metering • Meter and Monitor water

consumption at end use level like plumbing fixtures, irrigation, cooling tower etc.

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Cooling Tower water use


• To conserve water used for cooling tower makeup while controlling microbes, corrosion, and scale in the condenser water system.

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Intent


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• No once through cooling equipment

• Consider using non potable water

• Maintain higher cycles of concentration.

• Submeter & track water consumption


• Outdoor water use reduction & Outdoor water use reduction

• Indoor water use reduction & Indoor water use reduction

• Building-level water metering & Water metering

• Cooling tower water use

Summary


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Questions? Write your questions in forum section


Documents

Chapter 5: Water Efficiency - Amazon S3 · Chapter 5: Water Efficiency 1 ... •Density of plantation 8 ... Dishwashers, Ice machines, Food steamers Regulated by Plumbing codes