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CHAPTER 5: THINK
Chapter Five:
Think
Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Robert M. Sherfield & Patricia G. Moody, Cornerstone: Creating Success Through Positive Change, 6th Edition, Chapter 5, Slide 1
Critical Thinking Can Help You…• Focus on relevant issues/problems• Gather key information• Understand and organize thoughts and facts• Analyze problems and causes• Mange priorities and develop plans• Assist in problem-solving skills• Help you control your emotional reactions• Produce new knowledge• Help you determine the accuracy of
information• Assist you in detecting bias and persuasion in
argument
Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Robert M. Sherfield & Patricia G. Moody, Cornerstone: Creating Success Through Positive Change, 6th Edition, Chapter 5, Slide 2
Eight Steps to Critical Thinking p. 105
Emotional Intelligence
Knowing how you and others feel and managing those feelings in a rational manner that is good for both parties.
1. Understand & Use Emotional Intelligence
Perceiving emotionsUsing emotions to facilitate thought
Understanding emotionsManaging emotions
Pg. 106
Amygdala
• Part of the brain’s emotional system
• Protects us when we are afraid or upset
• Feelings before thought• “Fight or flight?” based on previous experience
p. 107
2. Look at Things DifferentlyLook at:
Common issues with uncommon eyes Known problems with new skepticism Everyday conflicts with probing curiosity
Daily challenges with attention to detail
Clues and patterns
1. 4 W on a C2. 2 Ps in a P3. 50 S in t U4. I H a D by MLK
3. Asking Questions and Learning to Tolerate Uncertainty
Uncertainty causes humanity to move forward and create new
knowledge, to keep asking questions and
seeking truth,to let go and accept we will not
know all the answers immediately
Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Robert M. Sherfield & Patricia G. Moody, Cornerstone: Creating Success Through Positive Change, 6th Edition, Chapter 5, Slide 10
4. Identify, Define, Narrow, Solve Problems Identify the symptoms Narrow the issue to find the root
problem Research and develop a variety of
solutions Evaluate all of the possible solutions Solve the problem and evaluate the
results
Problem Solving
5. Making Intelligent DecisionsAvoid making arbitrary decisions, use a system to make decisions instead Solutions in Bloom Diagram p. 116
Decision Making Chart p. 117Assign numerical weights
6. Distinguish Fact v. Opinion A fact can be proven (objectively
verified) An opinion has no objective proof
To distinguish fact v. opinion: Take nothing for granted Consider who is making the assertion Listen for what is not said
Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Robert M. Sherfield & Patricia G. Moody, Cornerstone: Creating Success Through Positive Change, 6th Edition, Chapter 5, Slide 12
7. Seek Truth in Arguments & Persuasions -Fallacious Arguments• Ad baculum• Ad hominem• Ad populum• Ad verecundiam• Bandwagon• Scare tactic• Straw argument• Appeal to tradition• Plain folks• Patriotism• Glittering generalities
Pg. 118
8. Think Creatively and Be Resourceful
Aspect of critical thinking Producing something that is uniquely
yours Requires internal resourcefulness Characteristics: compassion, courage,
truth, dreams, risk-taking, innovation, competition, individuality, curiosity, perseverance p. 122
Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Robert M. Sherfield & Patricia G. Moody, Cornerstone: Creating Success Through Positive Change, 6th Edition, Chapter 5, Slide 14
Chapter Reflections
• Use credible, reliable sources• Learn to distinguish fact from opinion• Be flexible and avoid generalizations• Use emotional intelligence and restraint• Avoid stereotyping and prejudice and
strive for objectivity• Reserve judgment• Do not assume – do the legwork and ask
questions• Distinguish symptoms from problems
Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Robert M. Sherfield & Patricia G. Moody, Cornerstone: Creating Success Through Positive Change, 6th Edition, Chapter 5, Slide 15
Chapter Review
What is emotional intelligence and its purpose?
What is the amygdala and its purpose? How can you differentiate between a fact
and opinion? What is a fallacy and what are some
fallacious argument types? What is information literacy and how does it
affect your thinking? What are the steps to critical thinking?