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Chapter 5
The Roman Republic And
The Roman Empire
Chapter 5
Republic – a form of government in which the citizens select their officials
Chapter 5
Patrician – a wealthy landowning Roman citizen
Chapter 5
Plebeian – the poor, working class of Rome
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Senate – the legislative (law making) body of Rome that originally consisted of 300 patricians.
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Tribune – patricians who represented the interests of the plebeians in the senate. There were 10 and all had to vote in favor of a law or it was vetoed.
Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus
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Representative Democracy – due to distance and the size of the population, citizens selected representatives to represent their views in government.
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Dictator – in times of crisis in Roman history, a single man was asked to lead the country through the crisis who had complete power. Once the crisis was over, he turned the power back over to the senate.
Cincinnatus
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Imperialism – when one nations takes over another nation or area politically, economically and socially.
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Punic Wars – a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage over control of the Mediterranean Sea trade
Chapter 5
Hannibal – the Carthaginian general whose men crossed the Alps and attacked Rome from the north during the Second Punic War.
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Aqueduct – a man-made system used to carry water from one place to another. There were 3 major aqueducts that brought water into Rome.
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Julius Caesar – A Roman general who overthrew the senate and set himself up as a dictator. His assassination paved the way for the creation of the Roman Empire.
Chapter 5
Pax Romana – the 200 years of peace in the Roman Empire that existed from 27 BC – 180 AD. It started with the rule of Augustus who was followed by a series of 5 good emperors.
Augustus
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Christianity – a religion founded by Jesus Christ based on the belief that Jesus was the son of God and the Messiah (savior of men who offered them a way to absolve their sins and enter heaven).
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Pope – the head of the Catholic Church. When the Christian church split, it became known as the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox or the Byzantine Church.
St. Peter
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Diocletian – felt that the Roman empire was too large to govern so he divided it.
Chapter 5
Constantine – converted to Christianity, issued the Edict of Milan (religious toleration), made Christianity the religion of the Roman Empire, made Constantinople his capital in the east.
Chapter 5
Constantinople – the eastern capital of the Roman empire. Become the capital of the Byzantine empire. Located at the crossroads between 3 continents and between the major overland trade routes.
Chapter 5
Byzantine Empire – when the western Roman empire fell in 476, the eastern or Byzantine Empire became the major imperial power in Europe.
Chapter 5
Huns – the barbarian group that brought about the fall of the western Roman Empire in 476 AD.
